Маслов Ю.В., Маслова М.Е., Якименко Е.В. Текстовый тренажер по английскому языку. Готовимся к централизованному тестированию

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Text 1

3alaune l. Ilpouumafrme merccm- 3anonnume

nponycrcu

I-4

odnun

ue

npednoucennux

rneKctnoaux

frpaeltenmoe.,{ea

Qpaeuenma

as4flnmcn

nuwHun4u.

Isn't

it fun to

go

for a ride

in the

rain?

To

hear

the

patter

of raindrops

on the

roof

ofthe

car and

to

watch

the windshield

wipers

swing back and

forth? Have

you

ever

wondered

who

invented

those handy

wipers?

VEll, I hadn't either,

but

Martha

J.

Beckman

recently

wrote and said

that

it was Mary

Anderson

who invented

them

way

back in 1902.

One

day Mary

was visiting relatives in New York

City,

where

she had her first

ride in a trolley car, in

the rain.

(1)

...

When

Mary

returned

home

to

Alabama,

she

kept thinking about

that ride and came up with

the idea of

a

moving

arm that would ilean

the outside of

the

windshield,

but work from the

inside of the car.

(2)

... Mary's window-cleaning

device had

to

be

operated

by

hand, but

it was much better

-

and

safer!

-

than having

to

get

out

of

the car to

wipe

the

windshield.

(3)

...

So

Mary

got

a

patent

from the

government,

a certificate saying

no one

else

could make or sell her idea

without her

consent.

The wipers

weren't a success immediately

-

most cars didn't even

have windshields then!

But

by

the time

Mary died in 1953,

all cars had

windshield

wipers.

(4)

...

More important,

she

had the

satisfaction

of

knowing

she had

probably

saved many lives

with the convenience

and

safety of her invention.

'1.

And of course

it kept the

driver

dry.

2. Mary became

world-famous

and received

a

lot

of ariards for her

clever invention.

3.

In

those

days, drivers

had

to stop the car,

get

out, and wipe offthe

windshield by

hand.

4.

She

drew

her idea on

paper

and took it to

a friendly blacksmith

who made up a

model for her.

5. And Marywas

awealthywoman.

6. She made

the first

specimen

herself

and

persuaded

a sympathetic

neighbor

to

give

it a try.

34Aanne

2.

Bafuepume

uauftotee

nodxo\nt4ee

3aznaoue

dnn

merccma

us

nPe

dnotrceuubtx

H

uxrce

6

aguaum

o

e'

1. AWoman

Was

There

First'

2.

Nothing

New

Under

the

Sun'

3.

There's

No

Bad

$bather

for

Driving'

l.

lVttv Not

Go

for

a

Ride

in

the

Rain?

Text

2

3aAanne

l.

Ilpouumailme

merccm'

3anotuume

nponycrcu-I-4

odnun

us

npranor*iin**

*'*"*o'wsc

Qpaemenmoe

"ll'ea

Qpaentenma

fl1nnnmcfl

nuwHuMU'

in

the

ap

a

da

of

chipboard.

(3)

...The

mold

is

Pr

laminated

sheet

of

chipboard

into

h

So next

time

You're

working

o

brock

whose

special

talents

create

1.

The

puzzleis

thpn

broken

apart

by

a machine

and

packaged'

ready

to

sell.

2.Roebrockisoneofaverysmallgroupofpeoplewhoactuallyde-

sign

and

draw

jigsaw puzzles

by

hand'

^

3.

Specially+rainiJleople

separate

pieces

of

puzzle and

package

them

into

colored

boxes'

4.

When

the

grue-ilis

dried,

the

puzzle

is

ready

to

be

cut'

using

Roe-

brock's

design.

5.Thesestripsareverysharpandwillbeusedtocutthefinalpuzzle.

6.

Mr.

Roebrocki';;;i;;;t;

unique'

consequentlv

they

are

quite

expensive.

5

."]::::: *:g,i:

yl,Ir*"

i",

uitiii

or

ii',

ii,*i,,^

&;;:;";,:;r";,

its

s^equel

Huckleberry

Finn,

andottrer

ctassics.

