Магеррамов Э.А. Газета Коммунист (на азерб. языке) и вопросы восстановления сельского хозяйство Азербайджанской ССР (1921-1928 гг.)

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vik party is highly appreciated. It is not accidental, that during

the researched time under the instructions of AC(b)P Central

Committee and Aliheydar Garayev's leadership in the editorial

office of the newspaper “Kommunist” called the snake pit of

nationalists repeatedly had been carried out the cleansing opera-

tions from the “nationalist elements”.

It is estimable that Azerbaijan was the first among Turkic

and Moslem people who transferred to Latin alphabet. Although

there existed Moslem states financial position of which was

good enough, but the first type-writers writing with linotype line

was made in the USA with order of Azerbaijan in 1925, and the

first linotype line writing with Arabian alphabet also had been

printed just in Azerbaijani.

The best Azerbaijan intellectuals had gathered together at

that time just in the editorial stuff of the “Kommunist” newspa-

per. Abdurrahim bey Hagverdiyev, Mammad Said Ordubadi, Ja-

far Jabbarly, Azim Azimzadeh, Hanafi Zeynally, Salman Mum-

taz, Aliabbas Muznib, Seyid Jafar Pisevari, Aziz Sarif, Almas Il-

dyrym, Xudadat bey Azizbeyov, Boyukagha Talibly, Aghababa

Yusifzadeh, Habib Jabiyev, Mir Jalal Pasayev, Ruhulla Axun-

dov and others were among them. Aliagha Vahid, Afrasiyab Ba-

dalbeyli, Ahmad Rajabli, Murtuza Naghiyev, Uzeyir Hajibeyov,

Huseyn Javid and some other writers closely cooperated with

the newspaper, and with their beautiful works they made it more

readable.

Just due to them, correspondents in the national spirit had

been brought up. Writings of these correspondents with patriotic

feelings were distinguishing the “Kommunist” newspaper from

other newspapers.

Problems connected with soil construction, creation of fa-

cilities and equipment for the restoration and development of ag-

riculture, purchasing and bringing, repairing and selling of the

agricultural engineering are elucidated in chapter II called “The

“Kommunist” newspaper and restoration of the husbandry”. One

332

of the most important paragraphs drawing attention has been de-

voted to the restoration of water economy. Remiss activities of

both “Mughmelstroy” and “Zakvodkhoz (Transcaucasia Water

Economy)” in Azerbaijan is criticized on the basis of pointed

materials published in the “Kommunist” newspaper, at the same

time, correction of the mistakes in brief space of time by Water

Economy Office created under management of Azerbaijan,

complete restoration of water economy at breakneck speed, the

important part played in this by the “Kommunist” newspaper is

elucidated in details. This innovation is included to the scientific

circulation for the first time. The same should be said about the

paragraph dealing with regulation of the tax problems. In this

paragraph is dealt in details with surplus tax that Azerbaijan was

obliged to pay, objection of even Russian-lover chiefs of Azer-

baijan to this issue, at last due to the reforms carried release of

Azerbaijan from paying agricultural and unique agricultural

taxes and passing to property tax system. Thanks to innovation

brought to science for the first time it becomes clear that when

the budget of the Transcaucasian Federation was divided, Azer-

baijan had less share than neighbor republics, in addition, the

share was not always given in full amount; the remainder of the

finance was transferred to Georgia and Armenia. Besides, even

such discrimination occurred in gathering of the tax for per

head. According to the quotation from the “Kommunist” news-

paper appears that the tax collected from the Azerbaijani was 2.1

times more than levied from the Georgian, and 1.7 times more

than the tax levied from the Armenian. Although Armenia and

Georgia had never paid the tax norm, Azerbaijan had paid taxes

to the fund of Transcaucasian Federation more than they two to-

gether.

As it was shown in the “Kommunist” newspaper, at last

reforms in the tax system saved Azerbaijan from paying taxes

instead of neighbour republics.

