Mises, Ludwig von. Human Action: A Treatise on Economics

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894 Human Action

Money; Socialism; Taxation;

Totalitarianism

Grading, valuations, 97, 126,201, 33 1

Great Britain

bank laws of, 439

businessmen of, 633

capitalism in, 61 7

Chinese history and, 836

Currency School and, 204,563

deflation and, 565

economists of, 493n

economy of, 9,147

Fabianism of, 75 5

free trade and, 81-84

Labor Party of, 726

monetary problems and, 778

socialism in, 812, 855

Speenhamland system and, 600n

Greenback period, 469

Gregory, T.E., 470n

Greidanus, Tiardus, 427n

Gresham's Law, 232,432n, 447,469,

754,775-777,780

Grillparzer, Franz, 139

Grotius, Hugo, 817

Guild socialism and corporativism,

812-813

H

Haberler, Gottfried, 552n, 789n

Haller, Karl Ludwig, 860

Hammond, John Lawrence and

Barbara, 614n, 617

Haney, Lewis Henry, 63 3n

Hansen, Alvin Harvey, 72 5n

Happiness, 14-1 5

--

Harmony

conflict of interests and, ch. 24, pp.

660-684

predetermined, 240

Hayek, Friedrich August, 277n, 278n,

395n, 493n, 512n, 52511, 57811,

705n,71 In, 76711,84411

Hazlitt, Henry, 655n

Heckscher, Eli Filip, 660n

Hedonism, l5,2 1

Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich, 72,

74,80,151,690,717,828

Hegemonic bonds, 196-1 99,28 1,497

Heraclitus, 172

Herzfeld, Marianne, 464n

Heteronomous ethlcs, 15, 148

Historical method of economics,

66-67

Historical School, 206,267,643,697,

755

Historicism, 46, 267

History

categories of, 202n

Chinese and English, 836

development of, 80

duty of, 61 8

economic, 5 1,66,266,327,426,

502,603,863-865

human action and, 59

inflationist view of, 463468

lessons from, 41,679

natural and human, 58-59

of capitalism, 9, 264270,495,611

of private property, 264,679

origin of socialist idea and, 685-689

philosophy of, 28

praxeology and, 28, 30-32, 59

scope and method of, 47-5 1

studies, 88

theory and, 604

wages and, 606

war and, 645-646

see also, Civilization; Progress

Hider, Adolf, 76, 84,645,794n

Hoarding, 78n,399400,5 18-520

Hogben, Lancelot, 77n

Hohenzollern Electors, 320

Holistic concepts, 1, 145-1 53, 397

Homme moyen, 646

Homo agens,

i4

Homo oeconomicus, 62-64,241,646

Homo sapiens, 14,24, 3 3

Hot money, 461-463

Hours of work, 13 3,599,608,740-741

Human action, see, Action, human

Human existence, ch. 8, pp. 143-176

ch. 39, pp. 877-881

Hume, David, 3, 73, 147, 204,

413416,662

Husserl, Edmund, 1 OOn

Hutt, William Harold, 591 n, 594n

Hypotheses, 11 5

Index

895

I

Id, 12,878

Ideal types, 5962,252-256, 194

Ideas, role of, ch. 9, pp. 177-194

Ideology

influence of, 644

Marxian connotation of, 5,74,

78-79,82,207

ruling, 188

traditionalism and, 191-1 92

world view and, 178-1 87

see also, Laissez faire

Imaginary construction

autistic, 244

exchange and, 202

method of, 237-238

socialist society and, ch. 25, pp.

685-693

state of rest and, 245-25 1

stationary economy and, 25 1,2 56,

2

92

see also, Equilibrium; Evenly rotat-

ing economy

Import and export

of money, 448,475,785

see also, International Monetary

Fund; Trade

Impoverishment and booms, 562,574

Impulses, 15-1 6

Imputation, physical, 491

Income

capital and, 260-261,482

national, 218,292n

prices and, 390-3 91

problems of, 255n

wealth and inequality of, 285-286,

--.

