
f1
blX
CJIYlJaeB
K03qxpH
l\l1e
HTa (1.6.8) C MaKCI1Ma
JlbH
blM
K03¢ljJl1l\l1eHTOM
xoppena
-
£.\
1111
CM. p a60TY [21].
1.7.
U. n . T. J\JlH CJlYlJ
aHHblX
npoueccos npu HaJlHlJl1H BecOBoJ1 ljJyHKUl111
paccvarpuaanaci, B paoorax M .
P03eH6J1aTTa
[179],
A.
C.
XOJle
BO [129], a n . 1
51
CJl YlJaH HblX noaea - B paoorax [78, 79, 83].
OpH
J\OKa SaT
eJlb
CTBe p.u.rn.r. Mbl
CJle.n.yeM
KHHre
[54].
MeT
oJ\ CeK
l\
11
0Hl1p OBaHI1H 6blJl npe,ll.Jl O)l{eH C. H.
BepH
-
UlT
eHHOM [12]
11
npHMeH5IJlCH
MHOrHMH
aBTOpaM
I1 [52, 110].
'u
o KaSaTeJl bCTBO
reop
eau
1.7.1 OCHOBaH O na l1J\eHX paoo
ru
A.
B.
B y JlI1HCKO
rO,
11
. r.
)Kyp
6e
HKo
(22], XOTH
6m
13KHe
p
eaynsraru
MO)l{HO nOJlYlJl1Tb, eCJlH CeK
l\HOHHpOBa
H He Bbl ·
f10JlHHTb HeCKOJlbKO HHa lJe
[81, 99, 171]. O PI1 J\OKaSaTeJlbCTBe u
.n.r.
,ll.
JlH
cny-
lJa
HHblX
n
o.~
e
H
npHB
Jl
eKalOT
CH H npyr-ne MeTOJ\b1 [93,
11
7, 180, 144, 23, 124].
fl
o nOBOJ\Y
SaMelJaHHH
1.7.2 CM. KH
Hry
[20l .
.
PH
J\
pa60T
nOCB51lUeHO ouexxe CKOp OCTH CXOJ\HMOCTH B u.n .r. J\JlH
cJlYlJa
ii.
HhlX
nonen [80, 20, 119, 176, 185]
11
np. ,UJl51 CJlYlJaHHbl X n p O
l\
eCCOB ouenxa
CKOpOCTI1 CXOJ\HMOCTI1 uccneno
eaaacs
B . A. C Tar YJl
51
BHlJy coM [115] H er o yse-
HH KaMH, a Ta K
)I{e
J\p
yTH
MH aBTO
paM
I1.
1.8.
3,ll.ecb
acnonsayercs
TepMHH
OJlO
fH5I
KH
Hrl1
'u)I{
. Xapapn [125]. Knac-
CHlJeCKHMH
aHaJlO
raMI1
pe
syas
raroa
sroro
nYHKTa
5IBJllIIOTClI ouenx n MO
Mefi'
TOB CYMM He
saB
HCHMbl X CJlYlJaH HbIX
B
C
.
~
H
qHH
!104, 54, 26].
'uJllI
paSJlHlJHbl X
KJlaCCOB
saBHCHMbIX
BeJl HlJHH
nOJ\06Hbl
e
Hepa
BeHCTB a I1sY lJ
aJlHCb
B
pariorax
(192, 191, 121). Flocne roro,
KaK
KHHr a
6b
lJla
na
nncana
, no
asu
nacs
paoo
ra
(37], conepaca
uias
ocn ee
06
W HH pes
yasr
ar . Y TBe
p)l{
J\eHHe 1.8.3 HBJl HeTCH,
nO -BHJ\HMOMY, HOBbIM .
1.9. Hanoacenne MaT
epHaJla
OCHosaHO
aa craruax [87, 89].
,UJllI
CJlY lJaH-
HbIX
npouecco s n OJ\0
6Hbl
e peaya
sr
ar
sr
nOJly
tle
Hbl 10.
A.
,Ua
Bbl
,ll.O
BbIM [43J
(n
l.
r a xxce [13]).
