Paterson J. A Dictionary of Colour - A Lexicon of the Language of Colour (анг. яз.)
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adv greyly
With a grey appearance.
n grey market
A less extreme variety of a black market; also the population of senior citizens.
n grey matter
Brain power or intelligence referring to the grey tissue at the centre of the central
nervous system.
n greyout
The condition where astronauts and airline pilots suffer a temporary loss or
deficiency in their vision due to an inadequacy of oxygen. So called because the
occurrence is less severe than a blackout.
n grey scale
An achromatic scale moving through a successively darker range of greys from
white to dark grey and used to compare colours. The scale devised by Wilhelm
Ostwald (see colour wheel) showing that the increment required to produce an
even progression of grey is to double the absorption value at each step.
c greystone
An olive grey.
n grey vote
The collective vote of pensioners. ‘The government will attempt to win back crucial
grey votes’…by promising a £2- a week increase in the basic pension’. Also
‘greying’, the process whereby the proportion of retired persons in the
community increases.
c gridelin
Violet grey; greyish-violet. From the French gris-de lin (grey
of flax). Also a mixture of red and white.
c gris
Grey.
adjective a
adverb adv
a colour c
noun n
prefix pr
suffix su
verb vb
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n grisaille
A painting or technique of painting using only shades of grey. An underpainting
or sketch in grey made in preparation of a full-colour painting.
pr grise- (L)
Grey.
a griseous
Bluish-grey.
c grizzle
Grey.
vb grizzle; to
To make something grey; also as a noun – grey hair or hair which has grey streaks;
a grey wig.
a grizzled, grizzly
Grey; greyish; streaked with grey.
c grotto
A strong greeny-blue.
c grotto blue
A vivid greenish blue.
n ground
The surface on which a painting or drawing is worked; the first application of
colour on a painting performing the function of background colour or of a support
for further colour. Perhaps a foreshortening of ‘background’. See colour ground.
n ground colour
The background colour to a design or lettering; the colour of the canvas, wood
or other surface to which paint is to be applied.
c grulla
A greyish-blue colour used to describe horses.
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n guanine
A substance forming part of DNA and a common organic compound in nature.
It is the minute flattened crystals of guanine which reflect light thus causing fish
scales to shimmer in a multitude of different colours.
c Guignet’s green
A bright bluish green patented in 1859 by the chemist C E Guignet and sometimes
referred to as permanent green. See viridian.
c Guimet’s yellow
A yellow used for painting porcelain or enamel.
c Guinea
Having the colour of a gold guinea coin.
c gules
A red colour especially as regards heraldry. See heraldic colours.
c gull
A very old name for a shade of grey.
c guly
Red.
n gum arabic
A binder made from the sap of the Acacia tree (acacia arabica or acacia senegal)
which, in the form of a paste, is mixed with crushed pigment to form watercolours
either as pan colours or tube colours. Also called ‘acacia gum’ and ‘Senegal
gum’.
c gunmetal
The dull blue-grey colour of gunmetal; a dark grey. Also ‘gunmetal blue’.
n gutta
A small spot of colour on the wing of an insect.
a gutté, goutté, goutty, guttée, gutty
Particularly in heraldry, sprinkled with spots of colour.
H
n haem
The dark red constituent of haemoglobin.
n haemachrome
A red pigment in blood such as haemoglobin.
n haematoxylin
A crystalline solution obtained from the logwood tree and providing black, red,
blue, and purple dyes.
pr haemo- (G)
Blood.
n haemocyanin
A blue colouring matter found in the blood of humans.
n haemoglobin
The protein pigment of red blood cells.
n haemosiderin
An ochre yellow pigment responsible for the colour of the liver.
196 A DICTIONARY OF COLOUR
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n hair-dye
Dye which is used to colour hair. In ancient times the Greeks used saffron to
dye their hair. The Romans used vinegar and fermented leeches as a black dye
with the caution to keep oil in the mouth during use to prevent one’s teeth also
going black. Blonde hair was more often the fashion until Elizabeth I created a
move towards red hair. See dissembling colour and tattoo. Some modern hair-
dyes, particularly those containing para-phenylene diamine, are known to be
capable of affecting people who suffer from allergies (and possibly of causing
anaphylactic shock) making it essential to carry out a skin test before use.
Researchers at the University of Southern California have also found that perma-
nent hair-dyes can increase the risk of women getting bladder cancer. Even
semi-permanent hair-dyes (especially those in dark colours) have been linked
with an increased risk of certain cancers.
n half-colour
Indicating someone who is half-way towards obtaining his full colours.
n half-light
A dim light – especially around the time of dawn and dusk.
n half-shade
In painting, a shade of colour one half of the extreme colour.
n half-tint
Intermediate tone between light and dark.
n half-tone
Representing light and shade; a tone midway between extreme light and
extreme shade.
a hand-dyed
Dyed by hand rather than by some mechanical process.
c han green
A shade of green introduced in the 1980’s. Perhaps deriving its
name from the Han Dynasty of China from 206 BC to 221 AD.
