Knollenberg Bernhard. Growth of the American Revolution: 1766-1775
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Wright Cavendish Debates—See Cavendish.
Wright Loyalists
—Esther Clark Wright The Loyalists of New Brunswick [i.e., those settling
New Brunswick] ().
Wroth “Mass. Vice-Admiralty Court”
—Lawrence Kinvin Wroth “The Massachusetts
Vice-Admiralty Court” in Billias Law in Col. America –.
Wulsin, Eugene
—“The Political Consequences of the Burning of the Gaspee” R.I. Hist.
III () –, –.
Yale Lib. Gazette
—The Yale University Library Gazette.
Yoshpe Disposition
—Harry B. Yoshpe The Disposition of Loyalist Estates in . . . New York ().
Zeichner Conn.
—Oscar Zeichner Connecticut’s Years of Controversy, – ().
Zobel “Boston Massacre”
—Hiller B. Zobel “Newer Light on the Boston Massacre” Am.
Antiq. Soc. Proc. LXXVIII Part I () –.
Zobel Boston Massacre
—Hiller B. Zobel The Boston Massacre ().
Collections of Documents Cited
Adams
—See Samuel Adams.
Adm.
—Admiralty Papers, Public Record Office, London.
Am. Phil. Soc.
—American Philosophical Society, Philadelphia, Pa.
Arthur Lee Papers
—Papers of Arthur Lee, Sparks Transcripts, Harvard College Li-
brary.
B.M.
—British Museum (library), London.
Bancroft Papers
—Papers of George Bancroft, New York Public Library.
Bernard Papers
—Papers of Francis Bernard, Governor of Massachusetts, Harvard Col-
lege Library.
Boston Committee of Correspondence minutes and related papers in Bancroft Papers,
New York Public Library.
Boston Comm. of Corresp. Papers
—New York Public Library.
Brickdale “Debates”
—Matthew Brickdale’s notes of debates in House of Commons,
–, University of Bristol Library.
C.R.O.
—Commonwealth Relations Office, London.
Cavendish “Debates”
—Henry Cavendish’s unpublished notes of debates in the House
of Commons in –, long-hand transcript in University of London Institute
of short-hand notes in Egerton Mss. in B.M.
Chatham Papers
—Public Record Office, London.
Clements Lib.
—William L. Clements Library, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor,
Michigan.
Columbia U. Lib.
—Columbia University Library, New York, N.Y.
Conway Papers
—Papers of Henry Seymour Conway, Library of W. S. Lewis, Farm-
ington, Conn.
Customs Papers
—The Library, H.M. Customs and Excise, King Beam House, London.
Dartmouth Papers
—William Salt Library, Stafford, Staffordshire, Eng.
Dowdeswell Papers
—Clements Library, University of Michigan.
Gage Papers
—Clements Library.
Garth Papers
—South Carolina Historical Society.
Gay Transcripts
—Massachusetts Historical Society, Boston, Mass.
Grafton Mss.—Bury St. Edmunds and West Suffolk Record Office, Bury St. Edmunds.
Grenville Pap.
—Papers of George Grenville, Huntington Library.
Haldimand Papers
—Canadian Archives, Ottawa, Canada.
Harris “Debates”
—Copy of James Harris notes of debates in the House of Commons
–, University of London Institute.
Harv. Coll. Lib.
—Harvard College Library, Cambridge, Mass.
Hist. Soc. of Pa.
—The Historical Society of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa.
Hollis Diary
—Diary of Thomas Hollis, The Institute, Williamsburg, Va.
Huntington Lib.
—Henry E. Huntington Library, San Marino, Cal.
Hutchinson Corresp.
—Mass. Archives, State House, Boston, Mass.
India Office Library
—London (also called Commonwealth Relations Office).
Institute
—Institute of Early American History and Culture, Williamsburg, Va.
L.C.
—Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.
Lamb Papers
—Papers of John Lamb, New-York Historical Society.
Lambeth Papers
—Papers at Lambeth Palace, London, England.
Lee
—See Arthur Lee Papers.