Ilpa
J\OKaSaTeJlbCTBe Jle MMbI 1.9.1
npHMeHlIeTclI
MeTO
jl
Kpa
xr
epa->
Y OJlJ\a- C anor oBa .
ll
p
yrH
e ljJOPMbl npnauuna 11HBapl1aHTHOCTI1 J\JlH CJlYlJaHH bl X nOJle
J1
C ne-
peM
e
lllH
Ba HHeM MO)l{ HO Ha HTH B CTa
TbHX
[148, 82, 14 1, 36J.
K r.nase 2
2. 1.
'u
Hc nepCl1l1 JlOKa.lJbHb
IX
ra
YCCOBCKH X ljJYH
Ku
HOHaJlOB CTaUHOIJa
pHblX
n p O
l\
eCCOB paCCMaTp l1BaJlHCb B
paoorax
[ 184, 186, 189, 35]. ,UJl5I cJlYlJaH Hbl X
n OJleH C
J\HcKfeTHblM
apryveirroe
auanor
uvasie
sonpocsr I1sYlJa
JlI
ICb B patio-
Ta x [150, 146 .
YT
BepJK,ll.e
HHe
Jle MMbJ 2. 1.1
xopo
wo
HSBeCTHO. J1eMMa 2. 1.3 CljJOPMYJlHpO-
eana B
crars
e [84]. Ocra
m.aue
yTBep)l{jleHHH
npnaonnrcs snepaste.
J]
eM'
Mbl
2. 1.8, 2. 1.9 noxas
aau
K.
B . Pb16 acOBblM .
2.2.
YCJlO
BI1H
peJ\YK
UHH
¢YHKl\110HaJlO
B OT
CTal\
H
OHapHbIX
nocnenoa a-
re
n s nocr ea
11
nOJle
ll
C J\HCK
peTHbI
M
napa
nerpox,
y KOTOPblX K. ljJ. I1MeeT
npa
-
BI1
J1
bHOe HSMeH
eHl1e
na
6e
CKOHe'l
HOCTI1, p aCCM
aTp
l1BaJlI1Cb B paoorax [186,
150],
a J\JlH C
JI)
rtlaHHbl x npoueccos B
paoorax
[189, 165]. Teopeva 2.2.1
npa
-
aenena
B
crars
a x [84, 85], r eopeva 2.2.2 nonyvena K. B.
Puoa
cosu»
.
2.3. O p HMeHelll11O
,ll.HarpaMMHo
H TeXH HK H nocasurexst pacors; [96, 97,
94]
11
np.
Teopes
ist 2.3.1, 2.3.2
noxa
aauu
COBMeCTHO C K . B .
Pb
I6acoBbl~l
.
'uJl
H
cJl YlJaHHblX nOCJIe,ll.O
BaT
eJlbHOcTe
J1
11
CJIYlJaHH bl X nOJleJ1 C
J\HcKpeTHbIM
napaMe
T'
p OM
nOJ\06Hble
Bo n p OCbl I1SYlJaJlHCb B
CTaTbHX
[146, 31). B
Tep
MHHa x ce MHH
HBa
·
p HaHToB
Ol\eH
KI1, npHBO,ll.lIlUHe K HCXOJ\HblM
pesYJlbTaTaM
, nOJlYlJeHbI B
pa60
-
Te
[107].
2.4.
OCHo
B
Hble
pes
Y
JlbTaT
bl n p HB
Ojl
ll
TC5I
Bnep
Bbl e.
I1sY
lJaeMbl e ljJYHK
UI10
-
HaJlbl
Ba)l{Hb
l B Te
opHH
w epo x oBaToCTeH
nOBepxHocTe
ll [( 30).
XapaKT€p
HC
TH-
KaM np
eBbl
WeHI1H
ypOBHH
CT
aUl10
HapllblM
H
npo
u
ecca
MH nO
CB51
lUeH § 10.8 KHI1-
rH
[76J.
l1
cCJlc.
>\O
BaHI1IO r eOMeTp HlJeCKHX
¢Y
HKl\HOHaJlOB
OT
cJlyqaHHblX
nOJJeH
n OCBHlUeHa KI1H
ra
P .
'u
)I{.
AJ\
Jlepa [1401. O p H n = 2
nep
BhIe
MOMeHTbl BeKOTO·
pbl X
reOMeT
pl1 lJeCKHX ljJYHK
l\
HOHaJlOB HMeIOTC5I B CTan e [173].
