Onkvisit S., Shaw J. International Marketing: Analysis and Strategy
Подождите немного. Документ загружается.
Gupta, Pola B. 470
Gupta,Vipin 210
Gurhan-Canli, Zeynep 211
Habib, Mohsin 269
Hall, Edward T. 153, 168, 185
Hamilton,Alexander 26
Hamilton, Kate 210
Hamilton, R.T. 269
Han, Jin K. 185
Hanges, Paul J. 210
Hardy, Daniel 36
Harichaux de Tourdonnet, Beatrice 151
Harpaz, Itzhak 439
Harris, Greg 470
Harrison,Ann 271
Harvey, Michael G. 120, 385
Hassan, Salah S. 470
Hausler, Gerd 548
Heckscher, Eli 30, 50
Heggie, Ian G. 411
Heller, Robert 292
Hennart, Jean-Francois 271, 497, 499, 521
Henthorne,Tony L. 212
Hervey, Jack L. 494, 520–1, 575–6
Heslop, Louise A. 212
Hewett, Kelly 385, 470
Hightower, Roscoe 307
Hill, John S. 439
Hofstede, Frenkel ter 212
Hofstede, Geert 195–7, 210
Holbert, Neil Bruce 21
Honomichl, Jack 241
Hooley, Graham 242
Hoon, Jung 270
House, Robert J. 210
Howell, Llewellyn D. 120
Hui, Michael 186, 211
Hult, G.Tomas M. 307
Huong, Lan T. 115, 238
Hyatt, Gilbert P. 145
Hyder,Akmal S. 211
Hyman, Michael R. 118
Hyun,Yong J. 439
Ibanez-Zapata, Jose-Angel 242
Ibeh, Kevin I. N. 269
Ibrahim, Nabil A. 521
Idei, Nobuyuki 19
Jacobs, Laurence W. 186, 242, 469, 494
Jain, Dipak 212
Jain, Subhash C. 469
Jallat, Frederic 210
James, Harold 79
Javidan, Mansour 210
Jefferson,Thomas 121
Jeong, Insik 209
Jesswein, Kurt R. 576
Jesuino, Jorge Correia 210
Ji, Mindy F. 470
Jobs, Steve 331
Johansson, Johny K. 270, 469
Johnson, James P. 270
Johnson, Jean L. 270
Johnston, R. Barry 36
Jolibert,Alain 211
Joy,Annamma 186, 212
Julian, Craig 306
Jun, Sunkyu 439
Kabasakal, Hayat 210
Kalina, Robert 43
Kammeyer, Margaret 179
Kang, Jikyeong 186
Kara,Ali 211, 242
Karande, Kiran 152, 470
Kassai, Kenzo 327
Kaufmann, Daniel 142
Kay, John 119
Kaynak, Erdener 211, 242
Keegan,Warren J. 458–9, 469
Keillor, Bruce D. 307
Kennedy, Eric Michael 385
Kent, Claire A. 341
Kent, Robert J. 469
Keown, Charles F. 242, 469
Keynes, John Maynard 26, 440, 522
Kim,Youn-Kyung 186
Kimmel,Allan J. 210
Kiuchi,Takashi 472
Klitgaard, Robert 152
Kobrin, Stephen J. 14, 21, 151
Koseki, Kelichi 469
Koslow, Scott 186
Kotabe, Masaaki 21, 152, 242, 270, 439
Kraay,Aart 142
Kragh, Simon Ulrik 211
Kristiansen, Ole Kirk 324
Krueger,Anne 83
Kucukemiroglu, Orsay 211
Kuga, Masashi 306
Kunneman, Dave 67
Kurtz, Patricia L. 164
Kwok, Chuck C.Y. 547, 576
586
INDEX
Ladwig, Kit 120
Lafayette, Jon 211
La Ferle, Carrie 212
Lancaster, K. 51
Lane,Timothy 30, 50
Lankes, Hans Peter 66, 72, 83, 494
Laroche, Michel 470
La Tour, Michael S. 212
Lauren, Ralph 339,
Laurent, Robert D. 575
Laux, Paul A. 576
Leclerc, France 343
Lecraw, Donald J. 521
Lee, Chol 211–12
Lee, Don Y. 242
Lee, James A. 185
Lee, Suk Hun 119
Leidy, Michael 494
Lenartowicz,Tomasz 186
Leontief,Wassily W. 34, 50
Levine, Ross 547
Lewis, Jerry 286
Li, Jiatao 270
Lichtenstein, Donald R. 242
Lieberman, Ira W. 119
Liefeld, John 212
Lim, Chae Un 439
Lim, Jeen-Su 211
Lin, Carolyn A. 470
Linden, Ralph 185
Lipschitz, Leslie 30, 50
Lipsey, R.G. 51
Litvak, Isaiah A. 385
Lloyd,Alison E. 547
Lohtia, Ritu 385
Lougani, Prakash 269
Lu, Jane W. 271
Ludolph, Josephine 307
Luna, David 185
Luo,Yadong, 119
Luque-Martinez,Teodoro 242
Lye,Ashley 269
Lynch, Patrick D. 469
Lynn, Monty L. 307
Lytle, Richard S. 307
McCreary, Stephen D. 151
McCullough,Wayne R. 471
MacDougall, G.D.A. 50
McElravey, John N. 547
McGuirk,Anne 63
McKinnon, D. Grant 521
McNeal, James U. 470
Magee, John F. 411
Mahanjan,Vijay 152
Maheswaran, Durairaj 211
Makino, Shige 271
Malhotra, Naresh K. 306
Manev, Ivan M. 439
