Knollenberg Bernhard. Growth of the American Revolution: 1766-1775
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tee of Correspondence on, –;
Boston Port Act as danger to, ;
colonial desire for vs. fear of war,
–; of colonists as equal to those
in England, , , ; Continental
Congress Statement of Rights and
Grievances, , , –, –
; under English law (see Constitu-
tion of England); as “English” not
“British,” ; “Farmer’s Letters”
as Bill of Rights, ; First Continen-
tal Congress and, –; to be gov-
erned by laws one consents to, , ,
–, –, , –, , ,
–, , –, ; and limits
to Parliament’s powers, ; meth-
ods of assertion of, ; pamphlets
on colonial rights, –; private
property, , , ; taxation
and representation, claimed by co-
lonial legislatures, –, ; taxa-
tion for revenue, xxxix, ; trial by
peers or local juries, , , , ,
, –, , , , –,
–, , , , ; trial lo-
cation as Continental Congress
grievance, ; troops quartered in
Boston and, –; Washington
on, ,
Riley, John, –
riots and mob actions in colonies: Battle
of Golden Hill, ; fear among
colonists, , ; Gaspee affair, –
; Liberty riot, , –, ; par-
doning of offenders, ; over Stamp
Act, xiii, . See also Boston Tea
Party
Robinson, John,
Rochford, th Earl of (William Henry
Zuylestein), , –
Rockingham, nd Marquis of (Charles
Watson Wentworth): on British
right to legislate for colonies, ;
and Grafton Ministry, ; and
Newcastle, –, –; sketch of, ;
and Stamp Act, –,
Rockingham Ministry, ; dissolution of,
–; Free Port Act of , –
; and George III, –; and
Stamp Act, –, –,
Rockingham Whigs, xi, xxxviii
Rodney, Caesar,
Romney (warship), , , ,
Rose (warship), ,
Ross, George (Pa.),
Rotch, Francis, , ,
Rouet, William,
Ruddock, Abiel,
Ruggles, Timothy (Speaker of Mass.
House and President of Stamp
Act Congress), –
rum, , , , , ,
Rutledge, Edward (S.C.), xvii; Adams,
John, on, ; as Continental Con-
gress delegate, , , ; on
rights, ,
Rutledge, John (S.C.), ,
Sackville, st Viscount (George Sackville,
Lord George Germain),
Sam Adams Pioneer in Propaganda (Miller),
–
Sandwich, th Earl of ( John Montagu),
; on colonial sedition, ; on
courage of the colonial militia, li;
Gaspee affair, –, ; guarding
Boston harbor,
“Scaevola,”
Scotland: Act of Union of England and
Scotland, ; English anti-Scotism,
–; exports from,
Scott, John (master of John Hancock’s
ship),
seamen, impressment of, –, , ,
–
search warrants, , –
Sears, Isaac,
Secker, Thomas (Archbishop of Canter-
bury), , –
Second Continental Congress. See Conti-
nental Congress, Second
Septennial Act of ,
Sessions, Lt.-Gov. Darius,
settlement of the West. See frontier settle-
ments
Sharp, Granville,
Sheafe, William, –
Shelburne, nd Earl of ( William Petty,
Baron Wycombe), , , ; on
British troops in colonies, , –
; resignation of,
sheriffs, xlv–xlvi
Shipley, Jonathan,
ships and cargo: customs violation trials,
–; destruction of cargo (see Bos-
ton Tea Party); Gaspee affair (),
xliv, , –; Hovering Act of
, –; laws on destruction of,
; regulations resulting from Bos-
ton Tea Party, –; seizure of,
–, –, –, , –,
, . See also Boston Port Act;
customs officers; navy, British;
trade; trade restrictions
Shirley, William (Gov. of Mass. and the
Bahamas), ,
Six Nations (Iroquois),
slaves and slavery, , , , –,
–
Smith, Lt. Col. Francis, lii, , ,
Smith, William, Jr. (–) (N.Y.),
Smith, William Stephens,
smuggling, xliv, , , ,
Snider (Seider), Christopher,
Society for Propagation of the Gospel in
Foreign Parts, ,
Solemn League and Covenant, , –
Sons of Liberty (Liberty Boys), , ,
–, ,
South Carolina, , ; Continental Con-
gress delegates, , , , ,
; Council vs. Assembly, –;
preparation for war, ; rice trade,
. See also Charleston, S.C.
