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óñòðîéñòâî îäíîïîëþñíîãî ïîâòîðíîãî âêëþ÷åíèÿ óñòðîéñòâî îäíîôàçíîãî
ïîâòîðíîãî âêëþ÷åíèÿ óñòðîéñòâî ÎÀÏÂ
single-pole reclosing equipment single-phase reclosing equipment
Óñòðîéñòâî àâòîìàòè÷åñêîãî ïîâòîðíîãî âêëþ÷åíèÿ, ïðåäíàçíà÷åííîå äëÿ
âîññòàíîâëåíèÿ öåïè îäíîé ôàçû âûêëþ÷àòåëÿ, îòêëþ÷åííîé âñëåäñòâèå
îäíîôàçíîãî çàìûêàíèÿ â ýíåðãîñèñòåìå.
óñòðîéñòâî òðåõïîëþñíîãî ïîâòîðíîãî âêëþ÷åíèÿ óñòðîéñòâî òðåõôàçíîãî
ïîâòîðíîãî âêëþ÷åíèÿ óñòðîéñòâî ÒÀÏÂ
three-pole reclosing equipment three-phase reclosing equipment
Óñòðîéñòâî àâòîìàòè÷åñêîãî ïîâòîðíîãî âêëþ÷åíèÿ, ïðåäíàçíà÷åííîå äëÿ
âîññòàíîâëåíèÿ öåïåé òðåõ ôàç âûêëþ÷àòåëÿ, îòêëþ÷åííûõ âñëåäñòâèå
ïîâðåæäåíèÿ â ýíåðãîñèñòåìå.
îäíîêðàòíîå àâòîìàòè÷åñêîå ïîâòîðíîå âêëþ÷åíèå
single-shot reclosing
Àâòîìàòè÷åñêîå ïîâòîðíîå âêëþ÷åíèå, êîòîðîå íå ïîâòîðÿåòñÿ, åñëè îíî íå
óñïåøíî.
ìíîãîêðàòíîå àâòîìàòè÷åñêîå ïîâòîðíîå âêëþ÷åíèå
multiple-shot reclosing
Àâòîìàòè÷åñêîå ïîâòîðíîå âêëþ÷åíèå, âûïîëíÿåìîå äâà èëè òðè ðàçà (îáû÷íî íå
áîëåå), åñëè îíî íå óñïåøíî.
âðåìÿ îáåñòî÷åíèÿ ëèíèè ýëåêòðîïåðåäà÷è èëè ôàçû
dead time
Âðåìÿ â ïðîöåññå àâòîìàòè÷åñêîãî ïîâòîðíîãî âêëþ÷åíèÿ, â òå÷åíèå êîòîðîãî
ëèíèÿ ýëåêòðîïåðåäà÷è èëè ôàçà íå ïîäñîåäèíåíû ê êàêîìó-ëèáî ñåòåâîìó
íàïðÿæåíèþ.
Ïðèìå÷àíèå - Äëÿ ëèíèé ýëåêòðîïåðåäà÷è ñ ðàäèàëüíûì ïèòàíèåì âðåìÿ
îáåñòî÷åíèÿ ëèíèè (ôàçû) ðàâíî âðåìåíè áåñòîêîâîé ïàóçû ïðè àâòîìàòè÷åñêîì
ïîâòîðíîì âêëþ÷åíèè. Ñì.
Ðèñóíîê 47.
óñòðîéñòâî òðåõïîëþñíîãî ïîâòîðíîãî âêëþ÷åíèÿ ñ êîíòðîëåì ñèíõðîíèçìà
óñòðîéñòâî òðåõôàçíîãî ïîâòîðíîãî âêëþ÷åíèÿ ñ êîíòðîëåì ñèíõðîíèçìà
three-pole reclosing equipment with synchrocheck
three-phase reclosing equipment with synchrocheck
Óñòðîéñòâî òðåõïîëþñíîãî ïîâòîðíîãî âêëþ÷åíèÿ ñ êîíòðîëåì íàïðÿæåíèÿ,
ðàçíîñòè ÷àñòîò è ôàçíîãî óãëà ïåðåä âêëþ÷åíèåì âûêëþ÷àòåëÿ.
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âðåìÿ áåñòîêîâîé ïàóçû (ïðè àâòîìàòè÷åñêîì ïîâòîðíîì âêëþ÷åíèè)
autoreclose open time
Âðåìÿ â ïðîöåññå àâòîìàòè÷åñêîãî ïîâòîðíîãî âêëþ÷åíèÿ, â òå÷åíèå êîòîðîãî
ïîëþñ (ïîëþñà) ñîîòâåòñòâóþùåãî âûêëþ÷àòåëÿ ðàçîìêíóòû.
Ïðèìå÷àíèå - Äàííîå îïðåäåëåíèå ïðåäïîëàãàåò, ÷òî âðåìÿ áåñòîêîâîé ïàóçû
âêëþ÷àåò â ñåáÿ òàêæå âðåìÿ ïðîáîÿ è âðåìÿ ãîðåíèÿ äóãè íà êîíòàêòàõ
âûêëþ÷àòåëÿ. Ñì.
Ðèñóíîê 47.
âðåìÿ ïåðåðûâà ïèòàíèÿ ïðè àâòîìàòè÷åñêîì ïîâòîðíîì âêëþ÷åíèè
autoreclose interruption time
Âðåìÿ â ïðîöåññå àâòîìàòè÷åñêîãî ïîâòîðíîãî âêëþ÷åíèÿ, â òå÷åíèå êîòîðîãî
ëèíèÿ ýëåêòðîïåðåäà÷è èëè ôàçà íå ìîãóò ïåðåäàâàòü íèêàêîé ýíåðãèè.
