Hui Y.H., Nip W.-K., Nollet L.M.L., Paliyath G., Simpson B.K. (Eds.) Food Biochemistry and Food Processing
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Food Biochemistry and
Food Processing
Editor
Y. H. Hui
Associate Editors
Wai-Kit Nip
Leo M.L. Nollet
Gopinadhan Paliyath
Benjamin K. Simpson
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Food Biochemistry and
Food Processing
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iv
©2006 Blackwell Publishing
All rights reserved
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First edition, 2006
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Food biochemistry and food processing / editor, Y.H.
Hui ; associate editors, Wai-Kit Nip . . . [et al.].—
1st ed.
p. cm.
Includes index.
ISBN-13: 978-0-8138-0378-4 (alk. paper)
ISBN-10: 0-8138-0378-0 (alk. paper)
1. Food industry and trade—Research. I. Hui,
Y. H. (Yiu H.)
TP370.8.F66 2006
664—dc22
2005016405
The last digit is the print number: 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
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v
Contents
Contributors vii
Preface xiii
Part I: Principles
1. Food Biochemistry—An Introduction 3
W. K. Nip
2. Analytical Techniques in Food Biochemistry 25
M. Marcone
3. Recent Advances in Food Biotechnology Research 35
S. Jube and D. Borthakur
4. Browning Reactions 71
M. Villamiel, M. D. del Castillo, and N. Corzo
Part II: Water, Enzymology, Biotechnology, and Protein
Cross-linking
5. Water Chemistry and Biochemistry 103
C. Chieh
6. Enzyme Classification and Nomenclature 135
H. Ako and W. K. Nip
7. Enzyme Activities 155
D. J. H. Shyu, J. T. C. Tzen, and C. L. Jeang
8. Enzyme Engineering and Technology 175
D. Platis, G. A. Kotzia, I. A. Axarli, and N. E. Labrou
9. Protein Cross-linking in Food 223
J. A. Gerrard
10. Chymosin in Cheese Making 241
V. V. Mistry
11. Starch Synthesis in the Potato Tuber 253
P. Geigenberger and A. R. Fernie
12. Pectic Enzymes in Tomatoes 271
M. S. Kalamaki, N. G. Stoforos, and P. S. Taoukis
Part III: Muscle Foods
13. Biochemistry of Raw Meat and Poultry 293
F. Toldrá and M. Reig
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vi Contents
14. Biochemistry of Processing Meat and Poultry 315
F. Toldrá
15. Chemistry and Biochemistry of Color in Muscle Foods 337
J. A. Pérez-Alvarez and J. Fernández-López
16. Biochemistry of Seafood Processing 351
Y. H. Hui, N. Cross, H. G. Kristinsson, M. H. Lim, W. K. Nip,
L. F. Siow, and P. S. Stanfield
17. Seafood Enzymes 379
M. K. Nielsen and H. H. Nielsen
18. Proteomics: Methodology and Application in Fish Processing 401
O. T. Vilhelmsson, S. A. M. Martin, B. M. Poli, and D. F. Houlihan
Part IV: Milk
19. Chemistry and Biochemistry of Milk Constituents 425
P. F. Fox and A. L. Kelly
20. Biochemistry of Milk Processing 453
A. L. Kelly and P. F. Fox
Part V: Fruits, Vegetables, and Cereals
21. Biochemistry of Fruits 487
G. Paliyath and D. P. Murr
22. Biochemistry of Fruit Processing 515
M. Oke and G. Paliyath
23. Biochemistry of Vegetable Processing 537
M. Oke and G. Paliyath
24. Nonenzymatic Browning of Cookies, Crackers, and
Breakfast Cereals 555
M. Villamiel
25. Rye Constituents and Their Impact on Rye Processing 567
T. Verwimp, C. M. Courtin, and J. A. Delcour
Part VI: Fermented Foods
26. Dairy Products 595
T. D. Boylston
27. Bakery and Cereal Products 615
J. A. Narvhus and T. Sørhaug
28. Biochemistry of Fermented Meat 641
F. Toldrá
29. Biochemistry and Fermentation of Beer 659
R. Willaert
Part VII: Food Safety
30. Microbial Safety of Food and Food Products 689
