Subject Index S-1
and income, 110, 115
and skin color, 337
and socialization, 78, 79
and standards of gender, 295
and stereotypes, 78, 110
Berdache, 463
Between Two Worlds (Marquart),
487
Bias
in crime statistics, 222–23
in criminal justice, 213–14, 221,
225, 273
in death penalty, 218–21
in intelligence (IQ) tests, 507–9
in mass media, 641–42
in medicine, 310–11, 571–72
in research, 14–15, 131, 132,
140–41, 143, 296
Bicyclists, 9, 10
Big Brother, 191, 431, 461, 664
Bikers, 50, 52, 206
Bilineal system of descent, 464
Billboards, 138
Bioengineering, 596
Biofuels and food supply, 596
Biology and human behavior. See
Nature vs. nurture
Biotech society, 152–54, 399
Birth control, and global politics,
601
Births/birth rates. See also
Childbirth
crude birth rate, 601
and education, 501, 604
fertility rate, 601
and industrialization, 604
and population, 593, 594, 595,
600, 601, 603, 604
to single mothers, 285, 289, 478
Black Liberation Front, 645
Black Shirts, 640
Blaming the victim, 255, 451
Blended families, 480, 487
Bloods, the, 147, 157
Bloomingdale’s, 211
Blue-collar workers. See Working
class
Boards of directors, 411, 415,
416
Body image, 51, 115
Body language, 111, 424
Body parts, black market in, 562
Body weight, 115, 580, 588
Bonded laborers, 232, 305, 374
“Boomerang children,” 473–74
Boot camp
kindergarten as, 508
as a total institution, 87
Borden Chemicals, 670
Born again, 530, 537
Botox, 637
Bourgeoisie, 11, 27, 237, 241
Bourgeoisie, petty, 270
Branch Davidians, 544, 547
Brazil, 42, 197, 248–49, 333, 451,
562, 609, 673
Bronx Zoo, 343
Buchenwald concentration camp,
332
Buddhism, 540
Buerger’s disease, 582
Bull Moose Party, 440
Bullfighting, 39
Bureau of Indian Affairs, 359
Bureaucracies, 173–95. See also
Corporations
and alienation, 181–82
characteristics of, 177–79
and corporate culture, 187–88
defined, 177
dysfunctions of, 180–84
in education, 178
as formal organizations, defined,
177
functionalist perspective on,
180–84, 185–86
and goal displacement, 184
and group pranking, 183
ideal versus real, 179
incompetence in, 182–84
structure of universities, 178
Bureaucratic authority, 434
Burial, and the family, 26
Bus boycott, 353
Business, and culture, 187–88,
410, 422
C
California, 353, 357, 361, 362,
622, 629–30
Calvinism, 176, 535
Cambodia, 64, 66, 249, 250–51,
486
Camel jockeys, 233
Cameras, surveillance, 138,
191–92, 243
Camilla, Georgia, 120–21
Campaign funding, 445–46
Capital punishment, 198, 218–21,
301, 432
Capitalism. See also Globalization
of capitalism
and Calvinism, 13–14, 176,
534–35
characteristics of, 403–5
and class conflict, 11, 27–28,
237–38, 240–41
and competition, 192–93,
404–5
conflict perspective on, 191,
411, 415–18
corporate, 409, 411, 415–16
and crime, 210–11, 245
and cultural leveling, 60
defined, 176
and dialectical process of history,
658
economic crisis, consequences
of, 414
as economic system, 403–6
and education, 502
and global stratification,
425–27
ideology of, 405–6, 661
and Industrial Revolution,
653–54
laissez-faire, 403–4
and poverty in China, 407
and rationalization of society,
175–76
and religion, 13–14, 176,
534–35, 653
in Russia, 245, 502
socialism, convergence with,
406–8
spirit of, 13–14, 176, 534–35
welfare or state, 404–5
and workers’ revolution, 238,
241, 661
Capitalist class. See also
Corporations
characteristics of, 270
and exploitation of working
class, 11, 213–14, 238,