Lewis Coll.
—Collection of Manuscripts of W. S. Lewis, Farmington, Conn.
M.H.S.
—See Mass. Hist. Soc.
Mass. Arch.
—Massachusetts Archives, State House, Boston, Mass. (Most of Thomas
Hutchinson’s letters cited as in Mass. Arch. are available in typed copies at the
Mass. Hist. Soc.)
Mass. Hist. Soc.
—Massachusetts Historical Society, Boston, Mass.
Newdigate “Debates”
—Roger Newdigate, notes of debates in House of Commons
–, Warwickshire County Rec. Office, Warwick.
Newport Hist. Soc. Mss.
—Newport Historical Society, Newport, R.I.
N.Y. Hist. Soc.
—The New-York Historical Society, New York, N.Y.
N.Y. Pub. Lib.
—New York Public Library, New York City.
P.C.
—Privy Council Register, in P.R.O.
P. R . O .
—Public Record Office, London.
Paine Papers
—Robert Treat Paine Papers, Massachusetts Historical Society, Boston.
Price Papers
—Massachusetts Historical Society, Boston.
Record Office, House of Lords
—The Record Office of the House of Lords, London.
Rockingham Papers
—Sheffield City Libraries, Sheffield, England.
Salt Lib.
—William Salt Library, Stafford, Staffordshire, England.
Samuel Adams Papers
—In Bancroft Papers, New York Public Library.
Sandwich Papers
—Hinchinbrooke, Huntingdonshire, England.
S.C. Arch.
—South Carolina Archives Department, Columbia, S.C.
S.C. Hist. Soc.
—South Carolina Historical Society, Charleston, South Carolina.
S.C. Transcripts
—Transcripts in South Carolina Archives of papers relating to South
Carolina in P.R.O.
Shelburne Papers
—Papers of Lord Shelburne in Clements Library.
Stiles Papers
—Papers of Ezra Stiles, Yale Library.
T.
—Treasury Papers in P.R.O.
Townshend Papers
—At Dalkeith House, Edinburgh, Scotland.
Transcripts of Instructions to Provincial Governors VIII
—Mass. Hist. Soc.
U. of London Institute
—Institute of Historical Research, University of London.
Va. U. Mss. Dept.—University of Virginia, Manuscripts Department.
Yale U. Lib.
—Yale University Library, New Haven, Conn.
Unpublished Dissertations Cited
Barrow “Customs Service”
—Thomas Barrow “The Colonial Customs Service, –
,” Ph.D. dissertation, Harvard University Library ().
Champagne, Roger J. “The Sons of Liberty and the Aristocracy in New York Politics,
–,” University of Wisconsin ().
Currie, Harold W. “Massachusetts Politics and the Colonial Agency, –,” Uni-
versity of Michigan ().
Ernst, Joseph A. “Currency in the Era of the American Revolution,” University of Wis-
consin ().
Freiberg “Hutchinson”
—Malcolm Freiberg “Prelude to Purgatory: Thomas Hutchin-
son in Massachusetts Politics, –,” Ph.D. thesis, Brown University Library,
Providence, R.I. ().
Frese “Writs of Assistance”
—Joseph R. Frese “Writs of Assistance in the American Col-
onies, –,” dissertation, Harvard University ().
Lemisch “Jack Tar vs John Bull”
—L. Jesse Lemisch “Jack Tar vs John Bull: The Role of
New York Seamen in Precipitating the Revolution,” dissertation, Yale University
Library ().
Olm, Elmer “The Chatham Ministry and the American Colonies, –,” Uni-
versity of Michigan ().
Sachs, William T. “The Business Outlook in the Northern Colonies, –,” Co-
lumbia University ().
Yoder, Peyton W. “Paper Currency in Colonial Pennsylvania,” Indiana University ().
Zimmerman, John J. “Benjamin Franklin: A Study of Pennsylvania Politics and the Co-
lonial Agency, –,” University of Michigan ().