J. A. Odumeru
31. Emerging Bacterial Foodborne Pathogens and Methods
of Detection 705
R. L. T. Churchill, H. Lee, and J. C. Hall
Index 745
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Contributors
vii
Harry Ako (Chapter 6)
Department of Molecular Biosciences and
Bioengineering
University of Hawaii at Manoa
Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
Phone: 808-956-2012
Fax: 808-956-3542
Email: hako@hawaii.edu
I. A. Axarli (Chapter 8)
Enzyme Technology Laboratory
Department of Agricultural Biotechnology
Agricultural University of Athens
Iera Odos 75
11855 Athens, Greece
Dulal Borthakur (Chapter 3)
Department of Molecular Biosciences and
Bioengineering
University of Hawaii at Manoa
Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
Phone: 808-956-6600
Fax: 808-956-3542
Email: dulal@hawaii.edu
Terri D. Boylston (Chapter 26)
Food Science and Human Nutrition
Iowa State University
2547 Food Sciences Building
Ames, IA 50011, USA
Phone: 515-294-0077
Fax: 515-294-8181
Email: tboylsto@iastate.edu
Chung Chieh (Chapter 5)
Department of Chemistry
University of Waterloo
Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
Phone (office): 519-888-4567 ext. 5816
Phone (home): 519-746-5133
Fax: 519-746-0435
Email: cchieh@uwaterloo.ca
Robin L.T. Churchill (Chapter 31)
Department of Environmental Biology
University of Guelph
Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
Nieves Corzo (Chapter 4)
Instituto de Fermentaciones Industriales (CSIC)
c/Juan de la Cierva, 3
28006 Madrid, Spain
Phone: 34 91 562 2900
Fax: 34 91 564 4853
Email: ifiv308@ifi.csic.es
C. M. Courtin (Chapter 25)
Department of Food and Microbial Technology
Faculty of Applied Bioscience and Engineering
Katholieke Universiteit Leuven
Kasteelpark Arenberg 20
B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
Phone: 32 16 321 634
Fax: 32 16 321 997
Email: christophe.courtin@agr.kuleuven.ac.be
N. Cross (Chapter 16)
Cross Associates
4461 North Keokuk Avenue
Apt. 1
Chicago, IL 60630, USA
Phone: 773-545-9289
Email: n.cross@sbcglobal.net
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viii Contributors
Maria Dolores del Castillo (Chapter 4)
Instituto de Fermentaciones Industriales (CSIC)
c/Juan de la Cierva, 3
28006 Madrid, Spain
Phone: 34 91 562 2900
Fax: 34 91 564 4853
Email: ifiv308@ifi.csic.es
J. A. Delcour (Chapter 25)
Department of Food and Microbial Technology
Faculty of Applied Bioscience and Engineering
Katholieke Universiteit Leuven
Kasteelpark Arenberg 20
B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
Phone: 32 16 321 634
Fax: 32 16 321 997
Email: jan.delcour@agr.kuleuven.ac.be
Juana Fernández-López (Chapter 15)
Departamento de Tecnología Agroalimentaria
Escuela Politécnica Superior de Orihuela
Universidad Miguel Hernández
Camino a Beniel s/n 03313 Desamparados
Orihuela (Alicante), Spain
Phone: 34 6 674 9656
Fax: 34 6 674 9609/674 9619
Email: j.fernandez@umh.es or
juana.fernaandez@accesosis.es
Alisdair R. Fernie (Chapter 11)
Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology
Am Mühlenberg 1
14476 Golm, Germany
Patrick F. Fox (Chapter 19, 20)
Food Science and Technology
University College Cork
Cork, Ireland
Phone: 00 353 21 490 2362
Fax: 00 353 21 427 0001
Email: pff@ucc.ie
Peter Geigenberger (Chapter 11)
Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology
Am Mühlenberg 1
14476 Golm, Germany
Email: geigenberger@mpimp-golm.mpg.de
Juliet A. Gerrard (Chapter 9)
School of Biological Sciences
University of Canterbury,
Christchurch, New Zealand