--a

,.-

*

,..-

/5l-/5L, 85&84/

Index numbers, 22 1-224,439

Indian philosophies, 28

Individualism

methodological, 41-43

versus collectivism, 152, 726

Individuals

action of, 4547,403,719-725

changing features of, 46-47

market and, 3 11-3 16

monetary calculation and, 2 30

nature and, 1

society and, 143, 164-165, 178-179

Industrial democracy, 28 1,809

Industrial Revolution, 8,613-619

Industrialism

process of, 61 9

Western, 497

Industry

booms and, 557

concentration of, 341

infant, 505-507

location of, 506-507,s 10

modern, 587

processing, 341

Inequality

of men (inborn), 90, 134, 157,

173-174,837-838

of wealth and income, 285-286,

731-732,836-847

see

also, Equality under law; Privi-

leges; Restrictions

Infant industries argument, 505-507

Inflation

catallactics and, 420

credit expansion and, 568

deflation and, 419-421,428,

564-567,779

domestic, 452

effects of, 545,547-563

engineering of, 783

European, 424

passive, 570n

progressing, 424-425

see also, Credit expansion; Cycle

theory; Depression; Money

Inflationists

radical, 236

view on history, 463-468

i~eritance and environment, 46

Insecurity, 847-849

Instincts, 15-16,26-28, 169

Institutionalism, 62,66,206,636n,

643,697,755

Insurance, 109, 1 l2n

Integration of catallactic function,

252-256

Interdictions, 13

Interest

computation of, 53 3-5 34

credit expansion and trade cycle,

ch. 20,

pp.

535-583

896

Human

Action

defined, 523

originary, 238,427,521,523-529,

53 1-533,545-547,548,639,

842n

phenomenon of, 52 1-523

problems of, 53 5-5 3 6

productivity theory of, 263-264,

522-53 1

rate, ch. 19, pp. 52 1-534

gross, 535-542,564-567

height of, 529,53 1

market, 536-568

money relation and, 455459

neutral, 5 3 6,s 3 8-539

unpopularity of, 569-570

Interests

class, 5, 81

harmony and conflict of, ch. 24,

pp. 660-684

"rightly understood," 669-678

vested, 269, 276, 334, 848

Interference, see, Interventionism

Interlocal exchange rates, 449455

International capital market, 498

International monetary cooperation,

473-475

International Monetary Fund, 475,

785

International organization, 365,

683-684,817

International trade, 160,392,446,

737,741

Interventionism

acquisition of wealth and, 3 10

advocates of, 365

banking and, 437!

444

depression, contracyclical policies

and, 792

confiscatory, 802

consumption and, 727-729

crisis of, ch. 36, pp. 851-857

end of, 854-857

harvest of, 85 1

labor and, 610

legal tender legislation and,

777-779

market economy hampered, Part 6,

pp. 712-857

market reaction to, 756-761

method of, 3 12

monetary matters and, 468, 570

patterns of, 7 13-7 15

planning, 10411, 11 3,672,696,725,

784

policy of, 193,471,713-715

price structure and, ch. 30, pp.

752-773

production and, 655,736,800

public works and, 792

superhuman, 146

taxation and, 227; ch. 28, pp.

730-735

war and, 82 1

see also, Cartels; Government;