Mansi, Sattar A. 547
Markham, Steven E. 439
Marshall, R. Scott 385
Masterson, John T., Jr. 385
Mateschitz, Dietrich 244
Matlack, Dean 152
Matzler, Lloyd A. 50
Mauro, Paolo 32, 50
Mayer, Charles S. 242
Maynard, Michael L. 470
Meade, J.E. 51
Melewar,T.C. 342
Mellor, Robert 575
Menem, Carlos 549
Meyer, Klaus E. 270–1
Michalski,Tony 385
Mill, John Stuart 508
Miller,Ann-Marie 435
Miller, Kent D. 120
Miller, Richard 469
Miller, Robert. R. 270
Milner, Laura M. 210, 470
Milosevic, Slobodan 92
Minor, Michael S. 119
Mitchell, Joni 380
Mitchell,Will 21
Mitra, Pradeep K. 119
Mizuno,Yutaka 212
Mohammed, Mahathir 551
Moll, Jennifer R. 307, 385
Moon,Young Sook 470
Moore, Mike 400, 411
Morita,Akio 19
Morris, Michael W. 185
Moser, James T. 575
Mottner, Sandra 270
Mourmouras,Alex 30, 50
Muhlfeld, Katrin 469
Mullen, Michael R. 242
Muller, Eitan 152
Murdock, George P. 185
Murphy, Paul R. 412
Mussler, Maria 154
Myers, Matthew B. 385, 494
Naidu, G.M. 21
Nakata, Cheryl 210, 242
1111
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10111
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
20111
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
30
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
40
41
42
43
44
45111
587
INDEX
Nasser, Jac 439
Naumann, Earl 439
Netemeyer, Richard G. 242, 469
Nigh, Douglas 119
Nijssen, Edwin J. 342
O’Cass,Aron 306
Oddou, Gary 115, 238
Oetzel, Jennifer M., 120
Ohlin, Bertil 30
Ohmae, Kenichi 21
Okimoto, Dan 20
Okoroafo, Sam C. 521
Onkvisit, Sak 54, 132, 151, 280, 306, 314, 464, 469–71
Ostergard, Robert L., Jr. 152
Pan,Yigang 185, 270–1
Panagariya,Arvind 271
Pantzalis, Christos 548, 576
Papaioannou, Michael G. 547
Parameswaran, Ravi 211
Parker, Philip 470
Pattillo, Catherine 575
Pavel, Christine 547
Pecotich,Anothony 269
Pendergrast, Mark 8
Peng, Mike W. 384
Pennant-Rea, Rupert 411
Peracchio, Laura 185
Peterson, Robert A. 211
Pfeiffer, John 127
Piron, Francis 212
Pisharodi, R. Mohan 211
Porter, Lyman W. 439
Porter, Michael E. 32–3, 50
Pothukuchi,Vijay 270
Presley, Elvis 139
Priestley, Duaine 469
Quiqley, Lesley 307, 385
Quirk, Peter J. 575
Rajan, Mahesh N. 186
Ramamurti, Ravi 119
Ramaprasad, Jyotika 470
Ramaswamy, Kannan 21
Ramnarayan, Sujata 80
Rao, C.P. 152, 307
Rao,T.R. 21
Razin,Assaf 269
Reeb, David M. 547
Reiman, James A. 451
Reinhart, Carmen M. 494
Reisel,William D. 439
Renfrew, Glen McG. 213
Ricardo, David 25, 50
Ring, Mary Ann 521, 548
Robb, Jim 132, 412
Robertson, Diana C. 151
Rogoff, Kenneth S. 551
Rohlmeier, Jeff 451
Rolfe, Robert J. 270–1
Romeo, Jean B. 211
Root, Franklin R. 119
Rose, Gregory M. 21
Rosenfield, Donald B. 411
Ross, David 411
Roth, Kendall 186
Roth, Martin S. 196, 210–11, 342
Roy, Jean 120
Sahay, Ratna 32, 50, 119
Saint Laurent,Yves 251
Sakano,Tomoaki 270
Samiee, Saeed 209
Samli,A. Coskun 210, 494
Sanchez, Carlos 188
Sarracino, Jaylene M. 332
Saudagaran, Shahrokh M. 547
Saunders, John 342
Savastano, Miguel 494
Schaeffer, Han Juergen 469
Schlegelmilch, Bodo B. 151
Schmitt, Bernd H. 185, 343
Schramm,Wilbur 439
Schuh,Arnold 306
Schweiger, David M. 270
Scott, K. Dow 439
Seabrook, John 380
Sekaran, Uma 242
Selowski, Marcelo 119
Shamdasani, Prem N. 186
Shapiro, Michael 210
Sharer, Robert 83
Sharma, Subhash 195, 210
Sharon,Ariel 128
Shaver, J. Myles 21
Shaw, John J. 54, 132, 151, 280, 306, 314, 464, 469–71
Shelton, Judy 575
Shen, Xiaofang 270
Shenkar, Oded 271
Shimp,Terence A. 195, 210
Shin, Jeongshin 210
Shinawatra,Thaksin 104
Shocked, Michelle 381
Shoham,Aviv 21
588
INDEX
Sikora, Ed 376–7, 385
Simintiras,Antonis C. 434
