Ridling Zaine. Philosophy: Then and Now. A look back at 26 centuries of thought

Ridling, Philosophy Then and Now: A Look Back at 26 Centuries of Thought

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posthumously, 1688); HENRY MORE, Enchiridion Ethicum (1662);

SAMUEL CLARKE, Boyle lectures for 1705, published in his Works, 4 vol.

(1738-42); 3RD EARL OF SHAFTESBURY, “Inquiry Concerning Virtue or

Merit,” published together with other essays in his Characteristicks of Men,

Manners, Opinions, Times (1711); JOSEPH BUTLER, Fifteen Sermons

(1726); FRANCIS HUTCHESON, Inquiry into the Original of Our Ideas of

Beauty and Virtue (1725), and A System of Moral Philosophy, 2 vol. (1755);

DAVID HUME, A Treatise of Human Nature (1739-40), and An Enquiry

Concerning the Principles of Morals (1751); RICHARD PRICE, A Review of

the Principal Questions and Difficulties in Morals (1758); THOMAS REID,

Essays on the Active Powers of the Human Mind (1758); WILLIAM PALEY,

The Principles of Moral and Political Philosophy (1785); JEREMY

BENTHAM, Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation (1789);

JOHN STUART MILL, Utilitarianism (1863); and HENRY SIDGWICK, The

Methods of Ethics (1874). Selections of the major texts of this period are

brought together in D.D. RAPHAEL (ed.), British Moralists, 1650-1800, 2

vol. (1969); and in D.H. MONRO (ed.), A Guide to the British Moralists

(1972). Useful introductions to separate writers include J. KEMP, Ethical

Naturalism (1970), on Hobbes and Hume; W.D. HUDSON, Ethical

Intuitionism (1967), on the intuitionists from Cudworth to Price and the debate

with the moral sense school; and ANTHONY QUINTON, Utilitarian Ethics

(1973). C.D. BROAD, Five Types of Ethical Theory (1930, reprinted 1971),

includes clear accounts of the ethics of Butler, Hume, and Sidgwick. J.L.

MACKIE, Hume’s Moral Theory (1980), brilliantly traces the relevance of

Hume’s work to current disputes about the nature of ethics.