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Llcleusr.l

3-y

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rolre uotlect;deg

uorlecrloeu

Damage

Bases

on one strand of

DNA

are damaoed

Replication

generates

a copy with

gap

opposite damage and a normal

copy

Gap is repaired by retrieving

sequence from normal copy

Gap

in normal

copy is repaired

Retrieval

i:*iJRl

I*.1? The

MutS/MutL

system

initiates

repair

of

mis-

matches

produced

by replication

slippage.

@

Recombination-Repair

Systems in E.

coli

o

lhe

rec

genes

of E. coli code for

the

principal

retrievaI

system.

.

The

principal

retrieval

system functions

when

reptication

leaves

a

gap

in

a newty

synthesized

strand that is

opposite a damaged

sequence.

.

The

single strand

of another

duptex is used

to

reptace

the

gap.

.

The

damaged sequence is

then removed

and

resynthesized.

Recombination-repair

systems use

activities that

overlap

with

those involved in

genetic

recom-

bination.

They

are also

sometimes

called

"post-

replication

repair,"

because

they function

after

replication.

Such systems

are effective

in deal-

ing

with

the defects

produced

in

daughter

*H fil":;

fi 1:::yff

: i

iffi iii : :,il

ffi l;

in ilr.{Jftl

t+.i5.

Restarting

stalled replication

lorks

could be the

major role

of the recombina-

tion-repair

systems

(see

Section

18.17, The

Pri-

mosome

Is

Needed to Restart

Replication).

Consider

a structural

distortion,

such

as a

pyrimidine

dimer.

on one

strand of a

double

helix.

When

rhe DNA

is replicated,

the

dimer

CHAPTER 20

Repair

Systems

fl*fJRfl

**.tS An E coli retrieval

system

uses a normal

strand of DNA to replace

the

gap

[eft in a newty

synthesized

strand opposite a site of

unrepaired damage.

prevents

the

damaged site from

acting as

a tem-

plate.

Replication

is forced

to skip

past

it.

DNA

polymerase probably

proceeds

up

to

or close to the

pyrimidine

dimer. The

poll'rrerase

then ceases

synthesis of the

corresponding

daughter strand. Replication

restarts

some

dis-

tance farther

along. A substantial

gap

is left

in

the newly

synthesized

strand.

The resulting

daughter

duplexes

are differ-

ent in nature.

One has

the

parental

strand con-

taining

the damaged adduct,

which

faces

a

newly

synthesized

strand with

a lengthy

gap.

The

other duplicate

has the undamaged parental

strand,

which has been

copied into

a normal

complementary

strand. The

retrieval

system

takes

advantage of

the normal

daughter.

The

gap

opposite

the damaged

site in

the

first

duplex is filled

by stealing

the homologous

single strand

of

DNA

from the

normal

duplex.

Following

this single-strand

exchange,

the

recipient

duplex has

a

parental (damaged)

strand facing

a wild-type

strand.

The donor

510

Lewin Benjamin (ed.) Genes IX

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