:y^,-1".',:_,p::Tg-li,lireas";;iit:_'il;;;;ffi::"1,ff#1;

:,:,r*^l:?

-y:!,^but

he

kepr

practicing

anJ

r;;;;;;ily

;r;il"?#l;

author

to

use

a

typewriter

professionaiiy.

*liil*y:lp1c];ilns.investedi,*"iEriii";;::fi;;,";:,.::uffit

l1o:9,:ll1:T;

::ot1ng

from

u

-..

r,"ni.ui

;;ffi

Jffi

ffi

;i;

food

made

from

dried

milk.

H:,XT^tt

.l,il

t

s z1,

his

"

self-p"ast-ing

;

;;;;r,il;?'#f,fi

H,lil

ilT:?::"::-o-l'::.:,"1,-:,.,,lil"glro.o^.^.""r,i*Jrff."#;d#

*i;""t:::::i::,:l*li:Jasrpatenti,rssii"i;tGffi

il;ffi

fi

a

game

designed

to

help

childrin

learn

historv;;: ,;;;:

/l\ m r.

(4)...

fo

him,

the

important

th

wrote,

'

to

be

;;6;

ffi:

d

*ittr

a

few

inventions

of

his

own

and

earned

him

exclusive

rights

to

make

and

s"i-lt

e

proA_

2.

Clemens

never

earned

much

mon6y

from

his

inventions,

but

he

didn't

mind.

3'

Imagine

his

excitement

when

he

bought

his

first

typewriter

in

r874!

6

Text

3

344arue

l' Ilpouumailme

merccm-

3anotmume

nponycKu

r-4

odnun

us

npedttotrce

nnbx

meKcmosta

ep

aeue

nmoe.

fie

a

ep

atie

nma

teltqtumct

nuwHuMU.

3aganre

2.

Bw1epume

n

3aenaoue

dns

merccma

uc

npedtotrcenu

l.

A

Piece

of

Cake!

2.

A

Nut

Too

Hard

to

Crack.

3.

Art

orCraft?

4.

Hooked

on

Making

puzzles.

4. Finally Clemens

got

bankrupt

due to his

passion

for inventions.

5.

Eventually Clemens came

to

rcalize

that he

was

not

destined

to

be

an

inventor and

concentrated on

literature.

6.

He

often

gave

money

to

inventon

to help

them develop

their

ideas.

3aAanue

2,

Batdepume uau1onee

nodxodsuee

saenqsue

dm

merccma

us

npe dnouce

nubx

Husce

6

ap

uaHmos.

1. Wth

a

Little

Bit of

Imagination.

.

Z.The

WriterWho

Had

It

in

Him.

3.

Literature

and

Invention Don't

Mix.

.4.

Writer's

Typewriter

is Not

Everything.

.

Text

4

3a.qaune l. Ilpovumaitme merccm.

Sanonuume

nponycrcu

1-4 odnuu

us

np edrcrceu

uux mencmoewx

Qp

aeuenmo

e.,{e

a

Qpaeue

nma

aeMnmcnnaw$uMu,

What if

His

Majesty

Dom

Pedro, Emperor

of Brazil,

hadn't

visited

the Philadelphia Centennial

Exhibition

in

1876?

Would

we

have

the

telephone?

An

unknown

Bostonian,

teacher

in a school

for

the de

inventor, had built

a

strange

contraption

that

he

claimeb

to each other over long

distances. At

the

1876 Exhibition,

young

Alex-

ander Graham

Bell could

only

booth in

an obscure

comer

of

the

great

hall, where I

of

what

he

called

a

"telephone".

Nobody

was

interested!

(1)

... The

Exhibition

judges

ignored

him. The

discouraged

inventor

was

ready

to

pack.up

and

go

home.

Then

the

Emperor

of Brazil happened

to

pass

by. His

Majesty, who

had once met

Professor Bell

at

the Boston

school,

greeted

him

cordially

and asked about his

work.