Ïðèìå÷àíèå - Äëÿ ëèíèé ýëåêòðîïåðåäà÷è ñ ðàäèàëüíûì ïèòàíèåì âðåìÿ
ïåðåðûâà ïèòàíèÿ ïðè àâòîìàòè÷åñêîì ïîâòîðíîì âêëþ÷åíèè ðàâíî âðåìåíè
îáåñòî÷åíèÿ ëèíèè ýëåêòðîïåðåäà÷è èëè ôàçû è âðåìåíè áåñòîêîâîé ïàóçû.
âðåìÿ ãîòîâíîñòè
reclaim time reset time (USA)
Âðåìÿ ïîñëå àâòîìàòè÷åñêîãî ïîâòîðíîãî âêëþ÷åíèÿ äî ìîìåíòà, êîãäà óñòðîéñòâî
àâòîìàòè÷åñêîãî ïîâòîðíîãî âêëþ÷åíèÿ ãîòîâî äëÿ âûïîëíåíèÿ äðóãîãî
ïîâòîðíîãî âêëþ÷åíèÿ â ñëó÷àå íîâîãî ïîâðåæäåíèÿ â ýíåðãîñèñòåìå.
óñòðîéñòâî àâòîìàòè÷åñêîãî âîññòàíîâëåíèÿ
automatic restoration equipment
Óñòðîéñòâî, ïðåäíàçíà÷åííîå âûçûâàòü äëÿ ðàáîòû â óñòàíîâëåííîì ïîðÿäêå
ïîñëåäîâàòåëüíî èëè ñ çàäåðæêîé àâòîìàòè÷åñêîå ïîâòîðíîå ñîåäèíåíèå
âûêëþ÷àòåëåé èëè äðóãèõ ñïåöèàëüíûõ êîììóòèðóþùèõ óñòðîéñòâ.
Ïðèìå÷àíèå - Àâòîìàòè÷åñêîå âîññòàíîâëåíèå ìîæåò ñëåäîâàòü çà íåóäàâøèìñÿ
àâòîìàòè÷åñêèì ïîâòîðíûì âêëþ÷åíèåì èëè â ñîîòâåòñòâèè ñ îáùèìè óñëîâèÿìè
ðàçúåäèíåíèÿ ñ àâòîìàòè÷åñêèì ïîâòîðíûì âêëþ÷åíèåì è áåç íåãî.
Àâòîìàòè÷åñêîå âîññòàíîâëåíèå îáû÷íî ïðåäóñìàòðèâàåòñÿ äëÿ âîññòàíîâëåíèÿ
íàïðÿæåíèÿ íà ñòàíöèÿõ öåëèêîì èëè ÷àñòè÷íî ïîñëå îáøèðíûõ ïîâðåæäåíèé.
óñòðîéñòâî àâòîìàòè÷åñêîãî âîññòàíîâëåíèÿ íàãðóçêè
automatic load restoration equipment
Óñòðîéñòâî, ïðåäíàçíà÷åííîå âûçûâàòü ïîâòîðíîå âêëþ÷åíèå âûêëþ÷àòåëåé
àâòîìàòè÷åñêè ïîñëå îòêëþ÷åíèÿ â ðåçóëüòàòå îòêëþ÷åíèÿ íàãðóçêè.
Ïðèìå÷àíèå - Ïîâòîðíîå âêëþ÷åíèå îñóùåñòâëÿåòñÿ ñ êîíòðîëåì ÷àñòîòû è
íàïðÿæåíèÿ.
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6 Ïðèëîæåíèå 2 - Ìåæäóíàðîäíàÿ ïðàêòèêà
ñòàíäàðòèçàöèè â îáëàñòè ÐÇÀ
Íàèáîëüøóþ àêòèâíîñòü (è ðåçóëüòàòèâíîñòü) â ýëåêòðîýíåðãåòè÷åñêîé îáëàñòè
ïðîÿâëÿþò IEC (ÌÝÊ), IEEE, ANSI, íàöèîíàëüíûå êîìèòåòû è êîìèññèè ïî
ðåãóëèðîâàíèþ â ýíåðãåòèêå.
Ê íàèáîëåå çíà÷èìîìó äîêóìåíòó â îáëàñòè òåðìèíîëîãèè ñëåäóåò îòíåñòè
ñòàíäàðò IEC 60050 – ìíîãîÿçû÷íûé ñëîâàðü òåðìèíîâ è îïðåäåëåíèé â îáëàñòè
ýëåêòðîýíåðãåòèêè, ýëåêòðîòåõíèêè è êîììóíèêàöèé. ×àñòü ñòàíäàðòà, êàñàþùàÿñÿ
îáëàñòè ðåëåéíîé çàùèòû ýíåðãîñèñòåì ïðèâåäåíà â ïðèëîæåíèè ¹1.
Àíàëèç ðàçëè÷íûõ äîêóìåíòîâ íà ïðåäìåò ñòðóêòóðíîãî è ôóíêöèîíàëüíîãî
îïèñàíèÿ ñèñòåì è ñðåäñòâ ÐÇÀ ïîêàçàë, ÷òî, â ïîäàâëÿþùåì ÷èñëå, èñïîëüçóåòñÿ
ñòàíäàðò ANSI/IEEE C37.2 – “Standard Electrical Power System.Device Function
Numbers and Contact Designations” (Ýëåêòðè÷åñêàÿ ýíåðãîñèñòåìà. Íîìåðà
ôóíêöèé óñòðîéñòâ è îáîçíà÷åíèÿ êîíòàêòîâ). Ïîñêîëüêó äëÿ öåëåé íàñòîÿùåé
ðàáîòû äàííûé ñòàíäàðò èìååò áîëüøîå çíà÷åíèå, òåêñò åãî ïðèâåäåí â
ïðèëîæåíèè ¹1.