Spry, William, ,
Stamp Act (), ; colonial reac-
tions to, xiii, xxxix, , , –;
colonial reactions to repeal, ;
court jurisdiction over appeals,
; debate on enforcement of, ,
; duties imposed by, , –,
, ; effects on trade, –;
governors told to enforce, –;
as “internal” taxation, xxxix; the
King’s speech to Parliament on,
; passage of, ; petitioning for re-
peal of, ; Pitt’s opinion on, , –
, ; repeal of, xxxvii, –, –,
; significance in spurring revolu-
tion, x
Stamp Act Congress, x, xl, ,
stamp tax, Declaratory Act paving way
for, –
Statement of Rights and Grievances, ,
, –, –
Strahan, William,
Suffolk, th Earl of (Henry Howard),
Suffolk Resolves, xiv, , –, ,
–,
sugar: boycott, –, ; duties on,
; regulation of trade, , ;
West Indies and, , –. See
also molasses and molasses trade
Sugar Act of . See American Act of
Sullivan, John (N.H.), , , –
suspending clause, required in certain
colonial acts, ,
tarring and feathering, –
taxation by colonies: for colonial militia,
xlix; prohibition of duties on Brit-
ish shipping, xlviii
taxation of colonies: colonial consent
to, ; colonial protests, xii–xiii,
xxxix–xl, –, –, –,
; constitution of England and,
xi, , ; Declaratory Act impli-
cations, , –, ; importance
in spurring revolution, x–xi; lack
of limits on, x; opinions expressed
by British merchants, –; opin-
ions expressed in London news-
papers, xxxviii; Parliament’s “right”
concerning, x, xi–xiii, xxxvii–
xxxviii, , , , , , , , ,
, , , , , , ;
Parliament’s “right” concerning
as threat to liberty, –, ;
and peace settlement plan (),
; during Pitt Ministry, –;
Pitt’s opinion on, , –, , ,
; precedents set by acts of Par-
liament, –, ; revenue col-
lected, , ; reconciliation plans
( and ), –, ; for
revenue, xii–xiii, xliii, , , , ,
, –, , , , , , ,
, (see also American Act of
; Parliamentary acts levying
taxes for revenue; Stamp Act); for
revenue, opposition to, , , ,
, , ; for revenue vs. regu-
lation of trade, xxxviii–xli, , ,
; and right to representation
claimed by colonists, x, –,
, ; and right to represen-
tation expressed in England, ;
and right to representation under
English law, , ; and Suffolk
County Resolves, ; to support
British ruling class ( pensions), –
, , , , ; to support
British troops, , , , , ;
to support civil government, ,
–; to support clergy, –,
; to support protection of colo-
nies, ; of tea (see under tea); trade
duties, xxxix, –, , (see
also American Act of ; ex-
ternal taxes; Parliamentary acts
restricting colonial trade; Town-
shend Act of ). See also exter-
nal taxes; internal taxes; Parlia-
ment; specific acts imposing taxes
tea: boycotts, , , , ; duties on,
, , , , ; duties used to
pay judges’ salaries, ; duty
reduction/repeal debate, –, ,
; importation of into Great Brit-
ain, ; King favoring tax on, ,
; prices of, ; quantities ex-
ported from England, –, ,
; refund of duties on, –,
–; revenues generated by du-
ties on, , ; smuggling of, xliv,
, , . See also Boston Tea Party
Tea Act of : colonial opposition to,
–; exports and duties allowed
by, –; justification for, xi, ,
; purpose of, xii, , –; sig-
nificance of, xliv–xlv, ; symbol
of Britain’s right to tax colonies,
, ,
Temple, st Earl (Richard Grenville), ,
,
Temple, John (Surveyor-General of Cus-
toms),
Temple, William,
Thacher, Oxenbridge (Mass.),
Thomas, John,
Thurlow, Atty.-Gen. Edward, , ,
Tilghman, Matthew,
tobacco: effect of Navigation Act on, ;
export of, ; in Virginia,
Tories, colonial, , –, ; estates
confiscated, ; Gage protecting,
; replaced in militia,
Townshend Act of , –; and
American Customs Board, ; co-
lonial reactions to, –; colonial
unity and, ; duties/taxes im-
posed by, –, , ; Franklin
on, ; and “internal” vs. “exter-
nal” taxes, ; repeal as yielding to
colonial threats, ; repeal attempts,
–, –, ; repeal of major
duties, xliii, , –; revision at-
tempts, –, –, ; revision
attempts, colonial reaction to, –
; and taxation of colonies, xi, xii,
xxxviii, , , , ; tea duty,
xliv, , –, –; writs of as-
sistance,
Townshend, Charles, ; offices held by,
; personality of, ; taxation of
colonies, , –, ,
Townshend, Thomas,
trade: boycotts (see non-importation
agreements); between Britain and
colonies, xli–xlii, xlviii, ; British