Nationalism; New Deal; Social-

ism

Intolerance, 148

Intuition, 84

Inventions, 508

Investments

boom and, 574

capital, 342, 369, 378

convertibility and, 499,505,s 10

foreign, 493-495,497-499

government, 226,841

inconvertible, 342, 391,576

malinvestment, 391,556-558,561

overinvestment, 5 56-5 5 8

reluctance toward, 582

saving and,

5

17-520

see also, Capital goods; Entrepre-

neurs; Interest, rate; Production,

factors of; Security; Speculating

Investor, mobility of, 5 14-5 17

Iron

gold and, 12 1

law of wages, 20n, 601,739

Irrationalism, 5, 6, 7, 12, 18, 89,95,

102,104,173,185,314,880

see

also, Rationalism

J

James, William, 156

Jevons, William Stanley, 12 1,479,

485,494,579

Judgments, see, Relevance, judgments

of; Valuation

Just prices, 620, 72 1, 722

Index

897

Justice

nonspecific factor of, 13 3-1

3

5,

notion of, 147,716 389,590

social, 671,719, 849-850 Party of Britain, 726

TT

price of, 602

I\

productivity of, 605, 674, 67.511,

Kaufmann, Felix, 39n, 10311

768

Kautsky, Karl, 13 7

professional, 140, 234

Kempis, Thomas

i,2

17

quantity and quality of, 61 9

Kepler, Johames, 58

relations, 80, 691

Keynes, John Maynard, 429,464,467,

Russian versus American, 67511

468n, 546n, 737,771,785,787,846 selective function and, 309

Keynesians, ideal of, 474

slave, 624-630

Knight, Frank Hyneman, 67n,289n,

socialism and, 137,674

489n, 84411

supply of, 136,606-61

3

Knowledge, 5,32,84,207,584

theory of, 584-63 0

see also, Education; Epistemological

unions, 373-374, 585, 591,605,

problems

618,764-767,771-773,783,

Ku

Klux

Klan, 773 786-787,808,811

United States, 675n

L

wages for, 589-593,615,619,673

see

also, Production, factors of

Labor

Laissez faire, 9, 613, 615, 616,

baiting, 740 725-727,741,820,824,837

capital and, 637 Land

catallactics and, 585, 771-773

appraisal versus improvements,

child, 610,612,615,740-741 637n

commodity character of, 590,605,

as ,tanding room, 638-639

628-629 capital accounting and, 262-263

competition and, 625,768

catallactics and, 634n

compulsory, 62

8

evenly rotating economy and, 639n

conditions, 61 3

external costs and, 650

distribution of, 134

ownership of, 308

disutility of, 65-66,l3 1-137,584,

preromantic

ages

and, 641

588,606-613

prices of, 390, 523, 619, 630,

division of, 65, 82, 131, 143-145,

147,157-164,258,266,465,

639-640

588,606,669,824,827

reform, 801

py~O~~pl~~i~.~~,

584-585

submarginal, 636-63 8

free, 13 5n, 62 8

theory of, 632-641

hours of, 13 3,599,608, 740

utilization of, 634-636,652

human, 131-137,141,489 see also, Property

immediately gratifpg, 13 7-1

3

8

Landauer, Carl, 699n

international division of, 622,824,

Oskar,

702n

826 Langlois, Charles Victor, 50n

interventionism and, 610 Laputania, 8

introversive, 137n, 584-585

Laski, Harold, 726

joy and tedium of, 585-589

Lassalle, Ferdinand, 84211, 846

legislation,

3

13-314, 363, 739,

Latin Monetary Union, 469

746-749 Laurn, Bernhard, 267n

market, 584-630

Lavoisier, Antoine Laurent, 186

Law

economic

association,

1

58-163, 168, 1 74

comparative cost and, 158-163

Gregory King, 232

marginal utility, 1 19-1 27,632

of the market, 755-756

of wages, 20n, 601,739

participation, 3 6

population, 2011, 129,174-175,

663-669

psychophysics, 125

return, 127-1 30, 338-347,663

Ricardian, 158-163, 168, 174

see also, Gresham's Law

equality under, 838