 ñâÿçè ñ ðàçâèòèåì äåðåãóëèðîâàíèÿ â ýëåêòðîýíåðãåòèêå áîëüøèíñòâà ñòðàí,
ïðîáëåìà ñòàíäàðòèçàöèè ðàçëè÷íûõ àñïåêòîâ äåÿòåëüíîñòè â îáëàñòè
ïðîèçâîäñòâà, ïåðåäà÷è è ðàñïðåäåëåíèÿ ýëåêòðè÷åñêîé ýíåðãèè ñòàëà àêòóàëüíîé
äëÿ âñåõ ó÷àñòíèêîâ ýòèõ ïðîöåññîâ.  ÷àñòíîñòè, â îáëàñòè òðåáîâàíèé ê ÐÇÀ
ðàçðàáàòûâàþò ñòàíäàðòû ïðàêòè÷åñêè âñå Ðåãèîíàëüíûå Îïåðàòîðû Ïåðåäà÷è
(RTO) èëè Íåçàâèñèìûå Ñèñòåìíûå Îïåðàòîðû (ISO).
 êà÷åñòâå èëëþñòðàöèè ïðèâåäåíû ïðèìåðû ñòàíäàðòîâ â îáëàñòè ÐÇÀ,
ðàçðàáîòàííûõ NERC - Íàöèîíàëüíûì Êîìèòåòîì ïî Íàäåæíîñòè Ýíåðãåòèêå ÑØÀ
(
Òàáëèöà 25), è IEEE (Òàáëèöà 26).
Òàáëèöà 25 - Ñòàíäàðòû â îáëàñòè ÐÇÀ NERC
Íîìåð Íàèìåíîâàíèå
PRC-001-0 System Protection Coordination
PRC-002-0 Define and Document Disturbance Monitoring Equipment
Requirements
PRC-002-1 Define and Document Disturbance Monitoring Equipment
Requirements
PRC-003-1 Regional Requirements for Transmission and Generation Protection
System Misoperations
PRC-004-1 Analysis and Mitigation of Transmission and Generation Protection
System Misoperations
PRC-005-1 Transmission and Generation Protection System Maintenance and
Testing
PRC-006-0 Development and Documentation of Regional UFLS Programs
PRC-007-0 Assuring Consistency with Regional UFLS Programs
PRC-008-0 Underfrequency Load Shedding Equipment Maintenance Programs
PRC-009-0 UFLS Performance Following an Underfrequency Event
PRC-010-0 Assessment of the Design and Effectiveness of UVLS Program
PRC-011-0 UVLS System Maintenance and Testing
PRC-012-0 Special Protection System Review Procedure
PRC-013-0 Special Protection System Database
PRC-014-0 Special Protection System Assessment
PRC-015-0 Special Protection System Data and Documentation
PRC-016-0 Special Protection System Misoperations
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Íîìåð Íàèìåíîâàíèå
PRC-017-0 Special Protection System Maintenance and Testing
PRC-018-1 Disturbance Monitoring Equipment Installation and Data Reporting
PRC-020-1 Under-Voltage Load Shedding Program Database
PRC-021-1 Under-Voltage Load Shedding Program Data
PRC-022-1
Under-Voltage Load Shedding Program Performance
Òàáëèöà 26 - Ñòàíäàðòû â îáëàñòè ÐÇÀ IEEE
Íîìåð Íàèìåíîâàíèå
IEEE Std C37.108™-2002 Transformers Protection
IEEE Std C37.90.1.2002
Standard for Surge Withstand Capability (SWC) Tests
for Relays and Relay Systems Associated with Electric
Power Apparatus
IEEE Std 242-2001
Practice for Protection and Coordination of Industrial
and Commercial Power Systems
IEEE Std 242-2001
Recommended Practice for Protection and Coordination
of Industrial and Commercial Power Systems
IEEE Std C37.96-2000 Motor Protection
IEEE Std C37.99-2000 Shunt Capacitor Bank Protection
IEEE Std C37.111-1999
Standard Common Format for Transient Data Exchange
(COMTRADE) for Power Systems
IEEE Std 902-1998
Guide for Maintenance, Operation, and Safety of
Industrial and Commercial Power Systems
IEEE Std C37.110-1996
Current Transformers Used for Protective Relaying
Purposes
IEEE Std C37.112-1996
Standard Inverse-Time Characteristic Equations for
Overcurrent Relays
IEEE Std C37.102-1995 Generator Protection
IEEE Std C37.101-1993 Generator Ground Protection
IEEE Std C62.48-1995
Interactions Between Power System Disturbances and
Surge-Protective Devices
IEEE Std C37.90.2-1995
Standard for Withstand Capability of Relay Systems to
Radiated Electromagnetic Interference from transceivers
IEEE Std 1344-1995 Synchrophasors for Power Systems
IEEE Std 824-1994 Series Capacitors Standard in Power Systems
IEEE C37.95-1989
Protective Relaying of Utility-Consumer
Interconnections
ANSI/IEEE C37.90-1989
Relays and Relay Systems Standard Associated with
Electric Power Apparatus
ANSI/IEEE C37.109-1988 Shunt Reactors of Protection
IEEE Std C37.2-1987 Electric Power System Standards Device Numbers
ANSI/IEEE C37.93-1987
Power System Protective Relay Applications of Audio
Tones over Telephone Channels
ANSI/IEEE C37.98-1987 Standard Seismic Testing of Relays
IEEE C37.105-1987
Standard for Qualifying Class 1E Protective Relays and
Auxiliaries for Nuclear Power Generating Stations
IEEE Std 502-1985
Protection, Interlocking, and Control of Fossil-Fueled
Unit- Connected Steam Stations
ANSI/IEEE C57.13.1-1981 Relaying Current Transformers Field Testing
IEEE Std C37-91-2000 Protective relay applications to power transformers
ANSI/IEEE C37.91-1979 Protective relay applications to power system buses
IEEE Std C37.113-1999 Protective relay applications to transmission lines
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Î÷åíü ÷àñòî â ñòàíäàðòàõ è äðóãèõ äîêóìåíòàõ èñïîëüçóþòñÿ ñòðóêòóðíûå è
ôóíêöèîíàëüíûå ñõåìû. Íà îñíîâå àíàëèçà ýòèõ äîêóìåíòîâ áûëè ñôîðìèðîâàíû
òðåáîâàíèÿ ê èõ ñîäåðæàíèþ è îôîðìëåíèþ, ïðèâåäåííûå íèæå.