Simkins, Betty J. 576
Simonson, Itamar 185
Singhapakdi,Anusorn 152
Sinisi,Vincenzo 151, 385
Sivakumar, K. 210, 242
Sloot, Laurens M. 342
Smith,Adam 22, 24, 50, 243
Snyder, Julie 186, 343
Sohn, Derick 270
Solberg, Carl Arthur 470
Solomon, Michael R. 185
Soros, George 550–1
Spencer, Michael 575
Spielman, Harold M. 471
Spreng, Richard A. 242
Srinivasan, Srini S. 21, 469
Steenkamp, Jan-Benedict E.M. 212, 230, 242, 342
Stein, Joe 571, 576
Stern, Robert 50
Stevenson, Robert Louis 413
Stevenson,William B. 439
Stonger, Karol 186
Stroh, Linda K. 439
Strongin, Steven 576
Stull, James B. 182
Summers, John O. 211
Synodinos, Nicolaos E. 469
Szabo, Erna 210
Taff, Charles A. 411
Takada, Hirokazu 212
Tallroth, Nils Borje 90
Tan, Soo J. 212
Tansey, Richard 118
Tavassoli, Nader T. 185
Taylor, Charles R. 470
Taylor, Glen 21
Tedlow, Richard S. 50
Tenev, Stoyan 527, 547
Tompson, Holly B. 439
Tong, Goh Chok 156
Touchstone, Ellen E. 186
Toulson,Alan K. 469
Townsend,Anthony M. 439
Trabold, Harald 384
Trevor-Roberts, Edwin 210
Tse, David K. 186
Tyndall, Gene R. 411
Ungson, Gerardo R. 271
Unnava, H. Rao 470
Uzzelle, Elnora 548
Valy-Durbin, Stacey J. 439
Vangelos,Allen 272
Varma,Arup 439
Verhoef, Peter C. 342
Very, Philippe 270
Verzariu, Pompiliu 521
Wada, Kazuo 21
Wagner, Udo 269
Wahid,Abdurrahman 192
Wall, Marjorie 212
Walley,Wayne 469
Walls, Jan 186
Wan,Victor 575
Watson, John J. 211
Webster, Cynthia 212, 242
Wedel, Michel 212
Wei, Shang-Jin 83
Weidenbaum, Murray L. 386
Wiehagen, Katherine 152
Wilkin, Sam 120
Wills, George F. 118
Wilson, John 411
Winters, Lewis C. 211
Wolfe, Claudia 21
Wong,Veronica 494
Woodcock, C. Patrick 271
Woodward, Douglas P. 271
Wozniak, Steve 331
Wright, Katrina 211
Wu, Harry 273
Yeung, Bernard 21
Yew, Lee Kuan 75
Yoovidhya, Chaleo 244
York,Anne S. 384
Young, Stephen 269
Yu, Julie H. 242
Yue,William 451
Zakaria, Fareed 119
Zandpour, Fred 172–3, 186
Zenner, Marc 120
Zhang, Shi 343
Zhou, Lianxi 211
Zinn,Walter 494
Zoido-Lobaton, Pablo 142
Zonis, Marvin 120
Zurawicki, Leon 269
1111
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10111
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
20111
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
30
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
40
41
42
43
44
45111
589
INDEX
absolute advantage 24–5
acquisition 260–2
ad valorem duties 60
adjustable peg 560–1
advertising 440–71; adaptation 455–65; expenditures 442;
media 443–55; regulations 442–3; role 441–2;
standardization 455–65
advertising specialties 454–5
African Financial Community 41
African Growth and Opportunity Act 77
AFTA 41
agent 347
air waybill 408
Andean Group 41
Andean Trade Preference Act 77
anthropology 190
ANZCERTA 41
APEC 41
Arab Maghreb Union (AMU) 41
arbitration 131–2
Arrangement of Nice 331
ASEAN 41
Asian Dollar Market 542
assembly operations 257–60
Association of Southeast Asian Nations, see ASEAN
bankers’ acceptance 511
barter 498
Benelux 41
Berne Convention 141
bill of exchange 508–11
bill of lading 408–10
black market 371
blended credit 534
branch 129–31
branding 308–43; characteristics 326–30; consolidation
323–4; decisions 310, 313–23; levels 313–23; origin
324–5; protection 330–36; selection 324–5
bribery 132–8, 150
Brussels Convention 125
buyback 500
CAEMC 41
Calvo Doctrine 126
capitalism 93–9
cargo insurance 394
Caribbean Basin Initiative (CBI) 77
CARICOM (Caribbean Community and Common Market) 41
carnet 430–3
Central American Arrangement 41, 331
certificate of origin 405–6, 408
CETSCALE 193, 195, 227