INDEX
Act of , ,
Act of ,
Act of , , –
Act of , –,
Act of , xliv
Act of , ,
Act of . See American Act of
Act of , , , ,
Act of , xliii–xliv
Act of Union with Scotland (), ,
Adams, Abigail,
Adams, John: as Boston Massacre trial
counsel, , ; Boston Tea Party,
–; on clashes between British
soldiers and civilians, ; on Conti-
nental Congress, , –, ,
; as Continental Congress dele-
gate, –; on Continental Con-
gress feasting habits, –, –;
Continental Congress, journey to,
–; as counsel at Boston Mas-
sacre trial, ; description of, –
; diaries of, –; on Dickinson,
, ; on Dyer, ; on funeral
of boy killed by British customs in-
former, ; as impressment trial
counsel, , –; on independ-
ence, xvi–xvii; on Johnston, ;
on judges’ tenure, –, ; on
Liberty riot, ; on Montagu, ;
“Novanglus Letters,” ; on polit-
ical factions in colonies, ; resi-
dence of, ; on Washington,
Adams, Samuel, , , , , ;
on Boston Committee of Corre-
spondence, ; on Boston Mas-
sacre, –, ; and Boston Port
Act, , ; on colonial liberties,
xliii, –; Committee on Dona-
tions, ; as Continental Congress
delegate, ; Continental Con-
gress, journey to, –; on De-
claratory Act of , xliii; educa-
tion of, ; finances of, –,
, ; on independence, xvi–
xvii; orders given to Dartmouth,
–, ; on Parliament’s au-
thority on taxation, ; possible
prosecution for treason, ; on
“saving the country,” ; as tax
collector, –
Administration of Justice Act (), –
admiralty courts, colonial: as Continen-
tal Congress grievance, , ; at
Halifax, –, –; jurisdic-
tion of, xlvii–xlviii, –; and
Pitt’s reconciliation plan,
African Americans. See blacks; slaves and
slavery
Allen, James,
Allen, Rev. John,
Allen, William (Chief Justice of Pennsyl-
vania),
almanacs,
Alsop, John,
American Act of (Act of ; Sugar
Act of ): British navy and, –
; colonial reaction to, xxxix, ;
as Continental Congress griev-
ance, ; enforcement of, –,
; implications of repeal of Stamp
Act, ; levying duties for revenue,
; protest of molasses duty levied
by, xxxix (see also molasses and
molasses trade); provisions of, –
; trade restrictions in, –,
–
American Customs Board. See Customs
Board, American
American Revolution. See independence
American Revolution Bicentennial
Commission,
Amherst, Gen. Jeffery (st Baron Am-
herst), –
Andrews, John, , , ,
Anglican church. See Church of England
Apsley, Baron,
army, British: in/near Boston, xlvii, ,
–, , –, , , ,
, ; clashes with civilians, –
; Constitution of England and,
; as Continental Congress griev-
ance, ; costs of maintaining, ,
, ; fair trials of soldiers, ;
at Lexington and Concord, –
, –; in Massachusetts, xlix–
l, ; in New York, –, –;
numbers of men, , , –;
officers, ; Pitt on reducing, ;
reinforcement of after Continental
Congress, xlix, –, , ;
taxing colonies to support, –,
, , , , . See also mili-
tary, British; navy, British; Quar-
tering Act ()
Association. See under non-importation
agreements
Attucks, Crispus,
Auchmuty, Robert,
Aufrère, George,
Azores, trade with, , , ,
Baker, Sir William,
Baltimore,
Barclay, David, –
Barré, Col. Isaac, ,
Barrington, nd Viscount (William
Wildman Barrington), , ,
,
Battle of Golden Hill,
Beckford, William,
Bedford, th Duke of ( John Russell), ,
, , –
“Benefit of Clergy,” ,
Benezet, Anthony,
Bernard, Francis (Gov. of N.J. and Mass.),
; and American Customs Board,
, ; and British troops in Bos-
ton, , ; Massachusetts legisla-
ture and, ; and misconceptions
of colonists, –; on taxation,
; and Townshend Act repeal
attempts, –; on trade, ;