adjective a
adverb adv
a colour c
noun n
prefix pr
suffix su
verb vb
198 A DICTIONARY OF COLOUR
c Hansa yellow
An organic bright yellow pigment. Also ‘Hansa yellow light’ – a light yellow –
both made from Arylide yellow.
n hard colours
See warm colours.
a harlequin
Variously coloured; parti-coloured; variegated. Usually in outlandish colours.
c harmala red
A red colouring agent from the harmala or harmel plant.
n harmonious colours
See harmony.
n harmony
Colours are said to be in harmony when their juxtapostion produces a satisfying
unity or balance to the viewer. Colour harmonies can be created by using two or
more shades of the same hue (a monochromatic harmony) or using different colours
(polychromatic harmony). Colours next to or close to each other on the colour
wheel are harmonious. See also contrasting colours and composite colours.
c Hatchett’s brown
A copper colour. See Florentine brown.
n hatching
The process and result of drawing parallel lines on a map or design; variations
in the form of hatching are used, particularly in heraldry, to indicate different
colours. See heraldic colours.
c havana
A dark shade of brown resembling Havana cigars and formerly applied to breeds
of brown cats and rabbits. Also ‘havana-brown’.
c hay
A light olive green.
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c hazel
A brown tinged with red.
c heather
Having the speckled purplish-grey-blue colour of heather.
n heat-induced colours
As some heated objects or substances become hotter they pass through
successive stages and change colour. This is an important factor, for example,
in the process of forging and tempering steel where the particular colour of the
heated steel indicates its temperature and the stage it has reached in the process.
Colour charts are used for this purpose. As regards, for example, the forging
and hardening of steel, such charts tell us that white indicates a temperature of
1200 degrees, and move down in stages through yellow, orange, red cherry to
brown-red indicating a temperature of 600 degrees. Polymers that change colour
by reference to heat are being developed at the University of Rhode Island, USA
and have numerous possible applications. Examples include road signs indicating
ice, clothing showing overheating, packaging which indicates the temperature
of food and parts which show overheating on vehicles or trains. Heat sensitive
polymers can be added to plastic, rubber, paint and other substances See also
pyrometer and colour plastic.
a hectic
The flush on the cheek; formerly feverish.
n helianthin
An orange-yellow dye.
c helio
A bright orange.
c helio fast pink
A pink coal-tar pigment similar to rose madder.
c helio fast red
A brilliant red coal-tar lake.
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pre helio- (gk)
Relating to the sun.
n heliochrome
A photograph in natural colours.
n heliotherapy
The use of sunlight to cure disease.
c heliotrope
Bluish-pink or purple from the flower of the same name which means ‘turning
towards the sun’.
n heliotropism
The phenomenon as regards plants of bending towards the light. See
apheliotropism.
n helminthosporin
A maroon-coloured pigment from fungus.
n hemeralopia
Day as opposed to night blindness where objects are seen more clearly when it
becomes darker.
n hemin
A red colouring agent in blood.
c henna
Reddish-brown.
n henna
A dye frequently used as a cosmetic. Usually red, but also brown and black. Derived
from the Arabic al-hinna and al-hannat which is also the root of alkanet. See also
tattoo.
a hepatic
Liver-coloured.
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n heraldic colours
In blazonry (the art of painting heraldic devices) the five main colours (or tinctures)
are, azure (blue), gules (red), sable (black), vert (green), purpure (purple).There
are two other tinctures: tenné (orange) and murrey (reddish purple or sanguine).
In addition, there are the two metals, or (gold) and argent (silver or white). See
Sylvester Petra-Sancta. Also sinople green.
a heterochromatic
Possessing different colours; having more than one colour especially as regards
plants.
n heterochromia
The condition of having organs of different colours where usually they are of the
same colour, particularly as regards the eyes.
c hickory
A dark grey-brown.
n high colour
A ruddy face or complexion.
a high-coloured
Florid; having a rich colouring.
n highlight
The particular point in a painting, drawing or photograph at which an object
appears to reflect the most light.
n highlights
A dyeing procedure involving bleach whereby streaks of hair are given a colour
slightly lighter than the rest of the head. Also referred to as ‘hilites’. See also
lowlights.
a highly-coloured
Having strong or bright colours; having many different colours
or an abundance of colour.
n hinau
A black dye.
adjective a
adverb adv
a colour c
noun n
prefix pr
suffix su
verb vb
202 A DICTIONARY OF COLOUR
a hirsutoatrous
Having black hair.
a hirsutorufous
Red-haired.
c hoar
Greyish-white, especially as regards frost.
c hoary
Grey or white with age.
c holly green
An olive green.
n hologram
A 3-dimensional image produced by the use of lasers.
c homage
A deep ultramarine blue.
c homard
The pinkish-red of the lobster.
a homochromatic
See monochromatic.
c honey
A greyish-yellow; also ‘honey-coloured’.
c honeydew
A yellowy pink; an orangey-pink.
c Honeydew
A pale green colour – one of the colours in the X11 Color Set. It has hex code
#F0FFF0.