Paterson J. A Dictionary of Colour - A Lexicon of the Language of Colour (анг. яз.)

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a luteo-virescent

Greenish yellow.

n luteolin

The yellow colouring matter of Reseda luteola or weld.

a luteolous

An orangey-yellow.

a luteous

Having a deep reddish yellow; golden yellow.

a lutescent

Tending towards yellow.

n lux

A unit of illumination being 0.0929 candles; a measure of light equivalent to the

light from one lighted candle. See lumen and phot.

n luxmeter

An instrument used for the measurement of brightness.

su -ly

See -y.

c lychee

Brown ‘Parisian art shade’.

n lycopene

An antioxidant pigment which gives tomatoes their red colour and which can

help to reduce cancer and heart disease. Processing lycopene breaks up the cells

making it easier for the body to absorb thus possibly making tomato sauce and

tomato purée more healthy than raw tomatoes. Also gives colour to watermelons,

apricots, pink grapefruits and guavas. One of the E-numbers (E160(d)) providing

a red colouring agent for food.

n lymnato

An irregular decorative effect from a continuous ﬂow of paint onto a surface

produced by means of a paint spray gun.

c mackerel blue

A silvery greenish blue.

n mackle

A blurred print occurring in the printing process.

vb mackle; to

To spot; to cause print to become blurred.

n macula, macule

A patch of colour, particularly, in anatomy or pathology. The dark spots on the

sun’s surface. See facula.

vb maculate; to

To stain.

n maculation

A series of spots particularly or stains on plants and animals.

n madder

An ancient bright natural red dye from the plant Rubia tinctorum used in Egyptian

tombs and brought to Europe at the time of the crusades; colour from madder

dyes or pigments; frequently used with a deﬁning word, for example, crimson

244 A DICTIONARY OF COLOUR

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madder (Turkey red), madder black, madder brown and madder rose. Efforts

were made in 1755 to encourage the cultivation of madder in England so as to

reduce reliance on imports. The production of madder virtually ceased after the

discovery of synthetic alizarin in 1863.

c madder lake

A beautiful red pigment made from root of the madder plant which is added

to an inert substrate (such as alum) by a process known as ‘laking’ to produce

a substance capable of being ground in oil. Also called rose madder or alizarin.

n maderisation, maderization

The discolouration process whereby, as a result of the absorption of oxygen, white

wine develops a rusty or brownish colour.

c madonna blue

A deep blue.

c Magdala red

Red dye taking its name from a town in Ethiopia.

c Magenta

A violetish colour – one of the 140 colours in the X11 Color Set. It has hex code

#FF00FF.

c magenta

The brilliant crimson aniline dye and colour manufactured from 1860 in London,

and taking its name from the town in Lombardy, Italy where in June 1859 the

French and the Sardinians defeated the Austrians in battle and so called to

commemorate that battle. Called fuchsine in French and also called aniline red,

roseine and rosaniline.

n magnetite

An iron ore producing a black or dark brown pigment.

c magnolia

The pale pink off-white colour of magnolia blossom.

c mahogany

The reddish-brown of mahogany wood when polished.

adjective a

adverb adv

a colour c

noun n

preﬁx pr

sufﬁx su

verb vb

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n mail

A speck on a bird’s feather or on cloth particularly as caused by ironing it.

c mail box red

The US equivalent of pillar-box red – a distinctive bright red colour.

c maise

An orangey-yellow.

c maize

Sometimes a bright yellow; also a pale yellow used to describe dress fabric. Also

called sun yellow.

n make-up

Cosmetics used mainly to adorn the face.

n malachite

A very old bright green pigment or dye from the mineral of the same name. Also

referred to as green malachite and mineral green. Its synthetic form is called

Bremen green.

c malachite green

A bright green; a yellowish green; a dark green. A toxic and possibly carcinogenic

and mutagenic chemical used to protect farmed salmon from fungal infection

but banned in Britain since 2002 (and since 1991 in the US). See malachite.

n malillumination

Light deprivation.

c mallard blue

A medium clear blue colour.

c mallow

Reddish-purple.

c mallows (mallow) red

A deep crimson or purplish red.

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c Maltese

A bluish-grey colour.

n Manchester yellow

A yellow dye produced from Napthalin.

c Mandarin

A strong yellow.

c Mandarin orange

A reddish yellow. Also ‘Mandarin red’.

n mandorla

An almond-shaped halo of light enclosing any sacred ﬁgure. See aureole and

nimbus.

a manganese

Those colours derived from manganese or manganate of barium.

n manganese

A mineral dyestuff producing black.

c manganese blue

A blue ﬁrst produced in the 19th century and made synthetically in 1935 from

copper phthalocyanine.

c manganese violet

Introduced in 1868 as a less toxic alternative to cobalt violet and also referred

to as ‘Nuremberg violet’.

c mango

The brownish orange colour of the mango fruit.

n mangostin

A yellow pigment from the mangosteen tree.

