Промтов М.А. Пульсационные аппараты роторного типа (роторно-пульсационные аппараты, РПА): теория и практика

Подождите немного. Документ загружается.

:gZeh]bqgu_bkke_^h\Zgby[uebijh\_^_guZ\lhjZfbjZ[hlu>@IhdZaZghqlhki_dlj

baemq_gby ^Z\e_gby hl dZ\blZpbhggh]h imaujvdZ \ pbebg^jbq_kdhf j_ahgZlhj_ aZ\bkbl hl

agZq_gbykh[kl\_gghcqZklhluj_ahgZlhjZ

>eybaemqZl_e_clbiZJBD:jZ[hqZydZf_jZ\ dhlhjmx]_g_jbjmxlkydhe_[Zgbybf__l

\b^ ijyfhm]hevgh]h lhjZ Kh[kl\_ggu_ qZklhlu lZdh]h h[t_fZ gZo h^yl ky ih nhjfme_







PQS



]^_











































 \ukhlZ jZ[hq_c dZf_ju f

 dhjgb

mjZ\g_gby























;













 nmgdpbb;_kk_eyb G_cfZgZihjy^dZ



>ey









 i_j\h_ agZq_gb_ kh[kl\_gghc qZklhlu jZ[hq_c dZf_ju

hij_^_ey_lkydZd













;



]^_









;



 i_j\uciheh`bl_evg uc dhj_gvijb









>ey wdki_jbf_glZevghc ijh\_jdb j_ahgZgkgh]h j_`bfZ [ue kijh_dlbjh\Zg JBD:

ih]jm`gh]h lbiZ k jZ^bmkhf jZ[hq_c dZf_ju







f jZ^bmkhf jhlhjZ







f

\ukhlhc dZf_ju







f ^ebghc  dZgZeZ klZlhjZ







fb aZahjhf f_`^m  jhlhjhf b

klZlhjhf



ffQbkehijyfhm]hevguodZgZeh\\ jhlhj_b klZlhj_



]

rbjbgZdZgZeh\



ff \ukhlZ



ff Jhlhj k r_klvx ehiZldZfb ijb\h^beb \h \jZs_gb_ ^\b]Zl_e_f

ihklhyggh]h lhdZ k m]eh\hc kdhjhklv x 









 Hkgh\gZy qZklhlZ ]_g_jbjm_fuo

bfimevkh\e_`ZeZ\ ^bZiZahg_







=p

>ey



hij_^_ebfgbarb_kh[kl\_ggu_qZklhludZf_judZd











]^_



 dhjgbmjZ\g_gby



















































;

Bkihevamy lZ[ebpu dhjg_c g_dhlhjuo \ujZ`_gbc kh^_j`Zsbo nmgdpbb ;_kk_ey b

G_cfZgZ>@gZoh^bfQc iheh`b l_evgucdhj_gv

;

b hij_^_ey_f











;



Gbarb_kh[kl\_ggu_qZklhlujZ[hq_cdZf_jukhklZ\eyxljy^







=p

=b^jhnhgbalb lZgZlZ[ZjbymklZgZ\eb\ZebgZijhlb\dZgZeZklZlhjZb baf_jyebh[sbc

bgl_]jZevguc mjh\_gv imevkZpbc ^Z\e_gby GZ  jbk  ij_^klZ\e_g ]jZnbd

aZ\bkbfhklb bgl_]jZevgh]h mjh\gy imevkZpbc ^Z\e_gby hl hkgh\g hc  qZklhlu imevkZpbc

^Z\e_gbygZqZklhlZom^h\e_l\hjbl_evghkh\iZ^Zxsbok kh[kl\_ggufbqZklhlZfbjZ[hq_c

dZf_juZiiZjZlZ

Jbk=jZnbdaZ\bkbfhklbbgl_]jZevgh]hmjh\gyimevkZpbb^Z\e_gby

hlhkgh\ghcqZklhluimevkZpbc

KIBKHDEBL?J:LMJUD =E:<?