6.1 Òðåáîâàíèÿ ê îáîçíà÷åíèþ ôóíêöèé è óñòðîéñòâ
Ôóíêöèîíàëüíûå è ñòðóêòóðíûå ñõåìû ìîãóò èñïîëüçîâàòüñÿ â ðàçëè÷íûõ (êàê
ïðàâèëî – íîðìàòèâíûõ) äîêóìåíòàõ, ïîëüçîâàòüñÿ êîòîðûìè äîëæíû è
Ðîññèéñêèå è çàðóáåæíûå îðãàíèçàöèè è êîìïàíèè. Ïîýòîìó ôîðìû è ñîäåðæàíèå
äîêóìåíòîâ äîëæíû ñîîòâåòñòâîâàòü îáùåìèðîâûì íîðìàì. Ýòîãî òðåáóåò è íîâàÿ
äîêòðèíà «Òåõíîëîãè÷åñêîãî ðåãóëèðîâàíèÿ».
 ñâÿçè ñ ýòèì äëÿ îáîçíà÷åíèÿ ôóíêöèé óñòðîéñòâ è ýëåìåíòîâ ïðåäëàãàåòñÿ
èñïîëüçîâàòü ñòàíäàðò ïðåäïðèÿòèÿ, îñíîâàííûé íà ñòàíäàðòå IEEE/ANSI C37.2-
1996. Ïåðå÷åíü íàèáîëåå ÷àñòî ïðèìåíÿåìûõ îáîçíà÷åíèé ïðèâåäåí â
Òàáëèöà 27 .
Òàáëèöà 27 - Ôóíêöèè ÐÇÀ ñòàíäàðòà IEEE C37.2
IEEE Íàèìåíîâàíèå ôóíêöèè Êðàòêèå êîììåíòàðèè
Òîêîâûå çàùèòû
51 Ìàêñèìàëüíàÿ òîêîâàÿ çàùèòà
(îáùåå ïðåäñòàâëåíèå) îò âñåõ
âèäîâ ÊÇ
Ýòî çàùèòà, ñðàáàòûâàþùàÿ ïðè
ïðåâûøåíèè çíà÷åíèÿ ïåðåìåííîãî
òîêà è èìåþùàÿ îïðåäåëåííóþ
õàðàêòåðèñòèêó âðåìåíè
ñðàáàòûâàíèÿ îò òîêà â ðàáî÷åì
äèàïàçîíå.
51G ÌÒÇ îò çàìûêàíèÿ íà «çåìëþ»
51P ÌÒÇ îò ìåæäóôàçíûõ ÊÇ
51N ÌÒÇ íåéòðàëè
50 Òîêîâàÿ îòñå÷êà (îáùåå
ïðåäñòàâëåíèå) îò âñåõ âèäîâ
ÊÇ.
Ýòî çàùèòà, ñðàáàòûâàþùàÿ
ìãíîâåííî ïðè ïîâûøåííîì
çíà÷åíèè òîêà.
50G Òîêîâàÿ îòñå÷êà îò çàìûêàíèÿ
íà «çåìëþ»
50P Ìåæäóôàçíàÿ òîêîâàÿ îòñå÷êà
50N Òîêîâàÿ îòñå÷êà íåéòðàëè
50_2 Òîêîâàÿ îòñå÷êà îáðàòíîé
ïîñëåäîâàòåëüíîñòè
67 Íàïðàâëåííàÿ òîêîâàÿ çàùèòà
(îáùåå ïðåäñòàâëåíèå) îò âñåõ
âèäîâ ÊÇ
Çàùèòà, ðåàãèðóþùàÿ íà
ïðåâûøåíèå óñòàâêè òîêà
îïðåäåëåííîãî íàïðàâëåíèÿ
67N Íàïðàâëåííàÿ ÌÒÇ íåéòðàëè
67P Íàïðàâëåííàÿ ÌÒÇ îò
ìåæäóôàçíûõ ÊÇ
67_2 Íàïðàâëåííàÿ ÌÒÇ îáðàòíîé
ïîñëåäîâàòåëüíîñòè
Äèñòàíöèîííàÿ çàùèòà
21 Äèñòàíöèîííàÿ çàùèòà (îò âñåõ
âèäîâ ÊÇ)
Çàùèòà – îñíîâàííàÿ íà èçìåíåíèè
ñîîòíîøåíèÿ òîêà è íàïðÿæåíèÿ
ïðè ÊÇ íà ëèíèè (ðåëå
ñîïðîòèâëåíèÿ)
21G Äèñòàíöèîííàÿ çàùèòà îò
çàìûêàíèÿ íà çåìëþ
21P Äèñòàíöèîííàÿ çàùèòà îò
ìåæäóôàçíûõ ÊÇ
Çàùèòà ïî íàïðÿæåíèþ
ÎÎÎ «ÝÊÑÏÅÐÒÝÍÅÐÃλ
124
IEEE Íàèìåíîâàíèå ôóíêöèè Êðàòêèå êîììåíòàðèè
27 Çàùèòà ìèíèìàëüíîãî
íàïðÿæåíèÿ
Ñðàáàòûâàåò ïðè óìåíüøåíèè
íàïðÿæåíèÿ ìåíüøå óñòàíîâëåííîé
âåëè÷èíû
27P Çàùèòà îò ìåæäóôàçíîãî
ìèíèìàëüíîãî íàïðÿæåíèÿ
27G Çàùèòà îò ìèíèìàëüíîãî
íàïðÿæåíèÿ ìåæäó ôàçàìè è
«çåìëåé»
59 Çàùèòà ìàêñèìàëüíîãî
íàïðÿæåíèÿ
Çàùèòà, êîòîðàÿ ñðàáàòûâàåò, åñëè
âõîäíîå íàïðÿæåíèå âûøå
çàäàííîé âåëè÷èíû.