2 10
H
nr
epecu
ue
peay.nst
ar
u 0 n
epeceueut-rn
y
pOB
HSI )J.Jlff ra
YCCOBC
Kl1X non eii
no.t yvenu
K)
. K . B eJlH
eBb
lM fi e r o Y
ll
elll1H3l11H (CM. [6 , 100- 102, 106 ] H un-
-nipyea yio TaM
.
~HT
e
p
a
T
Y
PY
)
.
2.5. Peay.n.rarn sroro nyx
xr
a panee He
H3JJaraJl
HCb.
2.6. B Ta KOH creneaa 06W,HOCTII pesyas-rar u
ny6
.71H
KYlOTCH
snep
esre.
Hzen n O
,1l.0
6Hb
IX
reopea
peAyK
UHH , cljJ
opll1
y
JlHp
oBaHllbl€
JlJlR
ljJYHKU
I10Ha·
.10B
ru na «Me p n p€ BbIWeHHH y pOBHH» raycco
acx
ua n poueccoss, I1MelOTCH Y
C .
Bepva aa [142] (CM . Ta KJK€ [165J).
Jle
MMbI 2 .6
.5,2
.6.6
o6
c
6m
alOT
pe
aynsraru
paoo
ru
[165] na CJlYlJaJI Hble nOJlH.
2.7.
YTBep)I{
,ll.eHHH pasne.na ooconiaior sa CJIYlJaH llble nOJlH pesynsrar u
pacer [142, 165J. Ilpn
11
3J10)l{€HI1I1
Mbl
cnenyex
pa60'fa
M 184, 85].
2.8.
n p HBO,'lHMble peay.m.
rar
a paaee He
ny6J1HKO
BaJlllCb
. Il pn n = 1
6
.
~
HsK
H
e
no xa pax
rep
y
reo
pe
nu
noxa sanu B paoor e [166J.
2.9. 110
nosony
06
06w.eHHblx
cJlYlJaHlJ
b
lX
nOJleH CM. CTaTblO [137]
11
MO'
nor padnuo [29].
Kpar
sue
CTOXaCTI1lJe CKHe na
re
rpanu
6bl
JJ
H BBeJ\eHbl K .
l1
TO
(156, 157] H H. BI1 HepOM [190]. Bo n ee nO JlH Oe H3J1
0)l{eH
He aar pouyi u x 3J\eCb
sonpocos MO)l{ HO
HaiiTH
B KH
Hre
[ 167], a Ta
K)I{e
B
crane
[149].
OueHKII
cesur-
HHBa p l
ia
HTOB xpar
nux
CTOXaCTHlJ€CKI1X
HHTerpa
.
10B
np
lIBe
,ll.eHbI B paoore [107J.
Kpar xu e CTOXaCTHlJeCKHe HHTer p
aJlb
l no
ny
acco nosc xoa Mep e
H3Y
lJaJlHCb B pa-
6 0Ta x 11 16, 7].
2.10.
Il
epsos
ny
6J1HK
allHeii
no 3TOMY
xpyry
son pocos HBJlH eTCH pao
or
a
A. H . K OJlMOTo p OBa [73]. n OJIYYCTOHlJHBbl e (aBTOMOjleJl
bllbl
e ,
3pMHTOBbI)
npo-
ueccu BBe,ll.eHbl ,UJK . Jlaxmepr u [161]. Knacc
nOJlyycTOHlJ
HBb
lX pacnpencnenurt
o 6061l\aeT KJla CC YCTOHlJlIBbl X
pacnp
ene.
iennf
[5IJ, YCJlOBHH n pHT
51
)l{ eHHII K
KOTOpblM
xo
p ow o HSYlJeHbl [33, 52].
YC.10
BHH
np
HTHJKeHlI H CYMM JllI II eHHbl X
c.1YlJaHHb1X
nocnenoaar en snocrea K ra yccoacxuv nOJl
yycroHlJHB
blM npouec-
cax
IlSY
lJaJlH Cb 10. A.
llaBbl
jlOBbl
M [44],
B.
B . Fc poneux ua [34]. Y CJlOBHH npn-
TSl)l{ eHI1H K
aeraycc
oscxaa
n OJlYYCTOHlJHBblM
npoueccaa
J\JlH cJlYlJaHHblX nocne-
noaareasnocres npnseneau B paoorax [186, 35, 181,
11
6, 117, 30], a,!I,JIH cny-
lJaHHbl X npoueccos - B
cra
n-e
[189].