CFA Franc Zone 41
CFR 504
channel length 361
channels of distribution 344–85; adaptation 361; decisions
316–23; determinants of channel types 363–7;
development 359–61; direct channel 346–51; indirect
channel 346–8, 351–9; Japan 367–8; representation
agreement 369–71; selection of members 368–9
channel width 361
CIA 218
CIF 504
CIS 41
clearing agreement 500
COMESA 40
commercial invoice 404–5
commodity 313
common market 42
communication 414–16
communism 92–3
comparative advantage 25–6
comparative marketing 5
compensation trade 500
competitive advantage of nations 32–3
concessionary financing 533
conference line 393
consignment 506
consular invoice 405, 407
consumer behavior 187–212; attitude 202–3; diffusion process
of innovations 206–7; family 205–6; group 204–5; learning
192–3; motivation 190–2; opinion leadership 206;
perception 198–202; personality 193–7; psychographics
197–8; social class 203–4
container 397–8
copyright 139
corruption 134–42
counterfeiting 146–8
counterpurchase 498–500
countertrade 496–501, 518–20; problems and opportunities
500–2; types 498–500
country credit rating 105–6
country image 199–202
country of origin 199–202
creeping expropriation 101
culture 153–86; characteristics 155–6; communication
process 158–9; consumption 156–7; high context 158;
Japanese culture 168; low context 158; monochronic
culture 158; non-verbal language 167–78; polychronic
culture 158; thinking processes 157–8; universals 159–60;
verbal language 160–7
currencies 549–76
590
INDEX
SUBJECT INDEX
customs and entry procedures 66–9
customs broker 399
customs union 42
DDP 504
democracy 90–2
Dependency Theory 87
DEQ 504
devaluation 557–8
diffusion process of innovations 206–7
direct mail 449–52
direct marketing 449–52
directories 454
distribution, see channels of distribution
documentation 399–410; collection documents 404–10;
shipping documents 401–4
domestic marketing 4–5
domestication 100
draft (bill of exchange) 508–11
dumping 481–5; how to 484–5; legal aspect 482–5; types
481–2
EAC 40
early warning systems 566
East Africa Customs Union 41
economic cooperation/integration 39–46
economic union 42–4
ECOWAS 41
EEA 41
EFTA (European Free Trade Association) 40–1
esperanto 165–7
ethics 134–9, 374–5
ethnocentricity 12
EU, see European Union
euro 43
Eurodollar 542
Euromarket 542
European Patent Convention (EPC) 144
European Union (EU) 41–9, 122, 124, 434–5
evergreen contract 371
exchange rate 477–8
exchange-rate systems 558–65; crawling peg 561; flexible
(floating) system 562–5; gold standard 558–60; par value
560–1; wide band 561–2
exchange ratios 26–7
exhibitions 429–33
expatriate personnel 420–2
export license 401–4
export processing zones 266
exporting strategy 246–8
expropriation 100
extraterritoriality 125–8
EXW 503
factor endowment 27, 30–2
factor mobility 35–37
factoring 528–30
factors of production 35
FAS (free alongside ship) 503
financial centers 540–2;Asian Dollar Market 542; Euromarket
542
financial control 72–3
financing 522–48; financial institutions 528–35; government
agencies 533–5; international financial institutions 534–7;
non-financial institutions 525–8
FOB (free on board) 504
Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA) 132–4
foreign customs invoice 405–6
foreign direct investment (FDI) 245–6
foreign exchange 549–76; exchange rate systems 558–65;
foreign exchange market 553–6; foreign exchange rate
556–8
foreign marketing 5
foreign trade zone (FTZ) 265–7
forfaiting 528–9
forward market 554–6
free trade area 40, 42
freight forwarder 398–9