moral and natural, 146,173-1 74,

716,755,835,837

of human action, 755

see also, I'raxeology

of nature (physical), 755

see also, Sciences, natural

regarding property, 65 1

rule of, 199

see also, Liberalism; Legislation

Laymen, economic philosophy of, 464

Leadership, 138, 155,256, 311, 325

League of Nations, 683-684,79211,

82

1

Learning, see, Education

Leather, tariff on, 742

Lebenrraum, 320

Legal tender, 432n, 445,447,469,

774,777-779

see also, Currency; Fiats; Money,

paper

Legislation

commercial,

2

14

Corn Laws, 82

labor, 3 13-3 14,363,739, 746-749

legal tender, 774,777-779

licenses and, 366, 658-659

Peel's Act of 1844,569

prolabor, 3 13-3 14,73 8-741,

746-749

see also, Copyrights; Laws; Patents

Leibniz, Gottfiied Wilhelm, 13n

Leisure, 13 1

898

Human

Action

Lysenko, ~iofirn Denisovich, 49611

Lend-lease, 475

Lenin, Nikolai, 76,645

Lerner, Abba Ptachya, 803n

Level of prices, 223,395-396,410

LCvy-Bruhl, Lucien, 36-37

Liberalism

advocacy of, 149-1 57,183

banlung problems

and,

44e441

eighteenth-century, 17 3

government and, 149,283,321, 719

philosophy of, 685,837

praxeology and, 1 53-1 55

pseudo, 153

religion and, 155-1 57

see also, Market economy

Liberals

ihsions of, 157,193,860-862

self-styled, 28 1

Liberty, see, Freedom

Licenses, 366, 658-659

Life and science, 877-878

Living costs, 466

see ah, Costs; Standard of living

Loans

bank, 568

contract for, 1961 99,280,28 1,

497,524

government, 226,461

interest rate and, 455

intergovernmental, 499

market, 524,542-545,672

money, 430

short and long term, 400,441, 541

war, 228-229

see also, Credit; Credit expansion

Location of industries, 499, 506-507,

510,514

Locke, John, 13n

Logic, 25,33-38, 74,86,99, 184185

Logical positivists, 699n

Long run, 82-83,294,649

Lorenz, Max Otto, 523n, 734n

Losses, see, Profits and losses

Lottery enterprise, 109

Lozovsky, A. pseud. (Dridzo, Solo-

mon Abramovich), 76511

Lutz,

Harley, 73 1-732

Index

899

M

Machine Age, 837

Machlup, Fritz, 5 17n, 570n, 790n

MacIver, Robert Morrison, 144n

Magic, 37

Maistre, Joseph, 860

Majority rule, 76, 149, 153, 193,647n

Malinvestments, 39l,556558,56l,

580

see also, Booms; Credit expansion;

Depressions

Malthus, Thomas Robert, 664

Malthusian law of population, 20n,

129,174-1 75,663-669

Man

acting, ch. 1, pp. 1 1-29

common, 46,192-193,611,

616-617

economic, 62

inequality of, 134, 157, 173-174,

837-838

irrational, 3 14

member of society, 41

primitive, 3 3,3 638,145,600

rational, 19

real, as a datum, 646-647

vegetative, 28-29

see also, Action, human

Management, 301-305,306,703-704,

810,855

see ah, Entrepreneur; Government;

Interventionism; Ownership

Manchester School, 239,819,824, 827

Mandats

tem'toriam, French (of

1796), 425

Mangoldt, Hans Karl Emil, 289n

Marginal productivity of capital, 293

Marginal utility, 119-127,632

Margins, doctrines of, 3 3 7

Mark, German (192 3), 42 5

Market democracy, 27 1

Market economy

advantages of, 667

affected by trade cycle, 572-583

autonomy of, 752

capital, 543

case against, 829-83 1

catallactics or economics of, Part 4,

pp. 233-684

characteristics of, 258-260,678

competition and, 11 7,308-3 11

consumers and, 270,328,390

data of, ch. 23, pp. 642-659

democracy and, 27 1,678

denial of, 320

economic calculation and, 2 10-2 12

features of, ch. 15, pp. 258-323

function of, 392,757

government and, ch. 27, pp.