(2)

...

As Alexander Graham Bell

told the story laler,

"He

too(my arm

and

walked

offwith me

-

and,

of course,

where

an

Emperor led the

way the

other

judges.followed.

And the

telephone

exhibit

was

saved.

It was the

pivotal

point

on

which

the

whole telephone

tumed. There was

Dom

Pe-

dro, rushing

along

at

a

very un-Emperor-like

gait,

followed

by

a number

ofothers".

(3)...

A

lucky

break?

Maybe.

With

or

without

the Emperor

of Brazil,

I

think Bell's invention

would

have

succeeded

sooner

or later. We

all

have

the

same

share of

good

luck

and

bad

luck.

(4)

...

As

it

always

does.

It's

not

just

being lu0ky. Mainly, it's being ready.

?:..::l]ln:

e11g"l.

ot

newfangled

norons?

paulette

Bochnig

Shar_

5::y:,3:1T:':lauthors;"r.ldi;;;;ffi:;";;iliffi

;

i::tt"?t:":.y"yg:rilr"ngfascinationwithinvenrions,especial_

f? ;;:,1:,::: *n^3

g_t"I

: f.13.

in

large_pronts

rate

r.

Unfortunate

ry,

{1};

jf:-:":-"';"?f

,l?1L:ldtogethera

man,s

shirr,

vest,

and

pants.

1.

Many

scholars

plaimed

they

had

similar

ideas,

iust

never

got

down

to

realizing

them.

2

cientist

is the

ability

to ignore

bad

luck.

3

overlooked

inventibn,

thi

Emperorgrew

very

t.

\

4.

The

important

thing

is to

keep

on

in

spite

of

bad luck

and

to

rec-

olnize

good

luck

when

it

strikes.

5.

Many

scientists

thought

it

was

a fake.

6.

Thanks

to the

Emperor,

Bell's

invention

began

drawing

enthusias-

tic attention

-

and

we all

know

the

result.

3aAaune

2. Bofiepume

nau6oree

nodxodat4ee

saelraeue

dtn

merccma

us

,

npednotcenHux

HuJrce

6apuaHmo6.

1.

Emperors

Have

a

Weakness

for

progress.

2.

One Exhibition

That

Changed

the World.

3. Inventions

That

Could

Have

Been

Overlooked.

4.

AYoung

Inventor's

Unbelievable

St0ry.

Text

5

3a4anne

1,.

Ilpoaumailme

merccm.

3anonuume

nponycKu

I-4

odnuu

us

npednotrcennux

meKcmosux

epaeuenmoe.,{ea

fipaeuenma

tetltrcmct

lruwHultu,

(4).

ful

cera

we

call

with

it.

8

tween.

4.

These

leaves.

1.

The

Chinese

guarded

their

secret

for three

thousand

years'

i.

Imagine

,orrr.lhing

so marvelous

coming

from

something

so

mod-

est:

from

a cocoon

to

a

Party

gown!

---

l.

ffi.to.V

does

give

us

.itnitur

examples

but

they

are

few

and

far

be-

caterpillars

are

hnicky

and

only

eat

mulberry

5.

The

Empress

had

discovered

silk'

6.

The

Chinese

perfected their

art

of

silk-making'

3a,qanne

2.

Babepume

uau6onee

nodxolnqee

sazrtarue

dnn

merccma

np edrctrceurubffi

Huxrce

s

aP uaHmo6'

1.

How

Silk

Came

to

EuroPe.

2.

WhatAll

CaterPillars

Know

3.

One

Day

in

EmPress'

Life.

4. Silk

from

China:

Legend

and

Reality'

Text

6

3aAauue

l. Ilpovumailme

merccm.

3anonuume

nponycKu

1-4

oduuu

us

npedtocrcennblx

meK,cmosatx

Qpazuenmoe',[ea

Qpaeneuma

tgnnnmcfl

lruwHuMw.

Try

to think

of

something

expensive.