59P Çàùèòà îò ìåæäóôàçíîãî
ìàêñèìàëüíîãî íàïðÿæåíèÿ
59N Çàùèòà îò ìàêñèìàëüíîãî
íàïðÿæåíèÿ íóëåâîé
ïîñëåäîâàòåëüíîñòè
59_2 Çàùèòà îò ìàêñèìàëüíîãî
íàïðÿæåíèÿ îáðàòíîé
ïîñëåäîâàòåëüíîñòè
Çàùèòà ïî ÷àñòîòå
81 Çàùèòà ïî ÷àñòîòå Ðåàãèðóåò íà èçìåíåíèå ÷àñòîòû
íàïðÿæåíèÿ âûøå èëè íèæå
óñòàíîâëåííûõ ïðåäåëîâ
81U Çàùèòà îò ïîíèæåíèÿ ÷àñòîòû
81O Çàùèòà îò ïîâûøåíèÿ ÷àñòîòû
Äèôôåðåíöèàëüíàÿ çàùèòà
87 Äèôôåðåíöèàëüíî-ôàçíàÿ
çàùèòà
Çàùèòà, ðåàãèðóþùàÿ íà ðàçíîñòü â
êîëè÷åñòâåííûõ õàðàêòåðèñòèêàõ
ìåæäó äâóìÿ âåëè÷èíàìè (ìåæäó
äâóìÿ òîêàìè).
Ïðî÷èå ôóíêöèè óñòðîéñòâ çàùèòû
78 Çàùèòà îò âûïàäåíèÿ èç
ñèíõðîíèçìà
Çàùèòà, êîòîðàÿ ðàáîòàåò ïðè
îïðåäåëåííîì ôàçîâîì óãëå ìåæäó
äâóìÿ íàïðÿæåíèÿìè, ìåæäó äâóìÿ
òîêàìè èëè ìåæäó íàïðÿæåíèåì è
òîêîì.
37 Çàùèòà ìèíèìàëüíîãî òîêà èëè
ìèíèìàëüíîé ìîùíîñòè
Äåéñòâóåò êîãäà çíà÷åíèå âåëè÷èíû
òîêà èëè ïîòîêà ìîùíîñòè ïàäàåò
íèæå çàäàííîãî ïðåäåëà.
49 Òåïëîâàÿ çàùèòà Çàùèòà îò ïðåâûøåíèÿ
òåìïåðàòóðû ýëåêòðè÷åñêîé
ìàøèíû (ãåíåðàòîðà, äâèãàòåëÿ èëè
òðàíñôîðìàòîðà)
68 Áëîêèðîâêà îò êà÷àíèé Ôóíêöèè áëîêèðîâàíèÿ çàùèò ïðè
êà÷àíèÿõ ìîùíîñòè â ñèñòåìå
Êîíòðîëü èçîëÿöèè ââîäà Ôóíêöèÿ êîíòðîëÿ èçîëÿöèè ââîäîâ
âûñîêîâîëüòíîãî îáîðóäîâàíèÿ (òð-
ðîâ, âûêëþ÷àòåëåé)
32 Íàïðàâëåííàÿ çàùèòà ìîùíîñòè Çàùèòà, êîòîðàÿ ñðàáàòûâàåò ïðè
ïðåâûøåíèè èëè ïîíèæåíèå
ìîùíîñòè â îïðåäåëåííîì
íàïðàâëåíèè
ÎÎÎ «ÝÊÑÏÅÐÒÝÍÅÐÃλ
125
IEEE Íàèìåíîâàíèå ôóíêöèè Êðàòêèå êîììåíòàðèè
25 Êîíòðîëü ñèíõðîíèçìà Óñòðîéñòâî, êîíòðîëèðóþùåå
ñîîòíîøåíèå íàïðÿæåíèé, ÷àñòîòû
èëè ôàçîâîãî óãëà äâóõ
êîíòðîëèðóåìûõ ó÷àñòêîâ, ÷òî
ïîçâîëÿåò ñîåäèíÿòü êîíòóðû íå
íàðóøàÿ óñòîé÷èâîñòè ñèñòåìû
Ôóíêöèè àâòîìàòèêè
79 ÀÏÂ (ÒÀÏÂ)
Àâòîìàòè÷åñêîå ïîâòîðíîå
âêëþ÷åíèå (Òðåõôàçíîå ÀÏÂ) –
ôóíêöèÿ îáåñïå÷èâàåò âêëþ÷åíèå
âûêëþ÷àòåëÿ ñ íåêîòîðîé
âûäåðæêîé âðåìåíè ïîñëå
îòêëþ÷åíèÿ ïðèñîåäèíåíèÿ îò
çàùèò. Áûâàåò êàê îäíîêðàòíûì, òàê
è ìíîãîêðàòíûì. Óñòàâêè âðåìåíè
çàùèò ïîñëå êàæäîãî
ïîñëåäóþùåãî ÀÏÂ äîëæíû
óìåíüøàòüñÿ.