Chapter III called “The Kommunist (Communist)” news-

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paper and the problems of restoration of agricultural plant-gro-

wing deals with the restoration and development of plants, cot-

ton-growing, etc; the role of the “Kommunist” newspaper in the

solution of these problems. Information is given how in a short

period of time grain-crops were restored by the peasants having

gained lots. The “Kommunist” newspaper gave recommenda-

tions to village workers about rules of husbandry, periodically

were distributed them free of charge small booklets about the

organization of the agricultural produce. Achievements earned

in the cotton-growing draws attention. Thanks to the articles

published in the “Kommunist” newspaper Azerbaijan could es-

cape from the claws of Russian-Azerbaijan Cotton-Growing

Company which discriminating against her, strived to take pos-

session of the republic. Even Russian-lover state and govern-

ment chiefs of the republic achieved driving out of the admini-

stration of the company from Azerbaijan. It was a completely

unexpected event for that time and still not been known in the

scientific literature. This chapter deals with successful combat-

ing against the agricultural pests. The “Kommunist” newspaper

published materials on pages roughly every day.

Chapter IV of the monograph is called “The Kommunist”

newspaper in struggling for restoration of cattle-breeding”. In

this chapter is dealt about the state of the cattle-breeding and

pasture, restoration of cattle-breeding, combating with cattle

diseases and the role of the “Kommunist” newspaper in fulfill-

ment of these tasks, and lightening of the most important prob-

lem of the day on its pages.

In the “Conclusion” is made generalization.

Offers proposed for the organization and improvement of

works of the system of press and agriculture in modern Azerbai-

jan Republic, to our mind, having been logical result of the long-

term researches and analyses are of concrete practical impor-

tance.

334

ОГЛАВЛЕНИЕ

ОТ РЕДАКТОРА – д.и.н., проф. Т.А.Мусаева .................................... 3

ВВЕДЕНИЕ............................................................................................. 6

ГЛАВА 1. Становление и развитие газеты "Коммунист"........... 31

ГЛАВА 2. Газета "Коммунист" и вопросы восстановления

земледелия.......................................................................... 88

2.1. Землеустроительные вопросы...................................... 88

2.2. Создание материально-технической базы для восста-

новления сельского хозяйства .................................... 97

2.3. Восстановление водного хозяйства........................... 114

2.4. Вопросы сельскохозяйственного налога................... 147

ГЛАВА 3. Вопросы восстановления сельскохозяйственных

культур на страницах газеты "Коммунист" ............. 168

3.1.Восстановление и развитие зерновых ........................ 168

3.2.Восстановление технических культур ....................... 194

а) Восстановление хлопководства ............................ 194

б) Восстановление производства других техниче-

ских культур ........................................................... 225

3.3. Восстановление виноградарства и шелководства.... 230

3.4. Борьба против сельхозвредителей............................. 238

ГЛАВА 4. Газета “Коммунист” и восстановление животно-

водства .............................................................................. 252

4.1. Состояние животноводства и пастбищный вопрос.. 252

4.2. Восстановление животноводства и борьба против

болезней у скота.......................................................... 267

Заключение ......................................................................................... 288

Библиография .................................................................................... 290

Список сокращений............................................................................. 316

Псевдонимы авторов ........................................................................... 321

«Kommunist» qəzeti və Azərbaycan SSR kənd təsərrüfatının

bərpası məsələləri (1921-1928-ci illər). Xülasə..................................... 325

The newspaper “Kommunist” and problems of restoration of agricul-

ture of the Azerbaijan SSR (1921-1928). Summary..............................331

Иллюстрации........................................................................................ 325

Компцтер йыьымы: Ругиййя Рауф гызы, Айнур Мящяррямли.

Компцтер дизайны: Рауф Талыбов.

Корректор: Хавяр Садыгова.

Йыьылмаьа верилмишдир: – 9 май 2004-ъц илдя.

Чапа имзаланмышдыр: – 1 ийул 2004-ъц илдя.

Сифариш: №734

Форматы: 60/84 –

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Мцяссисянин директору Н.Б.Мяммядли.

Тел. 497-16-32; 427-44-61; 8-50-311-41-89.

Цнван: Бакы, Ичяришящяр, 3-ъц Магомайев кцч., 8-ъи дюнэя, ев 4.

Мящяррямов Елмар Яли оьлу

«Коммунист» гязети вя Азярбайжан ССР

кянд тясяррцфатынын бярпасы мясяляляри (1921-1928-жи илляр)

(рус дилиндя)

Бакы, Нурлан, 2004, 344 с. + иллцстрасийа

Магеррамов Эльмар Али оглу

Газета «Коммунист» (на азерб. языке) и вопросы восстановления сель-

ского хозяйства Азербайджанской ССР (1921-1928 гг.)

Баку, Нурлан, 2004, 344 с. + иллюстрации

338

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