Phone: 64 03 364 2987
Fax: 64 03 364 2950
Email: juliet.gerrard@canterbury.ac.nz
J. Christopher Hall (Chapter 31)
Department of Environmental Biology
University of Guelph
Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
Phone: 519-824-4120 ext. 52740
Fax: 519-837-0442
Email: jchall@evb.uoguelph.ca
Dominic F. Houlihan (Chapter 18)
School of Biological Sciences
University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
Y. H. Hui (Editor, Chapter 16)
Science Technology System
P.O. Box 1374
West Sacramento, CA 95691, USA
Phone: 916-372-2655
Fax: 916-372-2690
Email: yhhui@aol.com
Chii-Ling Jeang (Chapter 7)
Department of Food Science
National Chung Hsing University
Taichung, Taiwan 40227, Republic of China
Phone: 886 4 228 62797
Fax: 886 4 228 76211
Email: cljeang@nchu.edu.tw
Sandro Jube (Chapter 3)
Department of Molecular Biosciences and
Bioengineering
University of Hawaii at Manoa
Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
Phone: 808-956-8210
Fax: 808-956-3542
Email: sandro@hawaii.edu
Mary S. Kalamaki (Chapter 12)
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences
Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
Phone: 30 2310 412238
Fax: 30 2310 412238
Email: mskalamaki@panafonet.gr
Alan L. Kelly (Chapter 19, 20)
Food Science and Technology
University of Cork
Cork, Ireland
Phone: 00 353 21 490 3405
Fax: 00 353 21 427 0001
Email: a.kelly@ucc.ie
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Contributors ix
G. A. Kotzia (Chapter 8)
Enzyme Technology Laboratory
Department of Agricultural Biotechnology
Agricultural University of Athens
Iera Odos 75
11855 Athens, Greece
H. G. Kristinsson (Chapter 16)
University of Florida
Laboratory of Aquatic Food Biomolecular Research
Aquatic Food Products Program
Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition
Gainesville FL 32611, USA
Phone: 352-392-1991 ext. 500
Fax: 352-392-9467
Email: HGKristinsson@mail.ifas.ufl.edu
Michael Krogsgaard Nielsen (Chapter 17)
Food Biotechnology and Engineering Group
Food Biotechnology
BioCentrum-DTU
Technical University of Denmark
Phone: 45 45 25 25 92
Email: mkn@dfu.min.dk
N. E. Labrou (Chapter 8)
Enzyme Technology Laboratory
Department of Agricultural Biotechnology
Agricultural University of Athens
Iera Odos 75
11855 Athens, Greece
Phone and Fax: 30 210 529 4308
Email: Lambrou@aua.gr
Hung Lee (Chapter 31)
Department of Environmental Biology
University of Guelph
Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
M. H. Lim (Chapter 16)
Department of Food Science
University of Otago
Dunedin, New Zealand
Phone: 64 3 479 7953
Fax: 64 3 479 7567
miang.lim@stonebow.otago.ac.nz
Massimo Marcone (Chapter 2)
Department of Food Science
University of Guelph
Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
Phone: 519-824-4120, ext. 58334
Fax: 519-824-6631
Email: mmarcone@uoguelph.ca
Samuel A. M. Martin (Chapter 18)
School of Biological Sciences
University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
Vikram V. Mistry (Chapter 10)
Dairy Science Department
South Dakota State University
Brookings SD 57007, USA
Phone: 605-688-5731
Fax: 605-688-6276
Email: vikram_mistry@sdstate.edu
Dennis P. Murr (Chapter 21)
Department of Plant Agriculture
University of Guelph
Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
Phone: 519-824-4120 ext. 53578
Email: dmurr@uoguelph.ca
Judith A. Narvhus (Chapter 27)
Dept of Chemistry, Biotechnology,
and Food Science
Norwegian University of Life Sciences
Box 5003
1432 Aas, Norway
Email: judith.narvhus@umb.no