712-729,752-763

hampered, Part 6, pp. 712-857

individual and, 3

1

1-3 16

loan, 524,542-545,572

labor and, 584-630

money and, 398,459,543

nonmarket economy and, 206

phenomena, 2,233,312,469

price, 246, 335, 388, 756

process, 2 16, 3 30, 352

production in, 488

profit and loss in, 660462,701

public expenditures and, 22 1,734,

85 1

pure, 238-241

reaction to government interfer-

ence, 756-761

selective process of, 308-3 11,700

social cooperation and, Part 5, pp.

685-7 1 1

socialism and, 335,672,687, 7 12

stock exchanges and, 5 14-5 1 5

theory and data of, 642-643.672

versus welfare principle, ch. 35, pp.

829-850

wage rates in, 61 9-620

war and, 82 1-824

see also, Capitalism; Cycle theory;

Distribution; Entrepreneurs;

Exchange; Interventionism;

Liberalism; Monopoly, prices;

Private property

Marketability, 398,459

Marshall, Alfred, 3851-1

Marshall, John, 733

Man, Karl

communism and, 644n

doctrine of, 74,78-82,84,216n,

497,605,689491,861

900

Human

Action

socialistic approach to government,

260,265,267,671n

terms of, 268

theory of

capitalism, 612,690, 860

economists, 9

unionism, 765

wages and exploitation,

601-606,612

Marxism

analysis of capitalism, 612, 690, 860

class struggle and, 67 1n

commercial crises of, 579

criticism of economists, 9

ideology, 5,74,78-79,82,207

polylogism and, 75

production and, 141

productivity of labor and, 67Sn

socialism, 260,265, 267,67ln,

689-69 1

theoryof, 5,152,236,670-671,873

Mass production, 384,587,616

Materialism, 17, 73,79-84, 154,

193-194,217

Mathematics

equation of exchange, 393,410

gambling and, 106

geometric theorems of, 38,2 11

logic and, 99

method of economics, 25 1,257,

330,347-354,374-376,396,

410,697-698,706-711

probability, 107

treatment of theory of monopoly

prices, 374-376

see also, Calculation; Economics;

MP.IC~I~P-P~+

A.A-cA.,-

-...-ALL

Maupassant, Guy de, 268n

Mauretania, 747

Maximization of profits, 128,241-244

Maxwell, James Clark, 77

McDougall, William, 16n

Meaning, 26,28,42,59,92

Means and ends of action, 70,92-94,

201-202,208,476

Measurement

of changes, 223-224

of elasticities of demand, 55,249

of purchasing power, 22 1

of value, 121-122,205

process of, 2 10

see also, Calculation; Economic cal-

culation; Mathematics; Quantita-

tive economics

Mechanicalism, 23

Media of exchange, 40,209,395,398,

459463,774

see also, Money

Medical prognoses, 1 10

Meliorism, 192-1 94,690-69 1

Memory, 3 4-3 5

Menger, Carl, 12 1, 12 3,3 3 1,402404

Mensheviks, 152

Mental disability, 185-1 87

Mercantilism, 53,448,453,660

Metals, precious, 225

see

also, Gold; Silver standard

Metamorphosis, 34

Metaphors in language of economists,

114,117,272-273,456457,725-726

Metaphysics, 17,25,31, 32, 145-153

Methodenstreit, 4

Meyers, Albert, 647n

Meyerson,

mile,

38n

Might, l88-191,644

see also, Majority rule

Migration

wages and, 622

war and, 820,821,828

Mill, John Stuart, 107, 204,413-416,

493n, 674n

Mind and reasoning, 12, 34,50,72

Minority rule, 190, 191n

Mintage, 774

M~FCF,

Li~dwi~, 187n, 265nj 307nj

-

-----

398n, 413n, 485n,498n,674n, 70511

Mitchell, Billy, 509

Mitchell, Margaret, 62511

Mixed economy, 259-260,712

Moloch, 160,719

Monetary areas (blocs), 782

Monetary calculation, ch. 13, pp.