benefits/profit from, xii, , ,
; Continental Congress on, ;
effect of Stamp Act on, –, ;
in French colonies, ; in molasses
(see molasses and molasses trade);
as source of colonial influence over
Britain, ; taxation of, xxxix (see
also American Act of ); value of
imports from England, –. See
also customs officers; manufactur-
ers, British; manufacturing, colo-
nial; merchants, British; mer-
chants, colonial; ships and cargo;
specific commodities
trade restrictions: benefits to Britain, –
, , ; benefits to colonies,
xii; bonds required, ; British sup-
port for, xxxviii; between colonies,
–; with colonies other than
British, , , , , –,
–; as Continental Congress
grievance, ; for control of colo-
nies, ; costs to colonists of, –
; with countries other than Brit-
ain, , , –; demand for
repeal of, xlvii; enforcement of, –
, –, , , ; Franklin on,
; imposed by American Act, –
; keeping colonies “subservient”
to Britain, xii, , ; list of those
considered threat to liberty, –
; merchants’ complaints, –;
Parliament’s attempt to compel
submission of colonies, ; Parlia-
ment’s authority, xii, xxxviii, xli,
–, ; penalties for violations,
–; restricting imports and ex-
ports, –, , (see also non-
importation agreements); seizure
of goods, –; on tea, xliv. See also
customs officers; Parliamentary
acts restricting colonial trade
tradesmen, ,
treason: Boston Tea Party as, –,
, , ; Continental Con-
gress and, , ; fear of trans-
port to Britain for trial for, xliii, ,
, ; Gaspee affair as, ; North
on events in Boston, ; and opin-
ions of Parliamentary acts, ;
Parliament’s proposal to enforce
law providing for transport to Brit-
ain for trial for, xliii–xliv, , ,
; penalty for, ; resolution re-
garding, –,
Trecothick, Barlow, ,
trials. See under courts; treason
Twopenny Act, ,
Van, Charles, –
Vardill, Rev. John, –
Virginia: Association enforcement com-
mittee, ; clergy, –, ;
Continental Congress delegates,
, , ; loyalism in, –;
non-importation agreements, ;
preparation for war, –; protest-
ing taxation, ; right to petition
King, ; tobacco, ; Townshend
Act, , ; Twopenny Act dispute,
,
Virginia House of Burgesses: dissolved, ,
; response to Boston Port Act,
–; on rights, , ; on right
to local trials, , –; on taxa-
tion, ; on taxation for revenue,
; and Virginia Council,
Virginia Superior Court,
Walpole, Horace, ,
Wanton, Gov. Joseph, –,
war: Boston Tea Party as act of, ;
Britain’s preparations for, –;
colonial desire for rights vs. fear of
war, –; Continental Congress
and, –, ; Gaspee affair as
act of, ; Lexington and Concord,
–, –; New York’s vul-
nerability, ; outbreak of in
Massachusetts, –, –;
preparations (–), –,
–, , , ,
Ward, Samuel (Gov. of R.I.),
Warren, James,
Warren, Dr. Joseph, , ,
Washington, George, , , , ;
on formation of independent mili-
tias, –; freeing his slaves, ;
myths at Continental Congress,
–; rights and privileges in re-
gard to trade, ; rights in regard
to taxation, –
Wedderburn, Alexander, , ,
Wentworth, John,
West Indies: colonial trade with, , ,
–; non-importation agree-
ment, –
West, Richard, –
Weymouth, rd Viscount (Thomas
Thynne), ,
Whately, Thomas, Secretary to the Trea-
sury,
Whigs, British: on extent of Parliament’s
power, xv; on Parliament’s author-
ity to tax colonies, xi
Whigs, colonial, –; on authority of
Parliament, xlii; on authority of the
Crown, xli, xlii; description of,
–; intentions regarding inde-
pendence, xlviii, , ; leaders
of, xliii; in Massachusetts, , ,
, ; opinion on rebellion, lii,
; opposition to Townshend Act,
xliii, xliv; Pitt’s plan for concilia-
tion, ; reaction to Tea Act, xliv,
; on regulation of trade, xl–xli;
and slavery, –; on taxation,
, ; war preparations,
White, Hugh,
White Pine Acts,
Whitworth, John Dean, –
Wilkes, John, , , , –,
Willard, Josiah (Mass.), –
Williams, John,
Williams, Jonathan,
Willing, Thomas,
Willoughby of Parham, th Baron
(Hugh Willoughby),
Winchilsea, th Earl of (George Finch-
Haddon),
Windham, Conn.,
wine trade, , , , ,
Winship, Jonathan, –
Witherspoon, Rev. John,
Wolfe, Gen. James, l–li
wool production,
writs of assistance, , –,
Yorke, Charles, , ,
Yorke, Philip. See Hardwicke, st Earl of
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