FSC (Foreign Sales Corporation) 65
FTAA 49
futures market 566–70
GATT 74–5, 146
GCC 41
GEOCENTRIC scale 14
geocentricity 13–15
gifts 178
global advertising 465–6
global marketing 5
government procurement 63
governments 89–100; economic systems 92–100; political
systems 89–92
gray market 371–8
group 204–5
Group of Three 41
GSP (Generalized System of Preferences) 76–7, 89
Heckscher-Ohlin theory 30
hedging 554–6; 566–70
Human Development Index (HDI) 31–2
hysteresis 478–9
ICSID Convention 537
IDA (International Development Association) 536
IFC (International Finance Corporation) 536–7
IMD World Competitiveness Scoreboard 34
IMF (International Monetary Fund) 217, 537–40
1111
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10111
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
20111
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
30
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
40
41
42
43
44
45111
591
INDEX
independence of patents 144
independent line 393
inflation 486–9
infringement 143
insurance 394, 407
intellectual property 139–48, 308–43
Inter-American Convention 144
International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, see
World Bank
international marketing 3–5, 15–17; benefits 15–17;
definition 3; dimensions 4–5; process 3–4
international product life cycle (IPLC) 279–85
international trade 23–32
internationalization process 15
Internet 452–3
J curve 558
joint ventures 252–4
jurisdiction 125–8
keiretsu 73
LAFTA 40
LAIA 41
language 160–7
least dependent person hypothesis 318
legal environment 121–52
legal form of organization 128
legal systems 124–5
Leontief Paradox 34
letter of credit 511–188
LIBOR (London Interbank Rate) 106
licensing 248–52
litigation 131–2
Madrid Convention 144, 330
magazine 447–9
Maghreb Economic Community 41
management contract 252
manufacturing strategy 254–7
marine cargo insurance 394
market entry strategies 243–71, 302; acquisition 260–2;
analysis 263–5; assembly operations 257–60; exporting
246–8; joint venture 252–4; licensing 248–52;
management contract 252; manufacturing 254–7; turnkey
operations 260
market segmentation 277–8
marketing information system 232–7
marketing research 214–32; data collection methods 222–4;
measurement 224–32; primary data 218–20; primary
research 218–20; sampling 220–2; secondary data 216–8;
secondary research 216–8
media 443–55
merchant 348
Mercosur 41
metric system 291
MIGA (Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency) 114,
537
mixed credit 534
modes of transportation 388–93
monetary union 42–4
money 551–2
money laundering 36
most favored nation (MFN) 74
motivation 418–9
Multifiber Arrangement 71, 75
multinational corporations 7–15; behavioral definition 12–15;
performance definition 12; pros and cons 7, 9; size
definition 9–10; structural definition 10, 12
Myers-Briggs Type Inventory 193
NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement) 40–1,
45–9
national character 193–7
national treatment 63–4
nationalization 100
negotiation 418
new product development 275–7
New York Convention 126
newspaper 445–7
nontariff barriers 62–73
nonverbal language 167–78
NTR (normal trade relations) 74
observation 222–3
OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and
Development) 41, 134, 217, 492
offset 500
OPIC (Overseas Private Investment Corporation) 113
opinion leadership 206
options 567–71
orderly marketing arrangements (OMAs) 71
outdoor 452
packaging 336–8; mandatory modification 336–7; optional
modification 337–8