230-232; 39511,421-422,488,517

Monetary cooperation, international,

473475

Monetary entries in economic calcula-

tion, 213-215

Monetary Fund, International, 475,

785

Monetary or circulation credit theory,

204,430,567-573

Monetary Union, Latin, 469

Money

bimetallism and, 468469, 775-776

British problem of, 439,568,778

capital and, 5 17-520

certificate, 430,432,442

checkbook, 442

commodity, 425

credit, 425426,432n

defacto standard, 469

demand for, 398-402

economic calculation and, 2 15,225

errors in popular doctrine of,

395-398

exchange economy and, 41 5

expenditure, 22 1

features of, 47 1

fiat, 394,426,43211, 568

flexible standard, 781, 784

force of, 413416,535

government interference with, 468,

570

government issue of, 409

hot, 461-463

import and export of, 448

increase in quantity of, 409

loans, 430

market, 398,459,543

media of exchange, 40,209,395,

398,459463,774

mintage, 774

monometallism, 469

neutral, 203,250. 395-396,

413416

origin of, 402-404

paper, 409,418,780

prices, 202,206,216

purchasing power of, 22 1, 399,

405413,416-419,464,606

quantity theory of, 38,55,232,402

relation, 408,414,427429,

455459,544-547

sound, 776

stabilization of, 220

substitutes, 425-426,429431,433,

447.461.469.473

supply of, 225, 398-402,43 1, 551,

571

theory of, 186,204, 395,469, 552,

578

Index

90

1

,,,

Mussolini, Benito, 84,645, 814n

trade and, 446,455

value, 348,406,408,425-427

see also, Banking School; Banks and

banking; Credit; Currency;

Deflation; Exchange; Fiduciary

media; Gold; Gresham's Law;