 FZdZjh\EH :dm klbq_kdb_baf_j_gby\ ijhp_kkZomevljZa\mdh\hcl_ogheh]bbF

FZrbghkljh_gb_k

 MevljZa\md FZe_gvdZy wgpbdehi_^by  Ih^ j_^ B I =he yfb ghc F Kh\

wgpbdehi_^byk

 X^Z_\ < N =b^jhf_oZgbq_kdb_ ijhp_kku \ jhlhjguo  ZiiZjZlZo k fh^meyp b_c

ijhoh^g h]h k_q_gby ihl hd Z h[jZ[Zlu\Z_fhc kj_^u  L_hj_l hkgh\u obf l_oghe  L

 K 

 ;ehobgp_\>B :dmklbdZg_h^ghjh^ghc^\b`ms_ckykj_^uFGZmdZ

 Ev\h\kdbc ? G KlZlbklbq_kdb_ f_lh^u  ihkljh_gby wfibjbq_kdbo nhjfme Mq_[

ihkh[F<ukrrdk

 >vydhgh\ < I KijZ\hqgbd ih Ze]hjb l fZf b ijh]jZffZf gZ yaud_ ;_ckbd ^ey

i_jkhgZevguoW<FFGZmdZk

 DZkkZg^jh\Z H F E_[_^_\ < < H[jZ[hldZ j_amev l Zlh\ gZ[ex^_gbc F GZmdZ

k

 Dhl_evgbdh\J;:gZebaj_amevlZlh\gZ[ex^_gbcFWg_j]hZlhfba^Zlk

 DjZkh\kdbc=BNbeZj_lh\=NIeZgbjh\Zgb_wdki_jbf_glZFbgkdBa^\h;=M

k

 He_cgbd<KIjZdlbdmfihZ\lhfZlbabjh\Zgghfmwe_dljhijb\h^mFDhehk

k

 ;ZeZ[urdh : F Abfbg : B Jm`bpdbc < I =b ^ jhf_oZgbq_kdh_

^bki_j]bjh\Zgb_FGZmdZk

 Hkh[_gghklb jZ[hlu]b^jh^bgZfbq_kdh]hbaemqZl_ey\ \yadhckj_^_E:

;hj_cfZ]hjkdZy:IFhjhah\:NGZaZj_gdh<IR_klZdh\Gh\u_nbaf_lh^u

bgl_gkbnbdZpbbl_ogheijhp_kkh\K[gZmqljFK 

 ;ZeZ[urdh:FX^Z_\<NJhlhjgu_ZiiZjZluk fh^meypb_cihlhdZbbo

ijbf_g_gb_\ i jhfure_gghklbFG_^jZk

 ;b]e_j < B EZ\j_gqbd < G X^Z_\ < N <ha[m`^_gb _ dZ\blZpbc \

ZiiZjZlZolbiZ]b^jh^bgZfbq_kdhckbj_gu:dmkl`mjgL K 

=p

 ;b]e_j < B X^Z_\ < N BfimevkgZy Zdmklbq_kdZy dZ\blZpby \ ZiiZjZlZo

lbiZ]b^jh^bgZfbq_kdhckbj_gu:dmkl`mjgL K 

 A\_a^bg:DAbfbg:B<ha[m`^_gb_bfimevkghcZdmklbq_kdhcdZ\blZpbb

=b^jh^bgZfbdZb ZdmklbdZh^gh b^\monZaguoihlhdh\Gh\hkb[bjkdK 

 X^Z_\ < N H[ Zdmklbq_kdhc dZ\blZpbb \ ]b^jh^bgZfbq_kdbo kbj_gZo 

:dmklbdZb mevljZa\mdh\Zyl_og b dZDL_og bdZK 

 :^bmlhjb?NGh\u_f_lh^u\ l_iehi_j_^Zq_I_jkZg]eih^j_^ :