Rgatly

expensive'

So

valuable

that

t-he

very

people

who

produced it

would

be

locked

away

so

no

one

else

could

tbarn

itreir

seciets.

(1)

...

Better

t"hink

again.

Look

out

the

*indo*

and

see

if that

gives

you

an

idea.

Do

you

see

what

we

are talking

about?

You

should.

It's

glass.

According

to

KathiJ

Kerler

Bastian,

for

centuries

simple

glass

was

as

precious

is

Sewetry.

Why was

it so

valuable?

Not

because

of

its

in-

gi.ai."tr. Sand,

sodi,

and

lime

have

always

been

cheap

andabundant'

iii

...

u"til

eigtrt

hundred

years

ago,

glass

was

generally

full

of

faults

and

discolorations

and

was

very

fragile'

But

around

1200,

Veneiiun

irtirutrr

discovered

a

method

for

produc-

ing

a thin,

easily

worked,

nearly

colorless

glass

called

"crystallo"'

Al-

Iti"gl

it was

piized

for

iis beauty,

people

soon

realized

that

flat

pieces

oi;'c-rystallo"

iould

be

made

into

mirrois

or

ground into

clrvej'

creating

Grr.".

fo,.

spectacles,

telescopes,

and

microscopes'

Venetian

"crystallo"

was

both

pretty

and

very

practical.

(3)

..'

To

protect

its iecret,

Venice

passed laws

in

1291

threatening

death

to

gtassm'akers

who

left

thf

city

ot

guu"

foreigners

the

formula

for

crystallo.

ih.n,

for added

security,

the

city

moved

the

entire

industry

to

the

island

of

Murano.

(4)...

But

\Gnice

couldn't

keep its secret

forever, and

advanced

glassmak-

ing

techniques

spread tb

other

countries. Now

glass

is one

of our most

common

materials, available

not

just

in mirrors, lenses,

and crystal

gob-

lets,

but in fireproof

insulation and optical

fibers

that carry

telephone

\

messages. The

glassmakers

of

Murano

never imagined

so many uses

for

)heir

secret treasure.

1.

Although the workers received

many ofthe

privileges

of noblemen,

they lived

like

prisoners.

2.

The art of

glass-making

was

passed

down from

father to

son, no

outsiders. were

allowed.

3. But

mixing those ingredients correctly and turning

them into

use-

ful objects takes

time and skill.

4. Are

you

thinking of

gold,

silver, or diamonds?

5. Glass

brought unheard-of

riches

to

lvbnice.

6. As

long as the city could keep its

glassmaking

methods

secret, it

commanded

enoffnous wealth.

34!anne

2, Bodepume nau6onee nodxodnu4ee

sae/tanue dttn merccma

ue

npedlotrcennux Hulrce

eapuaHmos.

1. It

Has Always Been Around.

2.Life

without

Glass

-

Why

Not?

3. The Heritage

of

Medieval

ry'enice.

4.

Extraordinary

History of Something Ordinary

Text 7

3a.qaxne l. Ilpouumaitme

merccm. 3anotuume nponycKu

l-4 odHun

ue

npefutoctcennwx

meKcmoeux

fipaanenmoe.,[e.a

Qpaenenma

ng,qflpmcf,

lwwHulru,

If

you

look in

your

kitchen,

you'll

see lots

of man-nrade

containers

for

cookirtg and

storage.

(1)

... All over the world

people

still use a

natu-

tal

contalner that's

been

with

us

for thousands

of

years:

the dried fruit

of

the bottle

goufd.

Gourds make

good

canteens and water

jarq

in

hot climates,

because

theit woody

sides leak

very

slowly, helping to cool liquids

by

evaporation.

The

New Zealand

Maoris used

gourds

to

preserve

food:

they

dropped

cooked

meat inside

and corered

it with hot

fat. Once

the fat hardened,

the meat was

protected

by an airtight seal

-

ju$t

like a

modern-day

plas-

tic

sarrdwich

bag.

People have even cooked with

gourds

by

placing

fire-

heated

rocks into a

gourdful

of stew!

l0

(2) ...

