Ожигов Ю.С. Квантовые вычисления
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Ψ
Ψ(x, t) x
t
x
[0, 1]
x = 0 x = 0
|0i |1i x = 0
x = 1 Ψ(x)
λ
0
|0i + λ
1
|1i
|0i, |1i
λ
0
λ
1
|0i |1i |λ
0
|
2
|λ
2
|
2
Ψ
|ji j = 0, 1
|λ
j
|
2
|λ
0
|
2
+ |λ
1
|
2
= 1
[0, 1]
|00i |01i |10i |11i
Ψ = λ
0
|00i + λ
1
|01i + λ
2
|10i + λ
3
|11i.
|00i |01i |10i |11i
|λ
0
|
2
|λ
1
|
2
|λ
2
|
2
|λ
3
|
2
|λ
0
|
2
+ |λ
1
|
2
+ |λ
2
|
2
+ |λ
3
|
2
= 1.
|00i |01i |10i |11i
|00i |01i |10i
|11i
n
n 2
n
n
H
1
H
2
e
1
, e
2
, . . . , e
k
h
1
, e
2
, . . . , h
s
e
i
N
e
j
i = 1, 2, . . . , k j = 1, 2, . . . , s
|e
i
e
j
i
H
1
N
H
2
H
1
N
H
2
Ψ
1
∈ H
1
Ψ
2
∈ H
2
N
(λ
0
|0i + λ
1
|1i)
N
(µ
0
|0i + µ
1
|1i) = λ
0
µ
0
|00i+ λ
0
µ
1
|01i + λ
1
µ
0
|10i + λ
1
µ
1
|11i
|00i + |11i
H
|e
1
i, |e
2
i, . . .
|e
j
i
|ξi =
X
j
λ
j
|e
j
i,
λ
j