urging changes in Mass. govern-
ment,
Bill of Rights, ; “Farmer’s Letters” as,
. See also Statement of Rights and
Grievances
bishops, Church of England,
bishops, colonial, movement for, ,
–
blacks, xxxix, xlii, –, . See also
slaves and slavery
Blackstone, William: Commentaries on the
Laws of England, , , ; on
penalty for treason, ,
Blair, John,
Bland, Richard (Va.), ,
Blowers, Sampson S.,
Board of Trade, ,
Bollan, William (London Agent for
Mass.), , ,
Bond, Phineas,
Boston: aid from other colonies as result
of Port Act, –; attempt to
seize colonial military supplies at
Concord (), lii; boycott of Brit-
ish goods, ; British navy sta-
tioned at, , ; British troops
and, xlvii, , –, –, ,
, ; British troops’ with-
drawal, , ; customs search
contested, –; Gage moving
troops to, ; Gage’s fortification
of, , ; governor’s residence
moved out of, ; Liberty incident,
, –; population of, ; Port
of, , , ; rebellion predicted,
; restrictions on shipping, xlv,
– (see also Boston Port Act);
tax collectors, –, ; town
meetings, , , , –, ,
, , , –. See also
Massachusetts
Boston Committee of Correspondence,
–, , , , ,
Boston Gazette,
Boston Liberty Tree,
Boston Massacre, –,
Boston Port Act, –; British proposal
to suspend (), ; Continental
Congress as reaction to, –,
–; enforcement of, xliv, ,
; implications of, ; passage
of, xlv, –; pressure for repeal,
; reactions to, xlvii, –, ,
, –; restrictions imposed
by, –
Boston Tea Party, –; British response
to, xiii, –; offers to pay for tea
destroyed, –, , ; orders
given to Dartmouth, –; reasons
for, xliv–xlv, –, ; significance
of, ; as treason, –, , ,
; value of tea destroyed,
Boston Whigs,
Botetourt, Baron de (Norborne Berkeley),
Bowdoin, James,
boycotts. See non-importation agreements
Briggs, Aaron, –, –
Bristol, rd Earl of (Augustus John
Hervey),
British East India Company. See East
India Company
Brown, John,
Bunker Hill,
Burke, Edmund (London Agent for
N.Y. Assembly), , , , ,
; peace settlement plan (),
; peace settlement plan (),
–
Bute, rd Earl of ( John Stuart), , ,
, , ,
Byng, George,
Camden, Lord. See Pratt, Sir Charles
Camm, Rev. John (Va.),
Canada, , , . See also Quebec;
Quebec Act ()
Carleton, Guy (Gov. of Quebec), ,
–
Carroll, Charles of Carrollton (Md.),
Catholics, –, ,
Cavel, Edith,
Champion, Richard,
Chandler, Rev. Thomas Bradbury (N.J.),
–
Charleston, S.C., ; boycott of British
goods, ; customs controversies,
; reaction to tea duty, xlv
charters, colonial: acts of Parliament in
conflict with, xiii; non-charter col-
onies, xlvi; Parliamentary threat
to, . See also Massachusetts
Charter; specific colonies
Chatham, st Earl of. See Pitt, William
Chatham Ministry, –,
Chauncy, Rev. Charles,
Chesterfield, th Earl of (Philip Dormer
Stanhope),
Church of England: bishops desired in
colonies, , –; clergy, sup-
port of, –,
Clarke, Jonathan, , , ,
clergy. See Catholics; Church of England
Coercive Acts, xiii
Colden, Cadwallader (Gov. of N.Y.), ,
,
colonial agents. See London Agents of
colonies
colonial charters. See charters, colonial
colonial legislatures: British power over
colonial acts, xli–xlii, xlvi–xlvii,
, ; composition of, xlvi, ;
cooperating in matters of common
concern, –; Councils and,
–, –, ; dissolution
of, –, , ; governor’s
salaries and, , ; judge’s salaries
and, , ; petition for repeal of
Townshend Act, –, , ;
powers of, xii, xv; protesting taxa-
tion, xii–xiii, –; as right of
self-government, ; right to de-
cide on taxation, ; suspending
clause required in certain acts,