Henrik Hauch Nielsen (Chapter 17)
Danish Institute for Fisheries Research
Department of Seafood Research
Søltofts Plads
Technical University of Denmark, Bldg. 221
DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
Phone: 45 45 25 25 93
Fax: 45 45 88 47 74
Email: hhn@dfu.min.dk
Michael Krogsgaard Nielsen (Chapter 17)
Food Biotechnology and Engineering Group
Food Biotechnology
BioCentrum-DTU
Technical University of Denmark, Bldg. 221
DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
Phone: 45 45 25 25 92
Fax: 45 45 88 47 74
Email: mkn@dfumin.dk
Wai-kit Nip (Associate Editor, Chapters 1, 6, 16)
Department of Molecular Biosciences and
Bioengineering
University of Hawaii at Manoa
Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
Phone: 808-956-3852
Fax: 808-955-6942
Email: wknip@hawaii.edu
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x Contributors
Leo M. L. Nollet (Associate Editor)
Hogeschool Gent
Department of Engineering Sciences
Schoonmeersstraat 52
B9000 Gent, Belgium
Phone: 00 329 242 4242
Fax: 00 329 243 8777
Email: leo.nollet@hogent.be
Joseph A. Odumeru (Chapter 30)
Laboratory Services Division
University of Guelph
95 Stone Road West
Guelph, Ontario N1H 8J7, Canada
Phone: 519-767-6243
Fax Number: 519-767-6240
Email: jodumeru@lsd.uoguelph.ca
Moustapha Oke (Chapters 22, 23)
Ontario Ministry of Agriculture and Food
1 Stone Road West, 2nd Floor SW
Guelph, Ontario N1G 4Y2, Canada
Email: Moustapha.oke@omaf.gov.on.ca
Gopinadhan Paliyath (Associate Editor, Chapters
21, 22, 23)
Department of Plant Agriculture
University of Guelph
Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
Phone: 519-824-4120, ext. 54856
Email: gpaliyat@uoguelph.ca
José Angel Pérez-Alvarez (Chapter 15)
Departamento de Tecnología Agroalimentaria
Escuela Politécnica Superior de Orihuela
Universidad Miguel Hernández
Camino a Beniel s/n 03313 Desamparados
Orihuela (Alicante), Spain
Phone: 34 06 674 9656
Fax: 34 06 674 9609/674 9619
Email: ja.perez@umh.es
D. Platis
Laboratory of Enzyme Technology
Department of Agricultural Biotechnology
Agricultural University of Athens
Iera Odos 75
11855 Athens, Greece
Bianca M. Poli (Chapter 18)
Department of Animal Production
University of Florence
Florence, Italy
Milagro Reig (Chapter 13)
Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología
de Alimentos (CSIC)
P.O. Box 73
46100 Burjassot (Valencia), Spain
Douglas J.H. Shyu (Chapter 7)
Graduate Institute of Biotechnology
National Chung Hsing University
Taichung, Taiwan 40227, Republic of China
Phone: 886 4 228 840328
Fax: 886 4 228 53527
Email: dshyu@ms7.hinet.net
Benjamin K. Simpson (Associate Editor)
Department of Food Science
McGill University, MacDonald Campus
21111 Lakeshore Road
St. Anne Bellevue PQ H9X3V9, Canada
Phone: 514-398-7737
Fax: 514-398-7977
Email: simpson@macdonald.mcgill.ca
L. F. Siow (Chapter 16)
Department of Food Science
University of Otago
Dunedin, New Zealand
Phone: 64 3 479 7953
Fax: 64 3 479 7567
Terje Sørhaug (Chapter 27)
Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology,
and Food Science
Norwegian University of Life Sciences
Box 5003
1432 Aas, Norway
Email: terje.sorhaug@umb.no
P. S. Stanfield (Chapter 16)
Dietetic Resources
794 Bolton St.
Twin Falls, ID 83301, USA
Phone: 208-733-8662
Email: PStanfld@PMT.org
Nikolaos G. Stoforos (Chapter 12)
Department of Chemical Engineering
Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
Phone: 30 2310 996450
Fax: 30 2310 996259
Email: stoforos@cheng.auth.gr
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