BE_hglv_\ZFFbjk

 Dmjhqdbg:DKfhjh^h\?:Wdki_jbf_glZevgu_bkke_^h\ZgbydZ\blZpbb\

jhlhjguo]b^jh^bgZfbq_kdbobaemqZl_eyo:dmkl`mjgZeL K 

 1HSSLUDV( $$FRXVWLFFDYLWDWLRQ3K\V5HSWV9  3 

 Dhjlg_\ : < FZdZjh\ < D Dbg_fZlh]jZnbq_kdb_ bkke_^h\Zgby

mevljZa\md\hcdZ\blZpbb:dm klbdZ b mevljZa\mdh\Zyl_ogbdZDL_ogbdZK 

 /DXWHUERUQ:&DYLWDWLRQJHQHUDODQGEDVLFDVSHFW,Q6\PSRQILQLWH DPSOLWXGH

ZDYHHIIHFWVLQIOXLGV&RSHQJDJHQ3URF3  

 .H-LDQ<DPDJXFKL$WVXVKL&DYLWDWLRQFKDUDFWHULVWLFVRIORQJRULILFHVLQXQVWHDG\

IORZV--DS+\GUDXODQG3QHXP6RF 9  3 

 'H &KL]HOOH < .XKQ &HFFLR 6/ %UHQQHQ &( 2EVHUYDWLRQV DQG VFDOLQJ RI

WUDYHOOLQJEXEEOHFDYLWDWLRQ-)OXLG0HFK93  

 -XQJHODXV + - 8EHU GHQ HLQIOXVV GHV NDYHWDWLRQVYROXPHQV DXI GHQ

NDYLWDWLRQVPHFKDQLVPXV$FXVWLFD 9  3 

 )O\QQ+ *3XOVDWLRQVDQGPRGHOVIRUFDYLWDWLRQEXEEOHV-$FRXVWLFDO6RFLHW\RI

$PHULFD 9  3 

 IhdmkZ_\ ; = DhjZ[_evgbdh\ : < Ijb[Zlmjbg G : <hegu ^Z\e_gby \

`b^dhklbk imaujvdZfbiZjZ<hegh\u_ijhp_kku\^\monZaguokj_^ZoGh\hkb[bjkdBLN

KH:G KKKJK 

 Ijhflh\F:Q_j\ydh\<FH nhjfb jh \Zgb b dZ\blZpbhgguo h[jZah\Zgb c\

jhlhjghfZiiZjZl_k fh^meypb_cihlhd Z<_klgbdL=LML  K 

 Ijhflh\ F : Wdki_jbf_glZevgu_ bkke_^h\Zgby bfimevkghc dZ\blZpbb \

ZiiZjZl_lbiZ]b^jh^bgZfbq_kdhckbj_gu:dmkl`mjgZeL  K



 DhgklZglbgh\XF=b^jZ\ebdZD<bsZrdk

 :jamfZgh\ W K DZ\blZpby \f_klguo ]b^jZ\ebq_kdbo khijhlb\e_gbyo F

Wg_j]byk

 Jha_g[_j]E>DZ\blZpbhggZyh[eZklv<dgFhsgu_mevljZa\mdh\u_ihey

Ih^j_^E>Jha_g[_j]ZFGZmdZQK 

 Abfbg : B IjbdeZ^gZy f_oZgbdZ ij_ju\bkluo l_q_gbc F NhebZgl 

k

 Kbjhlxd F = Wdki_jbf_gl Zevgu_ bkke_^h\Zgby mevljZa\md h\hc dZ\blZpbb

<dgFhsg u_mevljZa\mdh\u_iheyIh^j_^E>Jha_g[_j]ZFGZmdZQK

 

 ;_j]fZgEMevljZa\mdb_]hijbf_g_gb_\gZmd_b l_ogbd_FBghkljebl

jZk

 Khghexfbg bkp_gpby\hagbdZxsZyijb]b^jh^bgZfbq_kdhcdZ\blZpbb<K

<_j[Zgh\F:FZj]mebkK<>_fbgb^j@mjgnbaobfbbL K

 

 Obfbq_kdb_ bnbabdhobfbq_kdb_ ijhp_kku \ iheyo kha^Z\Z_fuo

]b^jhZdmklbq_kdbfbbaemqZl_eyfb:DDmjhqdbg?:Kfhjh^h\X<;Z^bdh\F:

FZj]mebk@mjgnbaobfbbL K 

 Nebgg = NbabdZ Zdmklbq_kdhc dZ\blZpbb \ `b^dhklyo <dg Nbabq_kdZy

ZdmklbdZIh^j_^MFwahgZFFbjLQ;K 

 AZj_f[hEDDjZkbevgbdh\<:<\_^_gb_\ g_ebg_cgmxZdmklbdmFGZmdZ

k

 Rmlbeh\<:Hkgh\unbabdbmevljZa\mdZMq_[ihkh[EBa^\hE=M

k

 3URPWRY0 $.XOHVKRY<X97KHXVHRIUHVRQDQWSKHQRPHQDIRUHIIHFWLYHQHVVRI

DFRXVWLFWHFKQRORJLFDODSSDUDWXVHV7UDQVDFWLRQVRI 7678 9  3 

 ([SHULPHQWDO GHWHFWLRQ RI D VXEKDUPRQLF URXWH WR FKDRV LQ DFRXVWLF FDYLWDWLRQ

WKURXJKWKHWXWLJRIDSLH]RHOHFWULFFDYLW\&&DEH]D$&6LFDUGL 6FKLILQR&1HJUHLUDDQG*

0RQWDOGR-$FRXVWLFDO6RFLHW\RI $PHULFD 3  

 KijZ\hqgbd ihki_pbZevgufnmgdpbyfIh^j_^F:[jZfh\bpZbB

Klb]ZgZFGZmdZk

GZ jbk  ijb\_^_gZ djb\Zy  ihemq_ggZy ih ^Zgguf ba >@ Bkke_^h\Zgby

ijh\_^_ggu_Z\lhjhfjZ[hlu>@ih^l\_j`^Zxlijb\_^_ggu_aZ\bkbfhklb

Wnn_dlb\ghklv ]_g_jbjm_fuo Zdmklbq_kdbo dhe_[Zgbc \ `b^dhklb fh`gh lZd`_

hp_gblv ih hlghr_gbx Zfieblm^u dZ\blZpbhgguo bfimevkh\ d Zfieblm^_ ]_g_jbjm_fhc

\hegu

À¶¸

 OZjZdl_jgu_ hkpbeeh]jZffu dZ\blZpbhgguo bfimevkh\ ^Z\e_gby bbo

khhlghr_gb_k]_g_jbjm_fhc\heghcihdZaZgugZjbk

Hkpbeeh]jZffu ihdZau\Zxl qlh dZ\blZpbhggu_ imaujvdb gZqbgZxl koehiu\Zlvky

kjZam `_ ihke_ h[jZah\Zgby gZ hljbpZl_evghfdjZldh\j_f_gghf bfimevk_ ^Z\e_gby ihke_

lh]hdZd^Z\e_gb_\ `b^dhklbgZqbgZ_l\hajZklZlv

GZ jbk  ihdZaZgu ]jZnbd b aZ\bkbfhklb

5H





À¶¸

 WlZ aZ\bkbfhklv

Ziijhdkbfbjm_lkynhjfmehc













À¶¸









5H





H[S







_keb







5H

















lh



À¶¸



<Z`guf iZjZf_ljhf y\ey_lky \_ebqbgZ klZlbq_kdh]h ^Z\e_gby \ jZ[hq_c dZf_j_ b\

dZgZe_klZlhjZJBD:lZddZdhgZ\eby_lgZbgl_gkb\ghklvb jZa\blb_dZ\blZpbb< jZ[hl_

>@ ijb\_^_gu ]jZnbdb  aZ\bkbfhklb gZijy`_gby gZ ]b^jhnhg_ ijhihjpbhgZevgh]h

\hkijbgbfZ_fhfmZdmklbq_kdhfm^Z\e_gbx hl^Z\e_gby\ dZf_j_





À¶¸

dhlhju_bf_xl

fZdkbfmfijb^Z\e_gbyo







¶ÈÂ















GZrbbkke_^h\ZgbyihdZaZebqlhijb[he__

\ukhdbo agZq_gbyo

wlb fZdkbf mfu kf_sZxlky \ klhjhg m mf_gvr_gby J

ijb

m\_ebq_gbb

jbk  Wlh fh`gh h[tykgblv l_f qlh ijb m\_ebq_gbb

m\_ebqb\Z_lky 'J b kj_^g__ khijhlb\e_gb_ ij_ju\Zl_ey JBD: :gZeh]bqgu_ aZ\bkbfhklb