241, 341–42, 658, 661
and marriage, 405
and new technology, 277
workers, thinking of self as, 238
Caracol, 611
Caral, 608
Card stacking, 642
Cargo cult, 639
Carnegie Foundation, 563
Cascades, 166
Case studies, 134
Casey v. Planned parenthood, 647
Casinos, 138, 360
Caste, 233–35, 254, 345, 469, 534
Catastrophes, 120–21, 598
Categories, defined, 155, 156
Cause and effect, 136–38
Celebration, Florida, 619
Censorship, 208
Census, and race, 331
Centers for Disease Control, 22
Centrist parties, 441
CEOs (Chief Executive Officers),
264, 319, 415–16, 484
Cesarean section births, 16
Champagne, 265
Charisma, defined, 541
Charismatic authority, 434–35
Charismatic leaders, 541
Cheating and education, 514, 516
Checks and balances, 446
Cheerleaders, 310
Cherokee, the, 359
Child abuse, 490–91, 492, 634,
636
Child labor
in Africa, 399
in history, 25, 88, 213, 236, 399
in India, 232
in Least Industrialized Nations,
25, 88, 400, 591, 599
and slavery, 233, 235
Child pornography, 208
Child rearing. See also Parenthood
and day care, 82–83, 190, 472,
473
by grandparents, 482–83
in history, 88
by married couples, 466–68,
472, 473
by nannies, 472–73
and race–ethnicity, 477
and serial fatherhood, 489
by single mothers, 282, 283,
472, 473
and social class, 81–82, 276,
473
in U.S., 472–73
Childbirth. See also Births/birth
rates; Reproduction of humans
by cesarean section, 16
death during, by race–ethnicity,
339
emotions on birth of girl, 74
and marital satisfaction, 471–72
midwives vs. doctors, 303, 564
and social facts, 16
surrogate mothers, 479
Children and childhood. See also
Births/birth rates
bonding with mothers, 82–83
“boomerang,” 473–74
and Brazilian death squads,
248–49
and culture, 25, 88–89
custody of, in divorce, 478
in day care, 82–83, 190, 472,
473, 505, 634, 636
of divorce, 478, 486–88
as economic assets, 592, 599
effects of industrialization,
88–89
enslavement of, 233, 234
family size, 375, 470–71, 478,
494, 591, 592, 597–600,
603, 663
feral, 64
and gender socialization, 75–80,
309
historical views of, 25, 88–89,
592
infant mortality, 560–61
infanticide, 574, 604
institutionalized, 66–67
isolated, 63, 64, 66, 67
in kindergarten, 508
labor of (See Child Labor)
in Least Industrialized Nations,
591, 597–600
and the life course, 88–89
living with both parents, 494
and marital satisfaction, 471–72
meaning of, 25, 597–600
play of, 69–70, 76, 81–82
and poverty, 82, 238, 248–49,
282, 284–85, 381, 382,
400, 591
and reasoning skills, 70–71
of single mothers, 282, 283,
285, 472, 473
socialization, 4–5, 64–67,
75–80, 81–85, 473
as soldiers, 454
China
abortion in, 603, 604
AIDS in, 579
automobile industry in, 193
body image in, 115
brides for dead sons, 463
capitalism in, 375, 407, 411,
427
carbon dioxide/pollution in,
672
and cities, 608, 609
economic crisis and, 408, 414
education in, 498, 503
and elders, 375
foot binding in, 303
and G8, 455, 655
as a global power, 455, 456,
655, 657
identity cards, 663
and industrialization, 375
infanticide in, 604
and Internet, control of, 243
and Japan, 438
megacity in, 609
militarizing space, 667
monkey feast in, 40
nicotine deaths, 582
one-child policy, 375, 603, 663
political system of, 406
profiteering in, 198
and technology, 257, 659
wealth and poverty in, 244
Chinese Americans. See Asian
Americans
Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882, 357
Christian Solidarity International,
234