–; war preparations (–
), –. See also specific colonies
colonial military: authorization of, xlix,
–, ; and Boston, –;
British attempt to seize supplies of
(), lii, –; British opinion
of, l–li, –, ; “country
people” arming selves, –; at
Lexington and Concord, –,
–; method of fighting, –
; “minute men,” , –;
officers of, xlix, , –; Parlia-
ment and, ; procuring weapons,
–, , , ; sale of arms
to colonists forbidden, –; and
Suffolk County Resolves, –;
war preparations (–), –
, –,
colonies: attitudes of common people,
–; British fears of union among,
; British illusions about courage
of, l–li, –, –; chief
causes of discontent, –, –
, –, –; commercial
monopoly by Britain, xi, ; ex-
erting political pressure in England,
xi, –, –, , –,
(see also non-importation agree-
ments); local autonomy, xv–xvi,
xviii, ; London Agents of, ,
, (see also Bollan; Burke;
Jackson); Memorial to the colonists,
–; portrayed in British news-
papers, –; ties/loyalty to Crown
and family, xiv, xvi–xvii, xlvii, ,
, , , –. See also Conti-
nental Congresses; independence
colonies, government by Britain: Crown’s
role in (see Crown); establishing a
Secretary for the Colonies, –;
Pitt on British authority, ; stronger
control urged, –, , –,
–, ; taxation to support, ,
; trade restrictions keeping col-
onies “subservient,” xii, , ;
“unlimited authority” of Britain,
, –. See also Parliament
Colville, Admiral Lord,
Committee of Correspondence, , –
, , –, , , . See
also Boston Committee of Corre-
spondence
Committee on Donations,
Committee (of the Privy Council) on
Plantation Affairs, ,
Committee of Safety, xlix, , ,
Committee on the State of the Province,
–
Committee of Supplies, xlix,
Common Sense (Paine), xvi,
Concord, Mass.: attempt to seize colo-
nial military supplies at (), lii;
British soldiers heading for, –
; fighting at Lexington and, –
, –
Congregational churches, ,
Connecticut, ,
Connecticut Assembly, xxxix, , ,
Connecticut Court,
Constitution of England: American in-
terpretation of, ; and colonial
rights, , ; and Parliament’s
power, xv, , , –; and
Quebec Act, ; rights of English-
men, ; Stamp Act and, ; taxa-
tion and, xi, , , , ,
Continental Association. See under non-
importation agreements
Continental Congress, First: on the au-
thority of Parliament, xiv, xli; Bos-
ton Port Act and, ; boycotts (see
non-importation agreements);
Britain’s proposed reconciliation
plan, –, –; call for con-
vening of, –; colonial response
to, –; Committee on Rights,
, ; committees of, xlviii–xlix;
dates of, xlvii, xlviii–xlix, , ,
, ; delegates, arrival of, –
; delegate selection, –, –
, ; delegates listed, –;
deliberations of, , , –,
; dissolved, ; establishing
contact with supporters, ; feast-
ing habits of delegates, –,
–, ; Galloway’s plan of
union, , –; grievances/
demands of, xlvii–xlviii, –,
–, –, , , , –
, ; independence, possibility of,
, ; information supplied to
Britain, –; intention to restore
harmony with Britain, , ,
, ; loyalists, dealing with,
, ; Memorial to the colonists,
–; Parliament’s reaction to, l,
–; petitioning King vs. Parlia-
ment, ; Petition to the King,
–, , ; poor, measures
to care for, , , ; President
of, ; protection of members,
–; revenue of, ; secrecy of
proceedings, ; Secretary of, ;
significance of, –; Statement
of Rights and Grievances, , ,
–, –; Suffolk Resolves,
xiv, , –, –, ; taxa-
tion and, , ; threatening force,
xiii–xiv; trade restrictions and, ;
on trial by jury/local trials, –,
, ; voting in, , –,
–; war/defense preparations,