There

are

gourd m

muiical

instruments.

(3)

"'

arden

shoP

or

flea

market'

Pick

:T::1"'11ik,ll'ilJi'??3i1ii

of

style.

1.

A

stringed

instrument

from

India

called

a

sitar

uses

gourd

resona-

tors

io

Oeepe-n

its

sound

and

make

it

loude-r'

2.

Maybe

yo,r'tt .u.iinu"Ju

"t*

utg.fgt

these

ancient

fruits!

3.

Did

you

.u.,

*o-na"i

*iiui

p"opr.

did

before

all

these

modern

ma-

terials

were

available?

4.

Why

bother

inventing

new

materials

if

nature

has

an

unlimited

store?

5.

It

might

b

ngs'

6.

It's

amazi

out

of

gourds.

Sa,qanue

2.

Btflepume

nau1onee

nodxodnt4ee

saetanue

dM

merccma

us

nPedttomeuubx

Huilce

s aP

uaHmo6'

1.

Replacing

Plastic-based

Technology'

2.

On

Environment-friendly

Kitchenware'

3.

What

a

Multi-PurPose

Fruit!

4.

Masks,

Music,

and

What

Not'

Text

8

3a,qanne

l.

Ilpouumailme

merccm'

3anot

u3

nPefutolrcennbt

meacmoet'tx

ma

flsnflnmcfl

lluwHuMw'

If

someone

told

you

to

"put

a

sock

in

it

k-that

per-

son

was

being

rude.'iei

in

tt'"

t"tt

1800s'

'

o'putting

a

11

phone.

In 1887,

Emil Berliner made further

improvements, changing

the cylinder

to a disc

that could spin on a mechanical tumtable.

(2)...

Wbll, while

people

were improving devices

to

record

sound, no

one was changin!

the way these recordings

were

played. (3)

... The

sound

just

blared

out through a large

horn, always at the same level. To

keep

the noise

down,

someone would literally "put a sock"

-

or a

woolen ball

or something

similar

-

into

the hom. All the way up through the 1920s

and 1930s,

teenagers

were stuffing socks into their record

players

to keep

their

parents

from

complaining.

(4)

... But the

phrase

stuck around.

Now, when

people

tell

you

to

put

a sock

in it,

you'll

know exactly

what they mean

-

even if they don't!

l.What could

someone

possibly

stuffa sock into

to be

polite?

2.

Eventually someone

did

invent

a volume control, and

socks

went

back

on

people's

feet.

3.

People

liked to have their music loud and

clear.

4. But

what

does all this have to do with socks?

5.

"Putting

a sock in it': has nothing

to

do with

clothes"or footwear.

6. There

was no such thing as a volume control.

3a4aHne

2. Bwfiepume

nau6onee nodxodaqee 3a?naaue

dn merccma

us

np

e inotrce uuux HttJrce 6 ap u aH m o 6.

1. Spare

Our Ears!

2. There Is

a Story behind Most Idioms.

3.

How

the Gramophone Came into Being.

4. People

WouldAlways Find

aWay.

Text I

3a,qanne l. Ilpouumailme

merccm. 3anonnume nponycKu

1-4 odnun

us

npe

dtotrce unux merccmorwx

Qp

az-uenmoe.,[e

a

Qpaeue

nma

telnnmcfr

JluutHuMu.

S'b've all heard of

drinking

water,

but how about drinking

fog? Patri-

cia Thomas

says that the 330 inhabitants of Chungungo,

a small "desert"

town in

Chile, actually drink fog every day. A thick

fog, called

camancha-

ca,

rises fromthe Pacific

Ocean and covers Chile's northern

coastline.

For

hundreds

of

years,

this moisture-rich mist has helped water

the lush forest

that

covers the hills

above Chungungo.

(1)

... This dripping water

gives

the

appearance

that the

tree is creating

rain

at

its

top.

(2)

...

