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(ɌȻɉȼ) ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɨɦ 127 ɦɦ. ɍɝɨɥ ɢɫɤɪɢɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɚɪɶɢɪɨɜɚɥɫɹ ɨɬ 70 ɞɨ 87

Ⱦɨɥɨɬɨ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɥɨɫɶ ɨɬ ɡɚɛɨɹ ɧɚ ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ ɨɬ 24 ɞɨ 14,5 ɦ, ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɜɟɥɢ-

ɱɢɧɚ ɨɫɟɜɨɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ («ɩɨɫɚɞɤɢ – ɡɚɜɢɫɚɧɢɹ» ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɚ) ɧɚɯɨɞɢɥɚɫɶ ɜ

ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɨɬ 4,0 ɞɨ 19 ɤɇ. Ɉɫɟɜɚɹ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɚ ɩɨ ɫɬɚɧɰɢɢ ȽɌɂ (ɝɟɨɥɨɝɨ-

ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ) ɩɪɢ ɛɭɪɟɧɢɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɥɚ 110 ɤɇ, ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɜɟɫ

ɧɚ ɤɪɸɤɟ ɜɚɪɶɢɪɨɜɚɥɫɹ ɨɬ 630 ɤɇ ɞɨ 420 ɤɇ. ɑɚɫɬɨɬɚ ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɪɨɬɨɪɚ ɫɨ-

ɫɬɚɜɥɹɥɚ 80 ɨɛ/ɦɢɧ. Ɇɨɦɟɧɬ ɧɚ ɪɨɬɨɪɟ ɜ ɯɨɥɨɫɬɨɦ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟ-

ɥɹ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɥ 14-18 ɤɇǜɦ. ȼ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɦ ɢ ɬɨɪɦɨɡɧɨɦ ɪɟɠɢɦɚɯ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟ-

ɥɹ ɨɫɟɜɚɹ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɚ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɥɚ 140 ɤɇ, ɚ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɨɬ 19 ɞɨ 28 ɤɇǜɦ. ɋɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ

ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɦ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚɦ ɩɪɢ

f = 0,14 ɦ; d = 0,127 ɦ; F = 0,00365 ɦ

;

=380

Ɇɉɚ;

W = 136,4 ɫɦ

; I = 892,6 ɫɦ

ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ ɨɫɟɜɨɣ ɫɠɢɦɚɸɳɟɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ G,

ɩɪɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɩɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɚɹ ɞɟɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ, ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 194 ɤɇ. ɋɥɟ-

ɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ, ɩɪɢ ɛɭɪɟɧɢɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɨɜ ɜ ɬɪɭɛɚɯ ɩɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɫɬɚɬɨɱ-

ɧɚɹ ɞɟɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ, ɝɞɟ

ɫɭɦ

ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɟɬ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚ ɬɟɤɭɱɟɫɬɢ ɬɪɭɛ

ɩɪɢɜɨɞɹɳɚɹ ɤ ɩɨɬɟɪɟ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ ɤɨɥɨɧɧɵ ɢ ɟɟ ɢɡɝɢɛɭ.

ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ ɬɚɤɠɟ, ɱɬɨ ɛɭɪɢɥɶɧɚɹ ɤɨɥɨɧɧɚ ɜ ɨɛɳɟɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ

ɜɪɚɳɚɬɶɫɹ:

1. ȼɨɤɪɭɝ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɹɦɨɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɣ, ɩɥɨɫɤɨ- ɢɥɢ ɫɩɢɪɚɥɶɧɨ-

ɢɡɨɝɧɭɬɨɣ ɨɫɢ;

2. ȼɨɤɪɭɝ ɨɫɢ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɵ ɫɨ ɫɤɨɥɶɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɨ ɟɟ ɫɬɟɧɤɟ;

3. ȼɨɤɪɭɝ ɨɫɢ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɵ ɫ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɵɦ ɩɟɪɟɤɚɬɵɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɩɨ ɟɟ ɫɬɟɧɤɟ.

ȼ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɛɭɪɟɧɢɹ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɵ ɤɨɦɛɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɦ ɜ ɛɭ-

ɪɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɤɨɥɨɧɧɟ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɬ ɫɬɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ

ɫɬ

ɢ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ

ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟ-

ɧɢɹ ɤɪɭɱɟɧɢɹ

ɞɫɬ



max

, (30)

Ɇɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɤɪɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɜɢɫɹɬ ɨɬ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜ-

ɥɟɧɢɣ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɳɢɯ ɩɪɢ ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɢ ɛɭɪɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɤɨɥɨɧɧɵ, ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɨɞɧɨ-

ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ȼɁȾ.