HOBb
IH nonx on K
jlOKa
SaTeJlbCTBY r eopesr
ra
xoro r una npennoacen P .
Jl
.
,U0
6p y WHHbIM, n . M a ii o poM [150]. 3a,ll.aHHIO no-
JlYYCTOHlJHBbl X
npO
l\eCCOB B BH,ll.e K.C .H . nOCBHw,
eHbI
pa60
TbI [188, 149, 116, 7].
O TMeTHM, lJTO nOJl YYCTO
H4HB
ble pacnpenenennx nrpaior Ba )l{ HYIO POJlb B ¢ II -
311Ke
[114).
Teopeau
2.10.
1-2
.10.3
npHBO)lH
TCH nn
epnue
. Teopeva 2.10.4
~
B
Jl
H
e
T C
H
senpepsmasnr
aHaJlO
rOM
reopeau
1 I1S pacers: [150].
K rnase 3
3. 1. O OHHTHe cnexrpansnoii Mepbl ljJYH KUHH perpec cnn nJlO,ll.OTBOPHO
HCnOJlbSOBaJlOCb B MOHo r p a¢I1 Hx
Y.
I'penaanepa
, M .
P03eH6J1aTTa
[ 152),
11. A . 116 p
ar
HMoBa , 10.
A.
Poaa
nos
a [53], 3. X eHII
aHa
[126), a Ta
K)I{e
B CTa-
TbHX A .
C.
Xo.~e
BO
[
127-
129]. O PI1
H
3.~
O
)l{
e
H
H
H
CJle)lyeM
p a60TaM [86, 83].
K
3TOMy
x
pyry
Bo
npOCOB npuvu xaer H paoo
ra
[68). P e3YJl bTaTbJ 0 pac npenen e-
IIlI H oueuox
K03
ljJljJHUH eHToB perpeccaa B cny sae , xorzia cnexrpa nsnas nJl OT-
1I0CTb «uiyua» neor
pan
n-ren
a, nO-BH,ll.I1MO
MY,
5lBJlHIOTCH HOBbIM H.
3.2.
ACHMnTOTH'leCKHe
cB
oiierBa
oueH
KH
HaHMeHb
IlJHX
KBa,ll.paTO B HeJl H-
He
HHo
BX O,ll.
HlUe
ro
B ljJYH
Kl\HIO
pe r
peccH
H n ap aMeTp a JlJlH n OCJle,ll.OB
aTeJlb
HOCH I
He3aBHCHMbl X H
cTa
U
HoHapHo
CBHsaH
HblX
Ha6J1IO,ll.eHHH
H3YlJaJlHCb
B p
a6
0Tall1
[160, 168, 153, 47, 56, 57, 59, 60, 66, 67, 158) H MH
OrHX
.n.PYrHx.
AH
aJlOrHlJHbl
e
sa
jl
alJH B
npeJ\
nOJlO)l{ eHHH, lJTO HaOJlIO,ll.eHHH SlBJlHIOTC
51
n p
ouecc
aMH JlH60 nO Jli! -
MH C
Henpepb
lBHblM
napaMeTpoM,
pa
cc
MaTp
HBaJlH
A .
fl.
)l
op or oBueB [47],
A.
B .
I1B
aHOB [55, 58], O . C.
KHonoB
[70]
Ii
J\p. ACHMnTOTl1lJeCKHe CBOHcTBa
p a3J1HtIHbl X CTaTHCTHlJeCKH X o
ueH
OK n
ap
2M€TpOB n OJleSH
Or
O
C H
rH
a
.
~
a
,
Ha6
J11
o ,
.u.ael\lOr O Ha
¢oHe
CJlYlJaHH OrO
WYM3
,
nOJ\p
o6HO HCCJJeJ\OBaHbI B KHH
rax
[54, 77].
TeopeMa
3.2 . 1 o6 0
6lUa
eT
pesYJl
bTaT
3 .
MaJll1HBO
[1
68].
<!J
OP~
lYJlH
poB K
a
T
eopeM
bI 3.2.3
on
Hp aeTcSl Ha y TBep)l{ )l eHH
51
113
KHl1r
i\'\..
M. 51Jlp
eHKo
[139]
11
211