77 Òåëåèçìåðèòåëüíîå óñòðîéñòâî Ýòî ïåðåäàò÷èê, êîòîðûé
èñïîëüçóåòñÿ äëÿ âûðàáîòêè è
ïåðåäà÷è íà ðàññòîÿíèè
ýëåêòðè÷åñêîãî ñèãíàëà,
ïðåäñòàâëÿþùåãî èçìåðåííóþ
âåëè÷èíó, èëè ïðèåìíèê äëÿ ïðèåìà
ýëåêòðè÷åñêîãî ñèãíàëà îò
óäàëåííîãî ïåðåäàò÷èêà è
ïðåîáðàçóþùåãî ñèãíàë äëÿ
ïðåäñòàâëåíèÿ èñõîäíîé
èçìåðåííîé âåëè÷èíû
Ïðè ðàçðàáîòêå êîðïîðàòèâíîãî ñòàíäàðòà öèôðîâûå îáîçíà÷åíèÿ ìîæíî
ðàñøèðèòü, èñïîëüçóÿ ïðè ýòîì çíà÷åíèÿ, íå îõâàòûâàåìûå ñòàíäàðòîì IEEE C37.2.
Âàæíûì ñâîéñòâîì áóêâåííî-öèôðîâûõ îáîçíà÷åíèé ÿâëÿåòñÿ âîçìîæíîñòü èõ
àâòîìàòèçèðîâàííîãî õðàíåíèÿ è îáðàáîòêè ñðåäñòâàìè ÑÓÁÄ, ÷òî îòêðûâàåò
äîïîëíèòåëüíûå âîçìîæíîñòè ïîâûøåíèÿ êà÷åñòâà àâòîìàòèçàöèè ïðîöåññîâ
òåõíîëîãè÷åñêîãî óïðàâëåíèÿ ýíåðãåòè÷åñêèìè îáúåêòàìè.
Ïðèìåíåíèå ñòàíäàðòà IEEE/ANSI C37.2-1996 íå îòìåíÿåò èñïîëüçîâàíèå
ãðàôè÷åñêîãî ïðåäñòàâëåíèÿ ôóíêöèîíàëüíûõ ñõåì â ñîîòâåòñòâèè ñ ÃÎÑÒ 2.767-
89 (ÌÝÊ 60617). Äàííîå ïðåäñòàâëåíèå ðåêîìåíäóåòñÿ èñïîëüçîâàòü â òåõíè÷åñêîé
äîêóìåíòàöèè. Èñïîëüçóÿ òàáëèöû ñîîòâåòñòâèÿ, ïðèìåð êîòîðîé ïðèâåäåí íèæå
(
Òàáëèöà 28), ìîæíî áóäåò ëåãêî ïðåîáðàçîâûâàòü îäíè ïðåäñòàâëåíèÿ â äðóãèå.
Òàáëèöà 28 - Ñîîòâåòñòâèå öèôðîâûõ è ãðàôè÷åñêèõ îáîçíà÷åíèé
Îïèñàíèå ôóíêöèè Êîä ANSI
ÃÎÑÒ 2.767
(IEC 60617)
Distance relay
Äèñòàíöèîííîå ðåëå
21
Overtemperature relay
Ðåëå êîíòðîëÿ òåìïåðàòóðû
26
ÎÎÎ «ÝÊÑÏÅÐÒÝÍÅÐÃλ
126
Îïèñàíèå ôóíêöèè Êîä ANSI
ÃÎÑÒ 2.767
(IEC 60617)
Undervoltage relay
Ðåëå ìèíèìàëüíîãî íàïðÿæåíèÿ
27
Directional overpower relay
Íàïðàâëåííàÿ çàùèòà ïî ìîùíîñòè
32
Underpower relay
Çàùèòà ìèíèìàëüíîé ìîùíîñòè
37
Undercurrent relay
Çàùèòà ìèíèìàëüíîãî òîêà
37
Negative sequence relay
Òîêîâîå ðåëå îáðàòíîé ïîñëåäîâàòåëüíîñòè
46
Negative sequence voltage relay
Ðåëå íàïðÿæåíèÿ îáðàòíîé ïîñëåäîâàòåëüíîñòè
47
Thermal relay
Òåðìîðåëå
49
Instantaneous overcurrent relay
Òîêîâàÿ çàùèòà ìãíîâåííîãî äåéñòâèÿ
50
Inverse time overcurrent relay
Ìàêñèìàëüíàÿ òîêîâàÿ çàùèòà
51
Inverse time earth fault overcurrent relay
ÌÒÇ îò çàìûêàíèÿ íà «çåìëþ»
51G
Definite time earth fault overcurrent relay
ÌÒÇ íåéòðàëè
51N
Power factor relay
Ðåëå êîýôôèöèåíòà ìîùíîñòè
55
Overvoltage relay
Çàùèòà ìàêñèìàëüíîãî íàïðÿæåíèÿ
59
Neutral point displacement relay
Çàùèòà îò ìàêñèìàëüíîãî íàïðÿæåíèÿ
íóëåâîé ïîñëåäîâàòåëüíîñòè
59N
Earth-fault relay
Ðåëå êîíòðîëÿ çàçåìëåíèÿ
64
ÎÎÎ «ÝÊÑÏÅÐÒÝÍÅÐÃλ
127
Îïèñàíèå ôóíêöèè Êîä ANSI
ÃÎÑÒ 2.767
(IEC 60617)
Directional overcurrent relay
Íàïðàâëåííîå ðåëå ïåðåìåííîãî òîêà
67
Directional earth fault relay
Íàïðàâëåííàÿ ÌÒÇ íåéòðàëè
67N
Phase angle relay
Ðåëå ñäâèãà ôàç
78
Autoreclose relay
ÀÏÂ
79
Underfrequency relay
Çàùèòà îò ïîíèæåíèÿ ÷àñòîòû
81U
Overfrequency relay
Çàùèòà îò ïîâûøåíèÿ ÷àñòîòû
81O
Differential relay
Äèôôåðåíöèàëüíîå ðåëå
87
Ãèáêîñòü ñèñòåìû íîìåðîâ ôóíêöèé çíà÷èòåëüíî óâåëè÷èâàåòñÿ ïðè
èñïîëüçîâàíèè áóêâåííî-öèôðîâûõ ïðåôèêñîâ è ñóôôèêñîâ.