ɋɭɦɦɚɪɧɵɣ ɤɪɭɬɹɳɢɣ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ, ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɣ ɧɚ ɛɭɪɢɥɶɧɭɸ ɤɨɥɨɧɧɭ

ɜ ɬɨɪɦɨɡɧɨɦ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ȼɁȾ

ɞɨɤɤɬɪɞɪɫɠɪɤɪ

ɆɆɆɆɆɆɆɆ



, (31)

ɋɭɦɦɚɪɧɵɣ ɤɪɭɬɹɳɢɣ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ, ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɣ ɧɚ ɛɭɪɢɥɶɧɭɸ ɤɨɥɨɧɧɭ

ɜ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɦ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ ɢ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ ɯɨɥɨɫɬɨɝɨ ɯɨɞɚ

ɤɬɪɞɪɫɠɪɤɪ

ɆɆɆɆɆ



, (32)

ȼ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ ɜ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ ɯɨɥɨɫɬɨɝɨ ɯɨɞɚ ɢ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɦ

ɪɟɠɢɦɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ «ɛɭɪɢɥɶɧɚɹ ɤɨɥɨɧɧɚ – ɩɨɞɜɢɠɧɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ (ɪɨɬɨɪ-

ɧɚɹ ɝɪɭɩɩɚ)» ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɵ.

Ʉɪɭɬɹɳɢɣ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɪɚɫɬɹɧɭɬɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɤɨɥɨɧɧɵ (ɟɫɥɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɨ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɶ,

ɱɬɨ ɪɚɫɬɹɧɭɬɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɤɨɥɨɧɧɵ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɟ)

 2,9545 , ɇǜɦ.

Ɇɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɚ ɯɨɥɨɫɬɨɟ ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɫɬɹɧɭɬɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɤɨɥɨɧɧɵ ɜ ɜɟɪɬɢ-

ɤɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɟ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɵ (ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ ȼ.ɋ. Ɏɟɞɨɪɨɜɚ)

ɪɯ

lndɋN 

7,12

, (33)

ɝɞɟ

ɋ – ɷɦɩɢɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ, ɡɚɜɢɫɹɳɢɣ ɨɬ ɡɟɧɢɬɧɨɝɨ ɭɝɥɚ

ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɵ;

– ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɛɭɪɨɜɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ, ɤɝ/ɦ

; d – ɧɚɪɭɠɧɵɣ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪ

ɛɭɪɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɬɪɭɛ, ɦ;

n – ɱɚɫɬɨɬɚ ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɛɭɪɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɤɨɥɨɧɧɵ, ɨɛ/ɦɢɧ;

ɫɠɪɪ

lLl  – ɞɥɢɧɚ ɪɚɫɬɹɧɭɬɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɤɨɥɨɧɧɵ; L

– ɞɥɢɧɚ ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ

ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɚ, ɦ;

qQl

ɩɫɠ

– ɞɥɢɧɚ ɫɠɚɬɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɤɨɥɨɧɧɵ (ɩɪɢ ɩɨɫɚɞɤɟ ɢɧɫɬ-

ɪɭɦɟɧɬɚ ɜ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɟ ɧɚɛɨɪɚ ɤɪɢɜɢɡɧɵ), ɦ;

– ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɚ (ɩɨɫɚɞɤɚ ɢɧɫɬɪɭ-

ɦɟɧɬɚ), ɇ; q – ɜɟɫ 1 ɦ ɬɪɭɛ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɫɢɥɵ Ⱥɪɯɢɦɟɞɚ, ɇ.

ȼ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɷɦɩɢɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ

ɋ ɜ

ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɡɟɧɢɬɧɨɝɨ ɭɝɥɚ

ɞɥɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ N ɢ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɚ

, ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɧɚ ɛɭɪɢɥɶɧɭɸ ɤɨɥɨɧɧɭ ɜ ɪɚɫɬɹɧɭɬɨɦ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɟ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɵ

ɞɥɢɧɨɣ ɨɬ 900 ɞɨ 1100 ɦ.

Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 11 – Ɂɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɷɦɩɢɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ

ɋ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨ-

ɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɡɟɧɢɬɧɨɝɨ ɭɝɥɚ

ɞɥɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ N ɢ

ɦɨɦɟɧɬɚ

Ɇ ɜ ɪɚɫɬɹɧɭɬɨɦ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɟ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɵ

Величина

зенитного

угла a,

град.

0-3

3-10

10-17

17-25

25-35

35-45

45-55

55-60

60-65

70-75

75-80

80-85

85-90

C•10

-6

0,192 0,250 0,490 0,650 0,840 0,965 1,10 1,12 1,14 1,62 1,74 1,87 1,93

N, кВт

6,3 8,5 16,2 21,6 27,9 32,0 36,5 37,2 48,2 53,8 57,8 62,1 64,1

М,Н•м

785 1014 1932 2577 3228 3818 4354 4438 5750 6419 6896 7409 7647

Ɇɨɦɟɧɬ, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɣ ɞɥɹ ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɫɠɚɬɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɤɨɥɨɧɧɵ

ɫɠɫɠ

dRq

Ɇ 







, (34)

ɝɞɟ

=0,15÷0,2 – ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ, ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɸɳɢɣ ɜɬɨɪɨɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɵɟ ɮɚɤ-

ɬɨɪɵ;

R – ɪɚɞɢɭɫ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɵ, ɪɚɜɧɵɣ ɩɨɥɨɜɢɧɟ ɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɚ ɫɬɜɨɥɚ ɢ

ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɚ ɛɭɪɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɬɪɭɛ;

=0,12÷0,25 – ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɬɪɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɥɨɧɧɵ ɨ

ɫɬɟɧɤɢ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɵ.

Ɋɟɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɧɚ ɤɨɪɩɭɫɟ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ

ɦɝ

ɞɪ

Vɪ



, (35)

ɝɞɟ

' – ɩɟɪɟɩɚɞ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɟ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ

ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɧɚ ɞɨɥɨɬɨ

, Ɇɉɚ; V – ɨɛɴɟɦ ɤɚɦɟɪ ɪɚɛɨɱɢɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ ȼɁȾ, ɦ

;

ɦɝ.

– ɝɢɞɪɨɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɤ.ɩ.ɞ. ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ.

ɤɌɪ

– ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɤɨɪɩɭɫɚ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɢɫɤɪɢɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɵ

(ɬɪɟɧɢɹ ɨ ɝɨɪɧɭɸ ɩɨɪɨɞɭ), ɇ

ɦ;

sin

1..



 

ɇȾȾɤɌɪɤɌɪ

rqFɆ "" ,

ɤɌɪ

– ɫɢɥɚ ɬɪɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɪɩɭɫɚ ɨ ɫɬɟɧɤɢ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɵ, ɇ;

– ɞɥɢɧɚ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ, ɦ;

q – ɜɟɫ 1 ɦ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ, ɤɝ/ɦ;

r – ɧɚɪɭɠɧɵɣ ɪɚɞɢɭɫ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ, ɦ;

– ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɬɪɟɧɢɹ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ ɨ ɫɬɟɧɤɢ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɵ;

sin

– ɭɝɨɥ ɢɫɤɪɢɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɵ.

Ɇɨɦɟɧɬ, ɪɚɫɯɨɞɭɟɦɵɣ ɧɚ ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ ɤɚɥɢɛɪɚɬɨɪɨɜ, ɦɚɯɨɜɢɤɨɜ, ɩɪɢ-

ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɤ ɜɚɥɭ ȼɁȾ

ɊɄɪɚɞɄ

ɄRGɆ



; (36)

ɝɞɟ G

ɪɚɞ

= 2,0÷5,0 ɤɇ – ɪɚɞɢɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɭɫɢɥɢɟ ɧɚ ɪɚɛɨɱɢɟ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɤɚɥɢɛɪɚɬɨ-

ɪɚ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɞɥɢɧɵ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ (ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɤɚɥɢɛɪɚɬɨɪɚ);

– ɪɚɞɢɭɫ ɤɚɥɢɛɪɚɬɨɪɚ;

– ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ, ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɸɳɢɣ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɩɨɪɨɞ.

