Hofmann-Wellenhof B., Moritz H. Physical Geodesy
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topographic masses
geoid
WW=
0
(=0)DW
S
W
( = –4 )DWG¼%
W
WW=
0
c
(=0)DW
c
W
c
(=0)DW
c
W
c
cogeoid
S
W
harmonic
=W
0
(=0)DW
W
(=0)DW
harmonic
W
harmonic
harmonic
geoid
S
(a)
(b)
(c)
P
earth's
surface
P
0
Q
0
geoid
ellipsoid
N
telluroid
Q
³
H
H
*
earth's
surface
quasigeoid
ellipsoid
³