ihemq_gugZfbb ^eyh[t_fZdZ\blZpbhggh]hdeZkl_jZ





jbk

Ih \hijhkm h \ebygbb l_fi_jZlmju h[jZ[Zlu\Z_fhc `b^dhklb gZ bgl_gkb\ghklv b

jZa\blb_dZ\blZpbb\ ebl_jZlmjguobklhqgbdZo\klj_qZxlkyi jhl b \hj_qb\u_^Zggu_LZd\

jZ[hl_ >@ bgl_gkb\ghklv dZ\blZpbb hp_gb\Zeb ih baf_g_gbx \_kZ Zexfbgb_\h]h

pbebg^jbdZ ihf_s_ggh]h \ahgm dZ\blZpbb <_k pbebg^jbdZ ijb dZ\blZpbhgghf

\ha^_ckl\bbmf_gvrZ_lkyk m\_ebq_gb_fl_fi_jZlmju`b^d hklb 

:\lhjujZ[hl >  @ihdZaZebqlhbgl_gkb\ghklvkhghexfbgbkp_gpbbmf_gvrZ_lky

ijbm\_ebq_gbbl_fi_jZlmjuIjbbkke_^h\ZgbbdZ\blZpbb\\h^_ijbl_fi_jZlmj_  

D Z fieblm^ZdZ\ bl Zpbhgguobfimevkh\m f_gvrZ_lkygZ

Kh\_jr_ggh ijhlb\hj_qZsb_ \ur_md ZaZgg uf ^Zgguf ihemq_gu j_amevlZlu \ jZ[hlZo

>@;uebh[gZjm`_gufZdkbfmfuwjhabbZexfbgb_\uoieZklbgijbdZ\blZpbb\\h^_

wlbeh\hf kibjl_ b q_luj_ooehjbklhf m]e_jh^_ ijb m\_ebq_gbb l_fi_jZlmju >ey \h^u 

gZijbf_jfZdkbfmfwjhabbkhhl\_lkl\m_lijb[ebabl_evghqK

ÂÇ







ÂÇ







ÂÇ



JbkHkpbeeh]jZffudZ\blZpbhgguobfimevkh\

JbkAZ\bkbfhklvhlghkbl_evghcZfieblm^u

dZ\blZpbhgguobfimevkh\hldjbl_jby6K

  5H    5H    5H    5H  



%



q¶





















































JbkAZ\bkbfhklvbgl_gkb\ghklbdZ\blZpbbhl

^Z\e_gby\ jZ[hq_cdZf_j_

 ± Z5

fk ± Z5

fk  ± Z5

fk  ± Z5

fk

 ± Z5

fk  ± Z5

fk  ± Z5

fk









À¶¸



ÂÂ





















q¶







JBKA:<BKBFHKLVH;T?F:D:<BL:PBHGGH=HDE:KL?J:HL

>:<E?GBY

<J:;HQ?CD:F?J?HA<MQ B<: GBY





























ÂÂ

s

JbkAZ\bkbfhklvh[t_fZdZ\blZpbhggh]hdeZkl_jZhll_fi_jZlmju\h^u

Bgl_gkb\ghklv dZ\blZpbb \JBD: hl l_fi_jZlmju [ueZ bkke_^h\ZgZ \ >@ A^_kv

fZdkbfmf aZ\bkbfhklb Zfieblm^u dZ\blZpbhgguo imevkZpbc hl l_fi_jZlmju ijboh^blky

ijbf_jgh gZ l_fi_jZlmjm jZ\gmx  qK Wdki_jbf_glZevg u_ bkke_^h\Zgby ih^l\_j`^Zxl

]bihl_am h ijhihjpbhgZevghklb iehlghklb dbg_lbq_kdhc wg_j]bb kj_^u dZ\blZpbhgghfm

^Z\e_gbx gZ dhg_qghc klZ^bb aZoehiu\Zgby imaujvdZ \u^\bgmlmx \ >@ Bkoh^y bawlhc

]bihl_aulZd`_ij_^iheZ]Z_lkyqlhgZqZevgucjZ^bmkdZ\blZpbhgguoaZjh^ur_cjZ\_g



f H^gZdh gZ^h aZf_lblv qlh l_ogb dZ wdki_jbf_glZ [ueZ ihkljh_gZ lZdbf h[jZahf qlh