In

1985, after the

people

ofChungungo

had

been suffering

from

a

twenty-year drought,

scientists decided to investigate

this magic

fog to

find

out if they

could use

it

to collect water for

the

village. They

installed

t2

75

plastic-mesh

nets

on

l2-foot-tall

wooden

posts

and

soon

discovered

right

out

of

thin

-

or

in this

case

foggy

-

air.

l.

when

the

fog

passes

through

the

nets,

moisture

sticks

and

accu-

mulates

to

form

water

droPs.

2.

The

local

inhabitanti

considered

this

phenomenon

a

kind

of

mir-

acle

and

were

in

awe

of

it.

3.

When

the

fog touches

offand

fall

to the

base

ofthe

4. Researchersthinkth

in

other

develoPing

countries.

-

5. Unfortutiatety

this

method

of

accumulating

water

is

unique

and

of

the

area

found

this

extraordinary

ey actually

worshiped

the

water-giving

trees.

3aAanne

2. Bw6epume

uau6otee

nodxoda4ee

saena^ue

dtn

merccma

ug

npednotrceuuux

Hu?rce

6 a7uaumoo.

1. Green

Leaves

lnstead

of

TaPs.

2. Next

Best

Thing

to Running

Water.

3.

Hard

Life

in the

Rain

Forest

Region.

4.

Making

Good

Use of

Natural

Phenomena.

Text

1 O

3a,qanue

l.

Ilpouumailme

merccm'

3anot

u3

npeilnocrceuubx

merccmaeux

ma

flg,ntnmcn

nuwHulilu.

Here's

somethin

slow

your

breathing

long,

loopY

electric

on?

Something

we

year

doing:

sleePing.

13

We don't

have

to figure

out how

to sleep. It happens

naturally.

(1)

... Scientists

tell

us there

are many different

and complicated

kinds

of sleep:

deep, light,

dreaming,

all happening

during a single

night.

We

aren't aware

of it

-

we're

too busy sleeping.

(2)

...

Yes. Insects.

Theyjust

sort

of

sit

and take

it easy

for a while.

But why

sleep atall?

Why not

just

rest, like

crickets and beetles?

No-

body really

knows for

sure.

(3)

... A sort of recess

period,

time

out to shut

down

our daytime

thoughts.

Without

that

nightly

break, we

get

cranky,

our attention

wanders,

it's harder to

learn new things.

Whatever

the reason,

sleeping is how

we

get

ready

to be awake

and

alert.

Some new

studies

show that adults, as

well as

young people,

need

more.

sleep than

they

normally

get.

(4)

...

For

you

-and

them,

too!

1. Next

time

your

parents

tell

you

it's time for

bed, it

probably

is.

2.

But it's

also a very

mysterious

occupation.

3.

Scientists

have been

studying the

phenomenon

of

sleep for

de-

cades.

4.

Many researchers

believe sleep is not

only a way of

getting

back

our

body's energy,

but more important,

of

restoring

our mental

energy.

5. Are there

any creatures that

don't sleep?

6. Actually,

sleep is

a very simple

process.

3a4alrne

2. Bw6epume

uau1onee nodxodnqee

saeJtasue dnn

merccnla

us

np

e dn olrceuubtx

H u)rce s ap ua Hm o

e.

1.

Sleep,

a Great Time-waster.

2. Effective

Way

to Acquire

New Energy.

3. Something

We

Can

Surely Do Wthout.

4.

Have

Some Sweet

Dreams Tonight!

Text

1 1

3aAauue

l. Ilpoaumailme

merccm.

3anontume nponycKu

I-4 oduuu

us

np

edtotrce nnux

maccmonta

fip

aeuenmoe.,[e

a

Qpaenen

ma

nenflnmcfl

nuwHaMu.

Worms

on ice? No,

it's not

a

far-out

new skating

show; Wanda

M. Tra-

wick

assures

that there

really is such

a thing as an ice worrn.

This

tiny

black

member

ofthe earthworm

familywas discovered

on

Muir Glacier

in

Alaska in

the 1880s.

It

also lives on

glaciers

in

Siberia and

Greenland.