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c manilla

A pale yellowy brown – the colour of manilla paper, that is, paper made from

Manilla hemp. Hence ‘manilla envelopes’.

a many-coloured

Multi-coloured.

c maple

An orangey-yellow.

n maquillage

The application of face make-up.

vb marbleize; to

To colour something so as to give it the appearance of marble.

n marbling

A broken colour effect produced by manipulating paint and other decorative

applications on a surface to create the impression of a marble ﬁnish.

a margaric

Having the lustre of pearl.

a margaritaceous

Pearly.

c marigold

The orange-yellow colour of the ﬂower, marigold.

c Marina green

A shade of green the ﬁrst recorded use of which was in 1935.

c marine blue

A dark blue – the colour of the Royal Marines’ uniform.

n mark-white

The bull’s-eye on a target board.

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c marmalade

Of the colour of marmalade. Fowler’s English Usage says this was ﬁrst used as

a colour in 1926.

a marmorated

Variegated like marble.

c maroon

A brownish crimson; from the French marron, chestnut. Perhaps in turn from

armon, Hebrew for chestnut. According to a survey reported in The Sunday Times

of 24.5.98 houses with maroon (or black) front doors are the least likely to be

burgled! According to a Cheltenham & Gloucester survey in February 2003 the

most effective front door colour to advance the sale of your home is blue, followed

by red, white, black and green. The front door colour which is least effective for

this purpose is yellow.

c Maroon

One of the colours in the X11 Color Set. It has hex code #800000.

n marquetry

The art form consisting in the inlaying of small pieces of different kinds of wood

to produce a picture or pattern of different colours.

c marron glace

A pale yellowy-brown.

a Mars

Describing colours made from earths containing iron oxide such as Mars brown,

Mars orange, Mars red, Mars violet and Mars yellow.

c Mars brown

A dark brown.

c Mars orange

A reddish orange.

c Mars red

A pigment made from red iron oxide.

adjective a

adverb adv

a colour c

noun n

preﬁx pr

sufﬁx su

verb vb

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c Mars violet

A brownish violet.

c Mars yellow

A synthetic iron oxide pigment ﬁrst made in the 1920’s and having an orangey-

yellow colour.

n mascara

A cosmetic applied to eyelashes to darken or colour them.

n massicot

An ancient yellow pigment made from heating lead monoxide. Also referred

to as litharge and sometimes giallorino. An olivy green. See red lead.

n masstone, mass tone

The full-strength colour of a pigment as it appears from the tube or the pile of

paint in its undiluted solid form – in contrast to a halftone, undertone or tint.

Masstone is sometimes also referred to ‘top tone’ or ‘body colour’. Some paints

and inks appear to have a different colour once applied. Also used to refer to

the application of a colour which completely obscures a background.

c mastic

A pale olive brown. The pale yellow colour of mastich – a gum from the tree of

the same name.

n matching colour or colours

Colours harmonising with or bearing a similarity to each other; colours of a similar

shade.

c matelot blue

A deep blue.

n matt

A non-glossy ﬁnish as regards paint or photographs.

c matt gold

Particularly as regards glass gilding, those areas of gold which have a matt ﬁnish

in contrast to burnished gold areas.

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pr mauro-, mavro- (G)

Dark, black.

c mauve

Lavender-coloured; reddish-bluish-purple; initially called aniline purple or

Perkin’s mauve after William Perkin who discovered the dye in 1856. It took the

name mauve in France after the purple streaks in the mallow ﬂower which is called

mauve in French.

n mauveine

Perkin’s early mauve dye – see Perkin’s mauve; the base of aniline purple (see

mauve).

c mauvette

A violet, purple or purplish pink.

c Maya blue

An ancient blue based on indigo used by the Central American Mayan

civilization.

c mazarine blue

A dark rich blue; possibly derived, says Partridge, from Cardinal Mazarin (1602-

1661) who became Prime Minister of France after Richelieu.

n medium

The liquid or binder with which pigment is mixed to constitute paint and which

serves to allow the paint to be applied to and to remain on the surface or colour

ground.

c MediumAquamarine

One of the 140 colours in the X11 Color Set. It has hex code #66CDAA.

c MediumBlue

One of the colours in the X11 Color Set. It has hex code #0000CD.

c MediumOrchid

One of the colours in the X11 Color Set. It has hex code #BA55D3.

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c MediumPurple

One of the colours in the X11 Color Set. It has hex code #9370DB.

c MediumSeaGreen

One of the colours in the X11 Color Set. It has hex code #3CB371.

c MediumSlateBlue

One of the colours in the X11 Color Set. It has hex code #7B68EE.

c MediumSpringGreen

Another of the colours in the X11 Color Set. It has hex code #00FA9A.

c MediumTurquoise

One of the colours in the X11 Color Set. It has hex code #48D1CC.

c MediumVioletRed

One of the colours in the X11 Color Set. It has hex code #C71585.

a medley

Variegated.

n megilp

A mixture often of linseed oil and turpentine used as a vehicle for oil colours as

well as watercolours to make them easier to work with. The entry in Fairholt’s

Dictionary of Art, 1854 gives the term 24 different spellings.

pr melan-, melano- (G)

Black, dark.

n melancholy

Depression or sadness. In medieval times it was thought that our moods were

determined by the four humours, namely, phlegm, blood, choler and black bile

– melancholy (from the last of these) indicating a sombre mood.

a Melanesian

Relating to the people of Melanesia – the islands in the Paciﬁc- and so called because

of the dark complexion of its islanders. From the root melan-.