\h^m ij_^\Zjbl_evgh gZ]j_\Zeb ^h  qKZ aZl_fih f_j_hklu\Zgbyijh\h^beb baf_j_gby

dZ\blZpbhgguo bfimevkh\ LZdbf h[jZahf \h^Z ij_^\Zjbl_evgh [ueZ ^h\_^_gZ ihqlb ^h

dbi_gby b ]Zahkh^_j`Zgb_ \h^u [ueh agZqbl_evgh f_gvr_ ijb hklu\Zgbb q_f

]Zahkh^_j`Zgb_ \h^u ijb l_fi_jZlmj_ dhlhjZy gb`_ l_fi_jZlmju dbi_gby AZjh^ur_c

dZ\blZpbb ke_^h\Zl_evgh [ueh lh`_ f_gvr_ bf_gvr_ khhl\_lkl\_ggh dZ\blZpbhgguo

imaujvdh\ DZ\blZpbhggu_ imaujvdb lZdbf h[jZahf g_ f_rZeb ^jm] ^jm]m bg_

ijhbkoh^b e hkbevgh]hih]ehs_gbybfimevkh\

<kbem gZebqbywlb oijhlb\hj_qbcg_h[oh^bfh[uehmlhqgblvaZ\bkbfhklvdZ\blZpbb

hl l_fi_jZlmju ;ueh bamq_gh \ebygb_ l_fi_jZlmju `b^dhklb gZ kj_^gbc h[t_f

dZ\blZpbhggh]h deZkl_jZ Wdki_jbf_glu ijh\h^bebkv gZ k\_`_c \h^hijh\h^g hc  \h^_

GZ]j_\\h^uijhbkoh^ beg_ihkj_^kl\_ggh\f_jghf[Zd_wdki_jbf_glZevgh]hkl_g^Zb\h^Z

pbjdmebjh\ZeZihaZfdgmlhfmdhglmjmq_j_a[Zdb ZiiZjZlIhf_j_gZ]j_\Zgbyijh\h^beZkv

nhlhkt_fdZdZ\blZpbhgguoh[jZah\Zgbc

=jZnbdbij_^klZ\e_ggu_gZjbkihdZau\ZxlqlhaZ\bkbfhklvkj_^g_]hh[t _fZ

dZ\blZpbhggh]hdeZkl_jZhll_fi_jZlmju bf__lwdklj_fZevgucoZjZdl_jHkh[_gghaZf_l_g

fZdkbfmf h[t_fZ dZ\blZpbhggh]h deZkl_jZ ijb l_fi_jZlmj_  qKb







 Wlh

agZq_gb_ kdhjhklb i_j_djulby y\ey_lky ihjh]h\uf ^ey gZqZeZ jhklZ dZ\blZpbhggh]h

deZkl_jZb ihwlhfmfZdkbfmfaZ\bkbfhklby\ey_lky[he__\ujZ`_gguf

FZdkbfmf h[t_fZ dZ\blZpbhggh]h deZkl_jZ gZ  qK \_jhylgh aZ\bkbl hl lZdbo

nbabq_kdbo oZjZdl_jbklbd `b^dhklb dZd \yadhklv  iehlghklv ih\_joghklgh_ gZly`_gb_

^Z\e_gb_ gZkus_gguo iZjh\ ]Zahkh^_j`Zgb_ M\_ebq_gb_ l_fi_jZlmju ijb\h^bl d

ih\ur_gbx ^Z\e_gby gZkus_gguo iZjh\ \ `b ^ d hklb  ]Zahkh^_j`Zgby bd mf_gvr_gbx

iehlghklb b \yadhklb Ih\ur_gb_ ^Z\e_gby gZkus_gguo iZjh\ [eZ]hijbylg h kdZau\Z_lky

gZjZa\blbbdZ\blZpbblZd dZd\ wlhfkemqZ_lj_[m_lky[he__gbadZy\_ebqbgZZfieblm^u

bfimevkgh]h ^Z\e_gby ^ey ^hklb`_gby nbdkbjh\Zggh]h agZq_gby iZjZf_ljZ dZ\blZpbb

LZdbf`_h[jZahfijhy\ey_lkyb \ebygb_\yadhklbgZijhp_kkjZa\blbydZ\blZpbb

<ebygb_ iehlghklb b ]Zahkh^_j`Zgby `b^dhklb gZ dZ\blZpbx g_h^ghagZqgh

=Zahkh^_j`Zgb_ k\h[h^gh]h ]ZaZ \ `b^d hklb  \hajZklZ_l aZ kq_l lh]h qlh f_edb_ imaujvdb