No one has

yet

discovered

how

the worrns thrive at

such low

temper-

atures

of even

more remarkable,

how

their eggs manage to

hatch in

the

icy

surroundings.

Scientists

do know that if the

temperature

gets

above

I4

40.8

the

worms

die

a

1) ...

We're

not

sure

how

long

the

worrns

live

in

nature,

kept

alive

in

laboratory

refrigera-

tois

for

nearly

a

Year.

*^itt...

R;d

allae,

their

shes

during

the

lons

sum-

..iZ"V.

oitheiar'north

often

found

near

patches

of

,,red

snow",

areas

where

large

quantities of

the algae

have

tinted

the

ough

the

ice to

feed

in

the

evening,

and

theit

hugd

numbers

appear

as

.

(4)

...

But

be

careful

where

You

mansion

of

a

colonY

of

worms!

1. Although

they

are

only

a

half-inch

to

an

inch

in

length,

ice

worms

aren't

hard

to

sPot.

-

i.flr'lv

also

die

if

the

temperatur€

gets

much

below

freezing'

i.

Sri.ntirt,

have

found

out

that

ice

worms

can

su.ive

low

tempera-

tures

b!

hibernating.

4. Iiyou

ever

gei

to

visit

a

glacier

inhabited

by

worms,

start

watching

for

them

in

the

late

evening.

5.

Ice

worms

haVe

protective coloring

which

helps

them

survive.

;:

i;;

;;;;

i.ta

bn

pollen

and

alpe

that

the

wind

blows

onto

the

surface

ofthe

glacier.

3aAarme

2.

Bwdepume

nau1oiee

nodxodnupe

sa?iaeue

dnn

merccma

us

npednojrceHHbtx

Hu)rce

sdpuaumoe'

1. Natural

Miracles

Yet

to Be

Explained'

2.

HowAbout

FreshlY

FrozenWorms?

3.

How

to

Survive

on

IcY

Glaciers.

4. Another

Puzzling

Phenomenon'

Text

1 2

3a,qanne

l.

Ilpouumailme

merccm.

3anonnume

nponycrcu-I-4

odnuu

us

npedao*entbffi

meKcmoeaa

Qpaeuenmoa',[ea

Qpaeuenma

ngnnnmcn

lluwHulilU'

Imagine

eating

a

purple

grape

and

turning

purple!

(1)

"'

Actually'

sea

.r"gr

.uT

irtings

fie

sea

inemohes,

hydroids'

sponges'

and

jellyhsh'

but

iio"ntof

tnr

irorsels

happens

to

be

purple,

or

some

other

color,

the

slW

will

automatically

change

to

that

hue.

--

Sea

slugs

stori

the

pi-gments from

their

food

in

specialized

cells

called

"fr.o.utop'ttores.

Chan[es

in

the

shapes

and

sizes

ofthe

chromatophores

cause

the

sea

slug

to

change

color.

(2)

..'

t5

sea

sh'es

also

have

other

ways

ofprotecting

themselves.

Many

species

se-

crete

a

slimy

mucus

that

smels

and

tastes

hoilble;

i"

tt

.r"

"^J.,

irr.

,rugr'

bright

coloration

wams

enemies

that

the

slugwould

not

be

fun

to

eat.

L.:l^r..::!:-T"."slugscalledeolidshas-yetanotherdef"n.".iii"v.ut

vJ

wat

::9 :::t:j[ l:ryp:yrtr,

or

sringing

cells,

found

i,ri"ilynrr,,

r,va^ioio.,

A;11:* ::..'l: l"g. il lle

c

o I

o rtuI

n

i. or.

r*"

i;r

il;;

;;

;;k

A;

.:

1,v1: "- f :'^"9 _1ip"r

touches

u

n"-"to

"v.t,;

Ai;

;;;;d

*ilr,;i;;

poison

shoots

out

like

a

harpoon.