Ɇɨɦɟɧɬ, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɣ ɞɥɹ ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɫɠɚɬɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɤɨɥɨɧɧɵ

ɫɠɫɠ

dRq

Ɇ 







, (34)

ɝɞɟ

=0,15÷0,2 – ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ, ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɸɳɢɣ ɜɬɨɪɨɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɵɟ ɮɚɤ-

ɬɨɪɵ;

R – ɪɚɞɢɭɫ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɵ, ɪɚɜɧɵɣ ɩɨɥɨɜɢɧɟ ɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɚ ɫɬɜɨɥɚ ɢ

ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɚ ɛɭɪɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɬɪɭɛ;

=0,12÷0,25 – ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɬɪɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɥɨɧɧɵ ɨ

ɫɬɟɧɤɢ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɵ.

Ɋɟɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɧɚ ɤɨɪɩɭɫɟ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ

ɦɝ

ɞɪ

Vɪ



, (35)

ɝɞɟ

' – ɩɟɪɟɩɚɞ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɟ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ

ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɧɚ ɞɨɥɨɬɨ

, Ɇɉɚ; V – ɨɛɴɟɦ ɤɚɦɟɪ ɪɚɛɨɱɢɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ ȼɁȾ, ɦ

;

ɦɝ.

– ɝɢɞɪɨɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɤ.ɩ.ɞ. ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ.

ɤɌɪ

– ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɤɨɪɩɭɫɚ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɢɫɤɪɢɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɵ

(ɬɪɟɧɢɹ ɨ ɝɨɪɧɭɸ ɩɨɪɨɞɭ), ɇ

ɦ;

sin

1..



 

ɇȾȾɤɌɪɤɌɪ

rqFɆ "" ,

ɤɌɪ

– ɫɢɥɚ ɬɪɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɪɩɭɫɚ ɨ ɫɬɟɧɤɢ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɵ, ɇ;

– ɞɥɢɧɚ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ, ɦ;

q – ɜɟɫ 1 ɦ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ, ɤɝ/ɦ;

r – ɧɚɪɭɠɧɵɣ ɪɚɞɢɭɫ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ, ɦ;

– ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɬɪɟɧɢɹ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ ɨ ɫɬɟɧɤɢ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɵ;

sin

– ɭɝɨɥ ɢɫɤɪɢɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɵ.

Ɇɨɦɟɧɬ, ɪɚɫɯɨɞɭɟɦɵɣ ɧɚ ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ ɤɚɥɢɛɪɚɬɨɪɨɜ, ɦɚɯɨɜɢɤɨɜ, ɩɪɢ-

ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɤ ɜɚɥɭ ȼɁȾ

ɊɄɪɚɞɄ

ɄRGɆ



; (36)

ɝɞɟ G

ɪɚɞ

= 2,0÷5,0 ɤɇ – ɪɚɞɢɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɭɫɢɥɢɟ ɧɚ ɪɚɛɨɱɢɟ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɤɚɥɢɛɪɚɬɨ-

ɪɚ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɞɥɢɧɵ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ (ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɤɚɥɢɛɪɚɬɨɪɚ);

– ɪɚɞɢɭɫ ɤɚɥɢɛɪɚɬɨɪɚ;

– ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ, ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɸɳɢɣ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɩɨɪɨɞ.

Ɇɨɦɟɧɬ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɞɨɥɨɬɚ ɨ ɫɬɟɧɤɢ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɵ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɨɞ-

ɫɱɢɬɚɧ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ

ɞɨ

DɆ



370 ,

ɝɞɟ

– ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪ ɞɨɥɨɬɚ, ɦ.

Ɇɨɦɟɧɬ ɞɥɹ ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɞɨɥɨɬɚ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɡɪɭɲɟɧɢɢ ɝɨɪɧɨɣ ɩɨɪɨɞɵ

ɭɞɞɞ

ɆGɆ



ɝɞɟ G

– ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɚ ɧɚ ɞɨɥɨɬɨ, ɇ;

ɭɞ

– ɭɞɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɧɚ ɞɨɥɨɬɟ, ɇǜɦ/ɤɇ (ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɜ ɧɚɲɟɦ ɫɥɭ-

ɱɚɟ ȻɂɌ2 Ɇɋ ɞɨɥɨɬɨ ɪɟɠɭɳɟ-ɫɤɚɥɵɜɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ – PDC Ɇ

ɭɞ

§20

ɇǜɦ/ɤɇ).

ɇɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɜɵɲɟɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ (ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɛɭɪɟɧɢɹ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧ ɫ

ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɨɤɨɧɱɚɧɢɟɦ ɉɪɢɨɛɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɟɫɬɨɪɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ) ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧ ɪɚɫɱɟɬ

ɫɭɦɦɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɤɪɭɬɹɳɟɝɨ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɚ, ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɧɚ ɛɭɪɢɥɶɧɭɸ ɤɨɥɨɧɧɭ ɜ

ɯɨɥɨɫɬɨɦ, ɪɚɛɨɱɟɦ (ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɦ) ɢ ɬɨɪɦɨɡɧɨɦ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ȼɁȾ. Ɇɨ-

ɦɟɧɬɵ, ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɧɚ ɛɭɪɢɥɶɧɭɸ ɤɨɥɨɧɧɭ ɩɪɢ ɤɨɦɛɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɦ ɫɩɨɫɨ-

ɛɟ ɛɭɪɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɥɢ:

– ɩɪɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ȼɁȾ ɜ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ ɯɨɥɨɫɬɨɝɨ ɯɨɞɚ –

Ɇ = 6,7 ɤɇǜɦ;

ɫɠ

Ɇ =

4,9 ɤɇǜɦ;

ɞɪ

= 2,1 ɤɇǜɦ;

ɤɬɪ

= 1,6 ɤɇǜɦ;

= 0,4 ɤɇǜɦ ;

= 0,05

ɤɇǜɦ;

Ɇ = 0 ɤɇǜɦ;

ɤɪ

Ɇ = 15,3 ɤɇǜɦ;

– ɜ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɦ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ –

Ɇ = 7,1 ɤɇǜɦ;

ɫɠ

Ɇ = 3,6

ɤɇǜɦ;

ɞɪ

= 6,3 ɤɇǜɦ;

ɤɬɪ

= 1,6 ɤɇǜɦ;

Ɇ = 1,1 ɤɇǜɦ;

Ɇ = 0,05 ɤɇǜɦ;

Ɇ = 2,1 ɤɇǜɦ;

ɤɪ

Ɇ = 22,4 ɤɇǜɦ;

– ɜ ɬɨɪɦɨɡɧɨɦ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ȼɁȾ –

Ɇ = 7,6 ɤɇǜɦ;

ɫɠ

Ɇ = 9,1

ɤɇǜɦ;

ɞɪ

= 6,4 ɤɇǜɦ;

ɤɬɪ

= 1,6 ɤɇǜɦ;

Ɇ = 1,4 ɤɇǜɦ;

Ɇ = 0,05 ɤɇǜɦ;

Ɇ = 2,8 ɤɇǜɦ;

ɤɪ

Ɇ = 28,5 ɤɇǜɦ.

ɋɬɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɛɭɪɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɤɨɥɨɧɧɟ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɹɬ

ɪɤɪɫɬ

WɆ /

, (37)

ɝɞɟ

– ɩɨɥɹɪɧɵɣ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɫɟɱɟ-

ɧɢɹ ɬɪɭɛɵ.

ȼ ɧɚɲɟɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɦɵɣ ɭɱɚɫɬɨɤ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɢɡ ɫɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɬɪɭɛ

ɌȻɉȼ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɨɦ 127 ɦɦ

= 633,5 ɫɦ

. ɋɬɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ

ɫɬ

ɛɭɪɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɤɨɥɨɧɧɟ ɜ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɦ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ȼɁȾ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɹɬ 3535 ɇ/ɦ.

ɇɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɛɭɪɟɧɢɹ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧ ɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɨɜ ɩɨ-

ɫɬɪɨɟɧɵ ɷɩɸɪɵ (ɪɢɫɭɧɨɤ 28) ɨɫɟɜɵɯ ɭɫɢɥɢɣ ɢ ɤɪɭɬɹɳɢɯ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɨɜ, ɞɟɣɫɬ-

ɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɧɚ ɛɭɪɢɥɶɧɭɸ ɤɨɥɨɧɧɭ ɩɪɢ ɤɨɦɛɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɦ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɟ ɛɭɪɟɧɢɹ

ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧ ɫ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɨɤɨɧɱɚɧɢɟɦ.

ɉɪɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ȼɁȾ ɜ ɬɨɪɦɨɡɧɨɦ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ ɢ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɣ ɟɝɨ ɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɟ ɜ

ɛɭɪɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɤɨɥɨɧɧɟ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɬ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɤɪɭɱɟɧɢɹ

Ɍɚɤɠɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɭɞɚɪɨɜ ɨ ɡɚɛɨɣ ɞɨɥɨɬɚ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɜɨɡ-

ɧɢɤɚɬɶ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɫɩɪɹɦɥɟɧɢɢ ɤɨɥɨɧɧɵ, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɣ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɜ ɦɟɫɬɚɯ ɢɧ-

ɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɤɪɢɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɵ ɫɩɢɪɚɥɶ – ɩɪɭɠɢɧɭ.

Ⱦɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɤɪɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɬɶ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ



, (38)

ɝɞɟ G

– ɦɨɞɭɥɶ ɭɩɪɭɝɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢ ɫɞɜɢɝɟ, ɉɚ;

– ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ

ɬɪɭɛ, ɤɝ/ɦ

; g – ɭɫɤɨɪɟɧɢɟ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɩɚɞɟɧɢɹ, ɦ/ɫ

;

– ɱɚɫɬɨɬɚ

ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɥɨɧɧɵ, ɨɛ/ɦɢɧ; d – ɧɚɪɭɠɧɵɣ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪ ɬɪɭɛ, ɦ.

ɉɪɢ G

= 7,5 Ɇɉɚ;

= 7800 ɤɝ/ɦ

; g = 9,8 ɦ/ɫ

;

= 80 ɨɛ/ɦɢɧ; d =

0,127 ɦɦ, ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɹɬ 1228 ɇ/ɦ/

ɋɭɦɦɚɪɧɵɟ ɫɬɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ

ɫɬ

ɢ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɤɪɭɱɟɧɢɹ

ɜ ɛɭɪɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɤɨɥɨɧɧɟ ɩɪɢ ɤɨɦɛɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɦ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɟ ɛɭɪɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɹɬ

4,75 ɤɇ/ɦ.

ɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɧɚ ɛɭɪɢɥɶɧɭɸ ɤɨɥɨɧɧɭ ɩɪɢ ɤɨɦɛɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɦ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɟ ɛɭɪɟɧɢɹ

ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧ ɫ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɨɤɨɧɱɚɧɢɟɦ.

ɉɪɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ȼɁȾ ɜ ɬɨɪɦɨɡɧɨɦ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ ɢ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɣ ɟɝɨ ɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɟ ɜ

ɛɭɪɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɤɨɥɨɧɧɟ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɬ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɤɪɭɱɟɧɢɹ

Ɍɚɤɠɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɭɞɚɪɨɜ ɨ ɡɚɛɨɣ ɞɨɥɨɬɚ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɜɨɡ-

ɧɢɤɚɬɶ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɫɩɪɹɦɥɟɧɢɢ ɤɨɥɨɧɧɵ, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɣ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɜ ɦɟɫɬɚɯ ɢɧ-

ɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɤɪɢɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɵ ɫɩɢɪɚɥɶ – ɩɪɭɠɢɧɭ.

Ⱦɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɤɪɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɬɶ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ



, (38)

ɝɞɟ G

– ɦɨɞɭɥɶ ɭɩɪɭɝɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢ ɫɞɜɢɝɟ, ɉɚ;

– ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ

ɬɪɭɛ, ɤɝ/ɦ

; g – ɭɫɤɨɪɟɧɢɟ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɩɚɞɟɧɢɹ, ɦ/ɫ

;

– ɱɚɫɬɨɬɚ

ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɥɨɧɧɵ, ɨɛ/ɦɢɧ; d – ɧɚɪɭɠɧɵɣ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪ ɬɪɭɛ, ɦ.

ɉɪɢ G

= 7,5 Ɇɉɚ;

= 7800 ɤɝ/ɦ

; g = 9,8 ɦ/ɫ

;

= 80 ɨɛ/ɦɢɧ; d =

0,127 ɦɦ, ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɹɬ 1228 ɇ/ɦ/

ɋɭɦɦɚɪɧɵɟ ɫɬɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ

ɫɬ

ɢ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɤɪɭɱɟɧɢɹ

ɜ ɛɭɪɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɤɨɥɨɧɧɟ ɩɪɢ ɤɨɦɛɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɦ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɟ ɛɭɪɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɹɬ

4,75 ɤɇ/ɦ.