6.1.1 Äîáàâëåíèå ïðåôèêñîâ è ñóôôèêñîâ
Áóêâåííûå è öèôðîâûå ñèìâîëû ìîãóò áûòü èñïîëüçîâàíû â êà÷åñòâå ïðåôèêñîâ
èëè ñóôôèêñîâ íîìåðîâ ôóíêöèé óñòðîéñòâà äëÿ áîëüøåé èíäèâèäóàëèçàöèè
ôóíêöèè, êàê ðàññìàòðèâàåòñÿ íèæå. Îíè ïîçâîëÿþò âî ìíîãî ðàç óâåëè÷èâàòü
âîçìîæíûå îáîçíà÷åíèÿ ôóíêöèé äëÿ áîëüøîãî ÷èñëà è ðàçëè÷íîé íîìåíêëàòóðû
óñòðîéñòâ, ïðèìåíÿåìûõ âî ìíîãèõ òèïàõ îáîðóäîâàíèÿ, ðàññìàòðèâàåìîãî â
íàñòîÿùåì ñòàíäàðòå. Îíè ìîãóò òàêæå ñëóæèòü äëÿ îáîçíà÷åíèÿ èíäèâèäóàëüíûõ
èëè ñïåöèàëüíûõ ÷àñòåé èëè âñïîìîãàòåëüíûõ êîíòàêòîâ ýòèõ óñòðîéñòâ èëè
îïðåäåëåííûõ îòëè÷èòåëüíûõ ïðèçíàêîâ, õàðàêòåðèñòèê èëè óñëîâèé, êîòîðûå
îïèñûâàþò ïðèìåíåíèå óñòðîéñòâà èëè åãî êîíòàêòîâ â îáîðóäîâàíèè.
Îäíàêî ïðåôèêñû è ñóôôèêñû äîëæíû ïðèìåíÿòüñÿ òîëüêî â òåõ ñëó÷àÿõ, êîãäà
îíè âûïîëíÿþò îïðåäåëåííóþ çàäà÷ó. Íàïðèìåð, åñëè âñå óñòðîéñòâà â íåêîé
åäèíèöå îáîðóäîâàíèÿ àññîöèèðóþòñÿ òîëüêî ñ îäíèì òèïîì àïïàðàòà, òàêèì êàê,
ïèòàþùàÿ ëèíèÿ, äâèãàòåëü èëè ãåíåðàòîð, îáùåïðèíÿòîé ïðàêòèêîé ÿâëÿåòñÿ íå
ïðèáàâëÿòü áóêâåííûé ñóôôèêñ F, M èëè G íè ê êàêîìó íîìåðó ôóíêöèè
óñòðîéñòâà äëÿ ñîõðàíåíèÿ ìàêñèìàëüíîé ïðîñòîòû â îïðåäåëåíèè ôóíêöèè
óñòðîéñòâà.
Âî èçáåæàíèå ëþáîãî âîçìîæíîãî êîíôëèêòà èëè ïóòàíèöû êàæäûé áóêâåííûé
ñóôôèêñ äîëæåí ïðåäïî÷òèòåëüíî èìåòü òîëüêî îäíî çíà÷åíèå â èíäèâèäóàëüíûõ
åäèíèöàõ îáîðóäîâàíèÿ. Äëÿ ýòîé öåëè â êà÷åñòâå áóêâåííûõ ñóôôèêñîâ ìîãóò,
ïðè íåîáõîäèìîñòè, èñïîëüçîâàòüñÿ òàêæå êîðîòêèå õàðàêòåðíûå àááðåâèàòóðû,
ïîäîáíûå òåì, êîòîðûå óêàçàíû â ASMEY1.1-1989 (Ïðèëîæåíèå 3), èëè ëþáûå
ïîäõîäÿùèå ñî÷åòàíèÿ áóêâ. Îäíàêî, äëÿ òîãî, ÷òîáû ìàêñèìàëüíî ñîêðàòèòü è
óïðîñòèòü ïîëíîå îáîçíà÷åíèå ôóíêöèè ëþáîé ñóôôèêñ íå ìîæåò ñîäåðæàòü
áîëåå òðåõ (è ïðåäïî÷òèòåëüíî, íå áîëåå äâóõ) áóêâåííûõ ñèìâîëîâ.
ÎÎÎ «ÝÊÑÏÅÐÒÝÍÅÐÃλ
128
 òåõ ñëó÷àÿõ, êîãäà îäèí è òîò æå ñóôôèêñ, ñîñòîÿùèé èç îäíîé áóêâû èëè
ñî÷åòàíèÿ áóêâ, èìååò ðàçëè÷íûå çíà÷åíèÿ â îäíîì è òîì æå îáîðóäîâàíèè â
çàâèñèìîñòè îò íîìåðà ôóíêöèè óñòðîéñòâà, ñ êîòîðûì îí èñïîëüçóåòñÿ, â êàæäîì
îòäåëüíîì ñëó÷àå ïîëíûé íîìåð ôóíêöèè óñòðîéñòâà ñ áóêâåííûì îáîçíà÷åíèåì,
ñîñòîÿùåì èç îäíîé èëè íåñêîëüêèõ áóêâ è ñîîòâåòñòâóþùèì îïðåäåëåíèåì
ôóíêöèè, äîëæåí áûòü âíåñåí â ñïèñîê óñëîâíûõ îáîçíà÷åíèé, íàïðèìåð, 63V-
âàêóóìíîå ðåëå, 70R-ïîâûøàþùåå ðåëå äëÿ óñòðîéñòâà 70, 90V-ðåãóëÿòîð
íàïðÿæåíèÿ.