Among

the

few

preoators

th;il#;;

eat

eolids

are

some

starfish

and

parasitic

io.-,

-

ilthey

can

find

the

sea

slug

hiding

on

its

food.

colorfi.rl

sea

slugs

in

the

shallow

ocean

er

to

watch

out

for

poisonous

stingers

1'

he

slug

can

crawl

around

on

its

favorite

food

with-

out

b

enemies.

?.

And

be

prepared

to

rook

very

carefully,

or

you

won't

see

them

at

ail!

.

3.

Aquabiologists

say

that

if

you

were

a sei

slug,

tt

ut,r.*t

"i

would

happen.

4.

But

beware

-

they

are

always

on

the

ready

forthe

attack!

?'

Th:

stinging

cells

are

not

j'*t

rru.mLr.

ro,

their

new

hosts,

they

are

beneficial.

6.

Here

the

cells workjust

as

well

forthe

srug

as

they

did

forthe

origi-

nal

owner.

344anne

2.

Bw6epume

n

saanctnue

ilnn

merccma

us

.

npednotrcenu

1.

Underwater

Chameleons.

2.

Watch

Out

for

poison

and

Smell.

3.

Changing

Colors

Is

Fashionable.

4.

If

Only

One

Could

Be

a

Slug!"

Text

1

3

3a4anne

l.

Ilpovumailm

onycKu

l_4

odnuu

us

nped4otceuu

moe.,[ea

fipaeuenma

t?nnrcmct

lawHuMA.

When

ired,

a

dog

or

cat

will

head

for

home.

(1)

...

Juli

ently

abouisome

smaller,

undomesticated

creatures

detetmined

to

retum

home.

15

Martin Thomhill

of

England

cqnducted

an experiment with

a common

toad. First,

he took

the toad

from

its favorite

lily

pad

and

placed

it in a hedge

about

fifty

yards

away. Soon, the

toad was back. He then carried it a

quarter

of a mile

away; within

a week, the toad

returned

again. He marked it

with

red

paint

and

set it free

a mile away. In less than ten days, the toad hopped

across

country and

through town

to

retum to its favorite spot.

Snails also can

cover considerable

ground

on a homing

trip if they

are

removed from

a backyard.

(2'1...

And

some crabs, taken as

far

as

sixty

miles up

the coast,

have found their

way

back to their original shelter.

Some butterflies,

too,

have their homecomings. Canadian monarch

butterflies

travel long distances

-

some across the ocean,

some

to

pass

the

winter in Florida

or southem California.

But

every spring, their

homlng in-

stinct

makes them

retum to Canada.

(3)

... This instinct to fly homeward

is

so

highly developed

that they

have

even been known to

fly

through

railway

tunnels and open

houses

ratherthan change

their course.

(4)

...

1.

The

sight

of

hundreds of monarchs in flight,

steadily

pressing

in

one

direction,

is unforgettable.

2. Some creatures

seem to

possess

a built-in compass

prompting

them

the right

way.

3. All creatures

seem to agree-there's no

place

like home!

4. All

domesticated animals-horses, cows, sheep, and

even

pigs-

have this

homing instinct.

5. Only

truly serious obstacles can

prevent

them from

returying

home.

6. They will

make every effort to retum, climbing over and

around

many obstacles.

3aAanne

2. Bufiepume

uaudonee nodxodnu'pe

3aelaeue

inn merccma

us

npednocrceunux

Hucrce napuaHmos.

l. East or

West, Homecoming Is Best.

2. A Common

Toad on the Road.

3. Wildlife

Creatures'

Amazing

Abiliry

4. Basic

Instinct or Basic Tiaining?

Text

1 4

3a,qanne

l. Ilpouumailme merccm. 3anottaume nponycou

l:4 odnuu

us

npednocrcenuux meKcmolatx

Qpaenenmoe.,[ea Qpaeuenma

tSnurcmcn

nulaHulrlu.

We

have heard

a lot lately about

the role of

women in the military.

If

you

listen

to the media,

you'd

think that women leading

soldiers

t7

Маслов Ю.В., Маслова М.Е., Якименко Е.В. Текстовый тренажер по английскому языку. Готовимся к централизованному тестированию

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