m\_ebqb\Zxlky\h[t_f_ijbih\ur_gbbl_fi_jZlmjuWlhijb\h^bld mf_gvr_gbxh[s_]h

qbkeZaZjh^ur_cdZ\blZpbbbqbkehdZ\blZpbhgguoimaujvdh\mf_gvrZ_lky

AZ kq_l m\_ebq_gby h[t_fgh]h ]Zahkh^_j`Zgby `b^dhklb __ iehlghklv mf_gvrZ_lky

M\_ebq_gb_ ]Zahkh^_j`Zgby b mf_gvr_gb_ iehlghklb ijb\h^bl d lhfm qlh baemqZ_fZy

\hegZ bgl_gkb\gh ih]ehsZ_lky \lZdhc kj_^_ b m\_ebqb\Z_lky ^_finbjmxsbc wnn_dl <

wlhfkemqZ_^he`gZmf_gvrZlvky Zfieblm^Zbfimevkh\^Z\e_gby]_g_jbjm_fuoZiiZjZlhf

qlhb[uehih^l\_j`^_ghwdki_jbf_glZevgh

J:;HL:IMEVK:PBHGGUO:II:J:LH<JHLHJGH=HLBI:

< :<LHDHE?;:L?EVGHFB J?AHG:GKGHFJ?@BF:O

Bkke_^h\Zgb_Z\lhdhe_[Zl_evgh]hj_`bfZ

jZ[hluimevkZpbhggh]hZiiZjZlZ jhlhjgh]hlbiZ

k ^hihegbl_evgufbklhqgbdhfdhe_[Zgbc

\\b^_p_gljh[_`gh]hgZkhkZ

Fh^_ev Z\lhdhe_[Zl_evghc kbkl_fu \\b^_ I:JL  ^hihegbl_evguc bklhqgbd

dhe_[Zgbc [ueZ jZkkfhlj_gZ \ iZjZ]jZn_  ;he__ ih^jh[gh [ueh hibkZgh

\aZbfh^_c kl\b_ JBD: k^hihegb l_evg uf bklhqgbdhf dhe_[Zgbc \\b^_ p _gl jh[_`g h]h

gZkhkZ >ey wdki_jbf_glZevghc ijh\_jdb wlhc fh^_eb dh \oh^ghfm iZljm[dm I:JL lbiZ

JBD: [ue ih^dexq_g p_gljh[_`guc gZkhk lbiZ D  JZ[hlhkihkh[g hklv 

Z\lhdhe_[Zl_evghckbkl_fuijh\_jyebihZgZebamki_dljZimevkZpbc^Z\e_gbygZjZaebqguo

mqZkldZo Z\lhdhe_[Zl_evghc kbkl_fu Ki_dljZevguc ZgZeba ijh\h^beb ijb ihfhsb

]b^jhnhgZbalblZgZ[Zjbyb ZgZebaZlhjZ]ZjfhgbdgbadboqZklhlK Ki_dljdhe_[Zgbc

kgbfZebgZ\uoh^_ba^hihegbl_evgh]hbklhqgbdZdhe_[Zgbcb\ jZ[hq_cdZf_j_ZiiZjZlZ

>bkdj_lguc ki_dlj dhe_[Zgbc \ jZ[hq_c dZf_j_ kgbfZeb \ g_kdhevdbo lhqdZo \^hev

jZ^bZevghcijyfhcJZkklhygb_hl\oh^Z\ dZgZeklZlhjZ^hlhqdb\ dhlhjhcm klZgZ\eb\Zeb

]b^jhnhgh[hagZqbfdZd

¹¾ºÆ

=b^jhnhgmklZgZ\eb\Zebkljh]hgZijhlb\dZgZeZklZlhjZgZ





¹¾ºÆ

ff < dZq_kl\_ i_j_f_ggh]h iZjZf_ljZ hl dhlhjh]h aZ\bk_e ^bkdj_lgucki_dlj

[ueZ\u[jZgZhkgh\gZyqZklhlZdhe_[Zgbc

]_g_jbjm_fuoij_ju\Zl_e_f

 ]^_



qZklhlZ\jZs_gbyjhlhjZh[k

]