Öåëåñîîáðàçíî âìåñòå ñ òåðìèíàìè è îïðåäåëåíèÿìè ñòàíäàðòèçîâàòü óñòîÿâøèåñÿ
â Ðîññèéñêîé ýíåðãåòèêå àááðåâèàòóðû.
6.1.2 Ðåêîìåíäîâàííûå ïðåôèêñû
Äëÿ îáîçíà÷åíèÿ ïðîìåæóòî÷íûõ ðåëå, ðàáîòà êîòîðûõ óïðàâëÿåòñÿ íàïðÿìóþ ñ
äèñïåò÷åðñêîé ñèñòåìû ìîæåò áûòü èñïîëüçîâàí àíàëîãè÷íûé ðÿä öèôðîâûõ
ñèìâîëîâ ñ áóêâåííûì ïðåôèêñîì RE (óäàëåííûé). Òèïè÷íûìè ïðèìåðàìè òàêèõ
ôóíêöèé ÿâëÿþòñÿ RE1, RES è RE94.
 êîìïëåêñíûõ óñòàíîâêàõ áûâàåò æåëàòåëüíî èñïîëüçîâàòü íîìåð ïðåôèêñà äëÿ
ðàñïîçíàâàíèÿ ôóíêöèé óñòðîéñòâà, àññîöèèðóþùèõñÿ ñ îòäåëüíûìè
êîìïîíåíòàìè. Íàïðèìåð, â íàñîñíîé ñòàíöèè íà òðóáîïðîâîäå íîìåðà ñ 1 ïî 99
ïðèìåíÿþòñÿ ê ôóíêöèÿì óñòðîéñòâà, àññîöèèðóþùèìèñÿ ñ ðàáîòîé âñåé ñòàíöèè.
Àíàëîãè÷íûé ðÿä öèôðîâûõ ñèìâîëîâ, íà÷èíàþùèõñÿ íå ñ 1 , à ñî 101,
ïðèìåíÿåòñÿ äëÿ òåõ ôóíêöèé óñòðîéñòâà, êîòîðûå àññîöèèðóþòñÿ ñ êîìïîíåíòîì
1, àíàëîãè÷íûé ðÿä, íà÷èíàþùèéñÿ ñ 201, îáîçíà÷àåò ôóíêöèè óñòðîéñòâ, êîòîðûå
àññîöèèðóþòñÿ ñ êîìïîíåíòîì 2 è òàê äàëåå äëÿ êàæäîãî êîìïîíåíòà â ýòèõ
óñòàíîâêàõ.
6.1.3 Ðåêîìåíäîâàííûå áóêâåííûå ñóôôèêñû
Íèæå ïðèâåäåíû íàèáîëåå ÷àñòî óïîòðåáëÿåìûå áóêâåííûå ñèìâîëû, êîòîðûå
ðåêîìåíäîâàíû äëÿ ïðèìåíåíèÿ ïî ìåðå íàäîáíîñòè è íåîáõîäèìîñòè.
6.1.3.1 Âñïîìîãàòåëüíûå óñòðîéñòâà
Ïðèâåäåííûå áóêâåííûå ñèìâîëû îáîçíà÷àþò îòäåëüíûå âñïîìîãàòåëüíûå
óñòðîéñòâà ñëåäóþùèì îáðàçîì:
C Çàìûêàþùåå ðåëå/êîíòàêòîð
CL Ïðîìåæóòî÷íîå ðåëå, âêëþ÷åííîå ïîëîæåíèå (â âîçáóæäåííîì
ñîñòîÿíèè, åñëè ãëàâíîå óñòðîéñòâî íàõîäèòñÿ â ïîëîæåíèè
«âêëþ÷åíî»)
CS Óïðàâëÿþùèé ïåðåêëþ÷àòåëü
D Ïåðåêëþ÷àþùåå ðåëå â «íèæíåì» ïîëîæåíèè
L Ïîíèæàþùåå ðåëå
O Îòêëþ÷àþùåå ðåëå/êîíòàêòîð
OP Ïðîìåæóòî÷íîå ðåëå, îòêëþ÷åííîå ïîëîæåíèå (â
âîçáóæäåííîì ñîñòîÿíèè, åñëè ãëàâíîå óñòðîéñòâî íàõîäèòñÿ â
ïîëîæåíèè «îòêëþ÷åíî»)
PB Íàæèìíàÿ êíîïêà
R Ïîâûøàþùåå ðåëå
U Ïåðåêëþ÷àþùåå ðåëå â «âåðõíåì» ïîëîæåíèè
X Ïðîìåæóòî÷íîå ðåëå
Y Ïðîìåæóòî÷íîå ðåëå
Z Ïðîìåæóòî÷íîå ðåëå
Ïðèìå÷àíèå: ïðè óïðàâëåíèè àâòîìàòè÷åñêèì âûêëþ÷àòåëåì ïî, òàê íàçûâàåìîé,
X-Y ñõåìå óïðàâëåíèÿ ðåëå, Õ - ðåëå - ýòî óñòðîéñòâî, ãëàâíûå êîíòàêòû êîòîðîãî
ñëóæàò äëÿ âîçáóæäåíèÿ çàìûêàþùåé êàòóøêè, èëè óñòðîéñòâî, êîòîðîå èíûì