Inflation; Legal tender; Silver

standard

Monism, 17,25,712

Monometallism, 469

see also, Gold; Silver standard

Monopoly

agriculture and, 367

competition, 357,378

connotation of, 277-278

copyrights, 382-383,657-658,

676-677

entrepreneurs and, 358

failure, 3 68-3 70

for cereals, by Swiss government,

3 88

gain, 369, 375

incomplete, 3 59

licenses, 366, 658-659

limited-space,

3

72

local versus urban, 370

margin, 361,366367

of demand and supply, 380-3 8 1,

591-593

patents, 360, 363, 382-383,

507-509,657-658,676-677

prices, 278, 354-376, 381-384,

676,760-761

profits and, 3 58

requirements of, 3 58-368

trend toward, 363,383-384,677-678

Montaigne, Michel, 660, 682

Morality

precepts of, 15,95, 146, 173,716,

719,755,835

profits and, 297

restraint, 175,664,719, 763

see also, Social justice; Welfare prin-

ciple vs. Market principle

Morgenstern, Oskar, 1 17n

902

Human

Action

Mysticism, 80, 166

Myth

of the soil, 640-641

N

Nagel, Ernest, 643n

Napoleon, see, Bonaparte, Louis

Narcotics, 728-729

National Recovery Administration,

365,815

Nationalism

economic, 183,682-683,819-82 1,

827-828

economic theories and, 6

German, 3 19

religion and, 148

see also, Interventionism; Socialism

Natural law, 146, 173-1 74, 71 6, 719,

755,835

see also, Morality, precepts of; Sci-

ence, natural

Natural resources, 13511, 383,635,

652453,681

Natural sciences, 59, 173-176,207,

634,664n

Nature

definition of, 64411

individual and,

1

Nazism, 76,187,268n, 3 19,698-699,

796-799

Needs, scale of, 96-97

Neo-Mercantilism, 3 23

Neosocialists, 702

Neumann, John, 1 17n

Neurath, Otto, 699n

Neurotics, 12

New Deal

agricdtural policies, 236, 3

84

National Recovery Administration,

365,815

plan to control business, 8 15

pump priming, 552

Newtonian mechanics, 4

Nietzsche, Friedrich Wilhelm, 139,

171,645,690

Nihilism, 4

Nominalism, 42

Nonmarket economy, 206

Nordic-Aryanism, 5 2

NumCraire, 250,414

0

Objective use-value, 2

1,

120, 127

Offspring, limitation of, 663-669

Oligopoly, 359-360

Omniscience, 7,69, 70

Oncken, August, 660n

One-reserve system, 462

Ontological facts, 86

Oppenheimer, Franz, 76

Orientals

customs of, 839

noncapitalistic, 665

poverty and, 832

Originary Interest, see, Interest, origi-

nary

Overinvestment, 5 565 5 8

see also, Malinvestment

Ownership

government, 650

of production, 259

private, 308,678, 719

P

Pacemakers of capitalism, 8-9,615

Pain and pleasure, 1 5

Palmer, Robert, 819n

Panic, see, Depression

Panphysicalism, 7, 8, 17-18, 23-24

Panslavism, 83 8

Papi, Ugo, 8 14n

Paraguay, 83

1

Pareto, Vilfiedo, 697, 71 In

Parity, foreign exchange and, 452,

457,781

Participation, law of, 36

Party programs, 181-184

Pascal, Blaise, 106

Passfield, Lady, see, Webb, Beatrice

Passive inflationism, 570n

Past, economic role of, 502-510

Patents,

360-363,382-383,507-509,

657458,676677

Pathology, 20

Pax Britannica, 191

Payments, balance of, 447-449,

453-455

Peace

durable, 8 19-82 1,82 7-828

war and, 147-148,680-684,817

Index

903

Peel's Act of 1844, 569

Perfection, 70,415

Period of adjustment, 648-650

Period of production, 476,484,485,

487,490-496,526,544

Period of provision, 253,478,490496

Perversity, 95

Phenomena

complex, 3 1

historical, 3 3

market, 2,233,312,469

mental grasp of, 50

of interest, 52 1-523

of valuation, 393

psychological, 483

scientific research and,

17

social, 157, 275, 287

Philosophy

background of

epistemological problems, 30-7 1

human action and, 11-29

introduction to, 1-10

confiscation, 800-801

history of, 28

revolt against reason, 72

Phlogiston theory, 41

Physiocracy, 9

Physiology, 96

see also, Natural sciences

Pierson, Nikolaas Gerard, 697

Pigou,

Arthur

Cecil, 84411

Pioneers, 13 8

Planning

advocates of, 672

argument for, 725

for freedom, 725

partial, 259

self-contradictory, 104n, 696, 784

see also, Interventionism; Socialism

PoincarC, Henri, 39n

Politics

British, 9, 147

goal of, 3 15,649,737,835

organizations of, 182

terminology of, 272-273

see also, Interventionism; Privileges;

Restrictions

Polylogism, 5,6, 7, 75-89

Pompadour, Madame, 650

Poor relief, 242,600,833-836

Population

comparative, 623-624

Malthusian law of, 20n, 129,

174175,663-669

optimum size of, 129,663,668

Positivism, 4, 17-18,26,3 1,56

Post Office Saving Service, Austrian,

442

Poverty, 242,600,670,831-836

Power

lust for, 802-803

role of, 188,643-645

Pragmatism, 23-24,32,126n

Praxeology

attack upon, 5

capital and, 482,5 12

causality and, 22

changes and, 3 5 2

concept of the present, 100-101

definition of, 3, 12,28,32,142,235

economics and, 1-3,92,95,497,879

formal and aprioristic character of,

32-41,64,407

history and, 28, 30-32, 100

liberalism and, 153-1 55

limitations on concepts of, 69-71

method of, 2 37

objective of, 185

polylogism and, 77-84

prediction of, 1

1

7-

1 18

principles of, 402

psychology and, 12,123-127,

483-485

reality and, 3 9,92,642

research, 18-2

1

science of, 7, 10, 15, 36,3940, 51,

64,68,160,173,642,647

socialism and, 69 1-693

temporal character of, 99-100

see also, Action, human; Sciences

Precapitalistic era, 61 5

Predetermined harmony, doctrine of,

240

Prediction

business, 649,866-868

economic, 105, 117

quantitative, 207