Ɋɢɫɭɧɨɤ 28 – ɗɩɸɪɵ ɨɫɟɜɵɯ ɭɫɢɥɢɣ ɢ ɤɪɭɬɹɳɢɯ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɨɜ, ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɧɚ ɛɭɪɢɥɶɧɭɸ ɤɨɥɨɧɧɭ ɩɪɢ ɤɨɦɛɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɦ

ɫɩɨɫɨɛɟ ɛɭɪɟɧɢɹ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧ ɫ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɨɤɨɧɱɚɧɢɟɦ: I – ɫɯɟɦɚ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɨɜɤɢ ɛɭɪɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɤɨɥɨɧɧɵ; II, III,

IV – ɷɩɸɪɵ ɭɫɢɥɢɣ; V, VI, VII (ɚ – ɩɪɢ n

ɪɨɬɨɪɚ

= n

ȼɁȾ

; ɛ – ɩɪɢ n

ɪɨɬɨɪɚ

> n

ȼɁȾ

) – ɷɩɸɪɵ ɤɪɭɬɹɳɢɯ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɨɜ; ɫɩ –

ɫɩɢɪɚɥɶ; ɩ – ɩɨɫɚɞɤɚ ɛɭɪɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɤɨɥɨɧɧɵ; t

ɤɪ

– ɜɪɟɦɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɛɭɪɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɤɨɥɨɧɧɵ ɜ ɬɨɪɦɨɡɧɨɦ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ; 1 –

ɞɨɥɨɬɨ ɫ ɤɚɥɢɛɪɚɬɨɪɨɦ; 2 – ɲɩɢɧɞɟɥɶ; 3 – ɡɚɛɨɣɧɵɣ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɶ; 4 – ɭɬɹɠɟɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɛɭɪɢɥɶɧɵɟ ɬɪɭɛɵ; 5 – ɤɨ-

ɥɨɧɧɚ ɋȻɌ

- ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ȼɁȾ ɜ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ ɯɨɥɨɫɬɨɝɨ ɯɨɞɚ n

ɪɨɬɨɪɚ

< n

ȼɁȾ

- ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ȼɁȾ ɜ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɦ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ n

ɪɨɬɨɪɚ

< n

ȼɁȾ

- ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ȼɁȾ ɜ ɬɨɪɦɨɡɧɨɦ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ n

ɪɨɬɨɪɚ

 n

ȼɁȾ

2ɤɇ

ɫɩ

ɤɪ

2400

1100

0 L

ɫɤɜ

,ɦ

24 ɤɇ·ɦ

- -

0 630ɤɇ 0 400ɤɇ 0

5510

370

0 18 0 21 0

II 50ɤɇ III 10ɤɇ IV V

VIIɚ VIIɛ

630ɤɇ

ɉɪɢ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɟ ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ n

ɪɨɬɨɪɚ

< n

ɜɡɞ

ɭɫɥɨɜɧɨ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɶ, ɱɬɨ N

ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɚ ɩɪɟɨɞɨɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɤɚɥɢɛɪɚɬɨɪɚ ɢ ɞɨɥɨɬɚ ɨ ɫɬɟɧɤɢ

ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɵ ɡɚɬɪɚɱɟɧɚ ȼɁȾ.

ɉɪɢ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɢ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ G ɧɚ ɞɨɥɨɬɨ ɢ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɣ ɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɟ

ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ (n

ɪɨɬɨɪɚ

= n

ɜɡɞ

) ɧɚɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɤɪɚɬɤɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɣ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɪɟɠɢɦ

ɛɟɡ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɹ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɤɪɭɬɹɳɟɝɨ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɚ, ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɧɚ

ɛɭɪɢɥɶɧɭɸ ɤɨɥɨɧɧɭ ɨɬ ɪɨɬɨɪɧɨɣ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ (ɞɨɥɨɬɚ, ɤɚɥɢɛɪɚɬɨɪɚ).

ɉɪɢ n

ɪɨɬɨɪɚ

> n

ɜɡɞ

ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɨɬ t

(ɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ) ɞɨ t

ɤɪ

(ɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɚ ɨɬ ɫɠɚɬɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɛɭɪɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɤɨɥɨɧɧɵ)

ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɤɪɭɬɹɳɟɝɨ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɚ ɨɬ ɡɚɛɨɹ ɤ ɭɫɬɶɸ. ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɭ-

ɱɚɟ ɛɭɪɢɥɶɧɚɹ ɤɨɥɨɧɧɚ ɢɫɩɵɬɵɜɚɟɬ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɧɢɠɧɟɣ

ɱɚɫɬɢ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɨɜɤɢ. ɉɪɢ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɢ ɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɪɟɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ

ɦɨɦɟɧɬɚ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɟɧ ɨɬɜɨɪɨɬ ɪɟɡɶɛɨɜɵɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɨɜɤɢ (ɲɩɢɧɞɟɥɹ,

ɤɨɪɩɭɫɚ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ ɢ ɬ.ɞ.) ɢɥɢ ɢɡɥɨɦ ɝɢɛɤɨɝɨ ɜɚɥɚ (ɬɨɪɫɢɨɧɚ) ȼɁȾ. Ɉɩɪɟɞɟ-

ɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɛɭɪɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɤɨɥɨɧɧɵ ɨɬ ɩɨɥɧɨɣ ɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ȼɁȾ ɞɨ

ɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɨɜ, ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɧɚ ɄɇȻɄ ɜ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶ-

ɧɵɯ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɚɯ, ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ.

ɇɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɧɚɩɪɹɦɭɸ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɨ ɫ

ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɚ Q ɢ ɝɢɞɪɚɜɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɢɥɵ W ɩɪɢ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɪɟɠɢ-

ɦɚɯ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɯ (ɪɟɨɥɨɝɢɢ) ɛɭɪɨ-

ɜɵɯ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɜ, ɱɬɨ ɜɥɢɹɟɬ ɧɚ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ ɢ ɤɚɤ ɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ

ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɡɚɲɥɚɦɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɡɚɬɪɭɛɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɚ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɵ. Ʉɚɤ ɭɤɚɡɵ-

ɜɚɥɨɫɶ ɜɵɲɟ, ɩɨɬɟɪɢ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ ɛɭɪɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɤɨɥɨɧɧɵ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɹɬ ɤ ɭɜɟɥɢ-

ɱɟɧɢɸ ɩɨɫɚɞɨɤ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɚ ɢ ɧɟɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɭɟɦɨɫɬɢ

ɤɚɤ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ

ɟɟ ɮɨɪɦ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɫɢɥ ɬɪɟɧɢɹ F

ɬɪ

. ɋɢɥɚ ɬɪɟɧɢɹ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɬɪɭɞɧɨɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɦɨɣ

ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɛɭɪɟɧɢɹ, ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɧɟɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ

ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɜ ɧɚɤɥɨɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɚɯ ɡɚɬɪɭɞɧɹɟɬ ɞɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ

(ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ) ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɫɟɜɨɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɞɨ ɡɚɛɨɹ ɢ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɡɚ-

ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɜɢɧɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ.

ɉɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɫɟɜɨɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɧɚ

ɞɨɥɨɬɨ ɩɪɢ ɛɭɪɟɧɢɢ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧ ɜɢɧɬɨɜɵɦ ɡɚɛɨɣɧɵɦ ɞɜɢɝɚ-

ɬɟɥɟɦ.

ɋɩɨɫɨɛ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ.

ɉɪɢ ɛɭɪɟɧɢɢ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢ ɧɚɤɥɨɧɧɨ-ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧ ɫ

ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɚ ɩɨɪɨɞɨɪɚɡɪɭɲɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɚ

ɜɢɧɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɡɚɛɨɣɧɨɝɨ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɟɬɫɹ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɪɟɠɢɦ ɛɭɪɟɧɢɹ,

ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɳɢɣ ɧɚɞɟɠɧɭɸ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɩɨɪɨɞɨɪɚɡɪɭɲɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɚ. ɋ

ɷɬɨɣ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɧɚ ɛɭɪɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɤɨɥɨɧɧɟ ȼɁȾ ɫ ɡɚɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɧɵɦ ɧɚ ɧɟɦ ɞɨɥɨɬɨɦ

ɨɩɭɫɤɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɭ. ɇɟ ɞɨɯɨɞɹ ɞɨ ɡɚɛɨɹ, ɩɨ ɤɨɥɨɧɧɟ ɛɭɪɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɬɪɭɛ ɜ

ȼɁȾ ɩɨɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ (ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɩɚɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɦ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɡɚ-

ɜɨɞɚ ɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɟɥɹ) ɛɭɪɨɜɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ. ɉɨɫɥɟ ɡɚɩɭɫɤɚ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ (ɧɚɞ ɡɚɛɨ-

ɟɦ), ɩɪɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɟɝɨ ɜ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ ɯɨɥɨɫɬɨɝɨ ɯɨɞɚ, ɩɨ ɦɚɧɨɦɟɬɪɭ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬ

ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɫɬɨɹɤɟ ɛɭɪɨɜɨɣ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ, ɚ ɡɚɬɟɦ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɹɬ ɩɪɨɜɨɪɚɱɢɜɚɧɢɟ