packing 394–8
Paris Convention 330
Paris Union 144
patent 141–2
Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT) 144
payment methods 507–18
personal selling 416–22
physical distribution 386–412; cargo insurance 394; modes of
transportation 388–93; and packing 394–8
political environment 84–120
592
INDEX
political insurance 112–4
political risks 100–2; analysis 104; indicators 102–4;
management 106–12; political insurance 112–14
political union 44
polycentricity 12–13
price distortion 485–6
price quotation 502; quotation guidelines 504; terms of sale
503–4
pricing 472–521; alternative strategies 480–1; decisions
474–80; distortion 485–6; role 473–4; standardization 474;
transfer pricing 489–92
primary data 216, 218–20
Principal Register 331
priority in registration 145
priority in use 145
priority right 144
private barriers 73–4
private branding 316–9
privatization 102
pro forma invoice 502–3
product 272–307; adaptation 285–97; adoption 278–9;
definition 275; international product life cycle 279–85;
market segmentation 277–8; new product 275–7;
regulations 287, 290; standardization 285–7; world product
297–8
product adoption 278–9
product standardization 285–7
production possibility curve 24
profit remittance 73
project GLOBE 197
promotion 413–71
protectionism 55–7; cost/price equalization 55; infant
industry 57; keeping money at home 55; national security
57; reduction of unemployment 55
psychology 190
publicity 422–6
questioning 223–4
quotas 71
quotation 422–6
radio 445
RCD (Regional Cooperation for Development) 41
regional cooperation 41
relative advantage 25–6
reliability 224
religion 123, 176
representation agreement 369–71
RIFF 40
rural media 454
SACU 40
SADC 40
safe harbor principles 236–7
sales promotion 426–9
sampling 220–2
screen 453–4
SDR (special drawing right) 538–9
secondary data 216–18
Section 301 147
self reference criterion (SRC) 157
services 298–302, 378–9
sheltered profit 65
SICA 41
Social Charter 44
social class 203–4
socialism 93
sociology 190
Special 301 147
spot market 554–6
stadium 454
strategic alliances 262–3
subculture 178–81
submarine patent 145
subsidiary 129–31
subsidies 63–6
Super 301 147
superstition 177
Supplemental Register 331
switch trading 500
tariffs 59–62; ad valorem 60; cascade 61; combined rates
(compound duty) 60; countervailing duty 59; excise 62;
protective 59; revenue 59; single-stage sales tax 60; specific
60; surcharge 59; value added tax 60–1
telemarketing 419–20
television 443–5
theory of second best 39–40
tied aid 533
trade barriers 52–83
trade secret 143
trade theories 23–39; basis 23–6; exchange ratios, trade, and
gain 26–7; factor endowment
theory 27, 30–2
trademark laws 332
Trademark Registration Treaty (TRT) 144, 330
trademarks 139, 308–36
trading company 357–9
tramp vessel 393
transfer pricing 489–92
translation 161–4
Transparency International 135
turnkey operations 260
United Nations Conference on Trade and Development
(UNCTAD) 76
1111
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10111
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
20111
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
30
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
40
41
42
43
44
45111
593
INDEX
validated export license 402
validity 224
value-added tax (VAT) 60–1
voluntary export restraint (VER) 71
voluntary quotas 71
WAEMU 41
wages 258–9
WIPO (World Intellectual Property Organization) 144, 330
World Bank 217, 535–6
world product 297–8
World Trade Organization (WTO) 63, 74–6, 146, 218
594
INDEX