–, , ,
Continental Congress, Second: and As-
sociation enforcement network,
; British requests to, ; dele-
gates selected, –, ; and
New York, –, –; recom-
mendation to be prepared for
every contingency, ; war prepa-
rations, ,
Conway, Henry Seymour: offices held by,
, , –, –; on proposed
repeal of Townshend Act duties,
, ; on regulation of trade, ;
sketch of, ; and Stamp Act, –,
,
Cooper, Rev. Myles,
Copley, John Singleton, ,
Corbet, Michael, , –
Corner, Cap. John, ,
Councils, colonial, –, , –,
Court of Exchequer, –
courts: Act of , , ; Administra-
tion of Justice Act (), –;
Boston Massacre trial, –, ;
Connecticut Court, ; Court of
Exchequer, –; defined, ;
fair trials of soldiers, ; judges
prevented from holding, ; juris-
diction over trade violations, –
, –; juror selection, ,
, , ; Massachusetts Reg-
ulating Act and, ; Massachu-
setts Superior (Supreme) Court,
, –; New York Supreme
Court, –, –; Pennsylva-
nia Supreme Court, ; protec-
tion of after Continental Congress,
; right to local/jury trial as
Continental Congress grievance,
–, , ; right to local trial,
, , , –, , , , ,
, , , ; right to trial by
jury, , , , , –, ;
search warrants for customs officers,
, –; trials for customs/trade
act violations, –, –; trials
for destruction of property, xlviii,
, ; trials for murder, ,
–; trials for treason (see under
treason); Virginia Superior Court,
; writs of assistance, , –
, . See also admiralty courts,
colonial; judges
Crown: approval of colonial acts, xli–xlii,
xlviii, , ; and colonial gover-
nors, , , , , ; and
colonial judges, , , , ,
; colonial loyalty to, xvi–xvii,
xlviii, , , , –, ;
and colonial rights, , ; gov-
erning colonies, xiii, xv, –,
; grievances against, –,
–, –; on keeping colo-
nies dependent on Britain, –,
; land grants, ; legislative
authority in Parliament, , ,
; power of, xvii, ; powers re-
lating to colonies, xiii, xlviii, ,
; on probability of colonial re-
bellion, li. See also George III; Privy
Council
Cruger, Henry, Jr., , , ,
Cumberland, Duke of ( William Augus-
tus), , –
Currency Act of , , ,
Cushing, Thomas (Boston merchant; in
Speaker of Mass. House), ,
, , , –,
Customs Board, American: authorization
of, ; colonial attitude towards,
–, , ; composition of, ;
as Continental Congress grievance,
; and general writs of assistance,
, , ; Liberty riot, , –
; seeking safety, ; seizure of
ships and cargo, –, –
Customs Board, British,
customs officers: allowing violations of
law, ; assaults on, ; British
navy and, , –, –, ;
Continental Congress and, ;
corruption of, ; enforcement of
regulations, , –; powers of,
, , –; proceeds from
seizures, , , . See also ships
and cargo
Dalrymple, Col. William, ,
Dana, Richard (Mass.),
Dartmouth, nd Earl of ( William Legge),
, , ; and Franklin’s peace
negotiations, ; Gaspee affair, ;
on King’s orders following Boston
Tea Party, –; letter to Gage,
, –; ordering arrests of
Massachusetts Congress leaders,
li–lii; Quebec Act and, , ; re-
action to Boston Tea Party,
Dartmouth (ship), xliv–xlv, –, –
Deane, Silas, , –
De Berdt, Dennys, ,
Declaratory Act of , xi, xxxvii–
xxxviii; Parliament’s power to
make laws binding colonies, ,
–; passage of, , ; and tax-
ation, , –
De Grey, Sir William (st Baron Walsing-
ham), , ,
De Lancey, James (Gov. and Chief Jus-
tice of N.Y.), –, , ,
Delaware’s Continental Congress dele-
gates, ,
Dickinson, John (Pa.): on closing of Port
of Boston, ; as Continental
Congress delegate, , ; The
Late Regulations Respecting the British
courts (continued )