 qbkehdZgZeh\\ jhlhj_

Wdki_jbf_glui jh\h^bebkvgZk\_`_c\h^hijh\h^ghc \h^_ ijbl_fi_jZlmj_







^Z\e_gbb \ jZ[hq_c dZf_j_























IZ <k_ wdki_jbf_glZevgu_ ^Zggu_ ijhoh^beb

klZlbklbq_kdmxh[jZ[hldmHlghkbl_evgZyih]j_rghklvbaf_j_gbcgZijy`_gbykgbfZ_fh]h

k]b^jhnhgZg_ij_\urZeZ< ih^h[guobkke_^h\Zgbyog_lg_h[oh^b fhklbi_j_\h^blv

gZijy`_gb_ \ _^bgbpu ^Z\e_gby lZd dZd gZk bgl_j_km_lkhhlghr_gb_ \_ebqbg Zfieblm^

imevkZpbc f_`^m kh[hc ijb jZaebqguo

 GZijy`_g b_ gZ ]b^jhnhg_ ijhihjpbhgZevgh

\hkijbgbfZ_fhfm^Z\e_gbx\ ^Zgghf^bZiZahg_qZklhl

P?GLJH;?@GUC G:KHK ;UE IH>DEXQ?G DH <OH>GHFM I:LJM;DM

:II:J:L: BF?E R?KLV EHI:LHD G: J:;HQ?F DHE?K? B M=EH<MX

KDHJHKLV <J:S?GBY <:E:







 HKGH<G:Y Q:KLHL: IMEVK:PBC

>:<E?GBY< P?GLJH;?@GHFG:KHK?HIJ?>?EYE:KVD:D



















]

=p

GZjbk ihdZaZgu]jZnbdbaZ\bkbfhklbZfieblm^i_j\hc\lhjhclj_lv_cb

q_l\_jlhc ]Zjfhgbd ki_dljZ imevkZpbc \ jZ[hq_c dZf_j_ \ aZ\bkbfhklb hl  qZklhlu

ijb

jZaebqguo

¹¾ºÆ

  DZd \b^ghba ]jZnbdh\ gZ qZklhlZo      =p

ijhke_`b\ZxlkyfZdkbfmfuZfieblm^ imevkZpbc^Z\e_gbygZ ]ZjfhgbdZoFZdkbfmfu

Zfieblm^]Zjfhgbdhkgh\ghcqZklhludhe_[Zgbc\ ZiiZjZl_m^h\e_l\hjbl_evghkh\iZ^Zxlk

^bkdj_lguf jy^hf qZklhl ihemq_gguo ijb j_r_gbb mjZ\g_gby  Hldehg_gby hl

jZkq_lguo agZq_gbc khklZ\eyxl     Hkh[_ggh aZf_lgu \hajZklZgby Zfieblm^ gZ

mdZaZgguoqZklhlZo\hb ]ZjfhgbdZo hkgh\ghcqZklhludhe_[Zgbc\ ZiiZjZl_

:gZeba Zfieblm^ ]Zjfhgbd \ aZ\bkbfhklb hl dhhj^bgZlu lhqdb baf_j_gby \ jZ[hq_c

dZf_j_ ihdZau\Z_l qlh ih f_j_ m^Ze_gby hl ij_ju\Zl_ey ZiiZjZlZ Zdmklbq_kdb_ \hegu

g_kdhevdh aZlmoZxl M\_ebq_gb_ Zfieblm^u \hegu ijb



¹¾ºÆ

ff ih kjZ\g_gbx k

f_gvrbfb

¹¾ºÆ

h[tykgy_lky l_f qlh ]b^jhnhg  \ wlhc lhqd_ meZ\eb\Z_l g_ lhevdh \hegu

b^msb_ ba dZgZeZ klZlhjZ gZijhlb\ dhlhjh]h hg mklZgh\e_g gh b\hegu

jZkijhkljZgyxsb_kybakhk_^gbodZgZeh\klZlhjZ

Jbk=jZnbdbaZ\bkbfhklbZfieblm^ ]Zjfhgbd

hlhkgh\ghcqZklhludhe_[Zgbc

¹¶ÆÂ



¹¶ÆÂ





¹¶ÆÂ



ÂÂ



¹¾ºÆ





Jbk=jZnbdbaZ\bkbfhklbZfieblm^ ]Zjfhgbd

hlhkgh\ghcqZklhludhe_[Zgbc

ÂÂ



¹¾ºÆ















I=p

I