Fleet K. The Cambridge History of Turkey: Volume 1, Byzantium to Turkey, 1071-1453

Подождите немного. Документ загружается.

the cambridge history of

TURKEY

Volume I of The Cambridge History of Turkey examines the rise of

Turkish power in Anatolia from the arrival of the ﬁrst Turks at

the end of the eleventh century to the fall of Constantinople to

the Ottomans in 1453. Taking the period as a whole, rather than

dividing it along the more usual pre-Ottoman/Ottoman fault line,

the volume covers the political, economic, social, intellectual and

cultural history of the region as the Byzantine Empire crumbled

and Anatolia passed into Turkish control to become the heartland

of the Ottoman Empire. In this way, the contributors to the volume

engage withandemphasisethe continuitiesof the era rather thanits

dislocations, situating Anatolia within its geographic context at the

crossroads of Central Asia, the Middle East and the Mediterranean.

The world which emerges is one of military encounter, but also of

cultural co-habitation, intellectual and diplomatic exchange, and

political ﬁnesse. This is a state-of-the-art work of reference on an

understudied period in Turkish history by some of the leading

scholars in the ﬁeld.

kate fleet is Director of the Skilliter Centre for Ottoman Stud-

ies, Newnham College, Cambridge, and Newton Trust Lecturer

in Ottoman History at the Faculty of Asian and Middle Eastern

Studies, Cambridge University. Her previous publications include

European and Islamic Trade in the Early Ottoman State (1999) and, as

joint-editor, The Ottomans and Trade (2006).

the cambridge history of

TURKEY

Founding editor

I. Metin Kunt, Professor of History, Sabancı University

The Cambridge History of Turkey represents a monumental

enterprise. The History, comprising four volumes, covers the

period from the end of the eleventh century, with the arrival of the

Turks in Anatolia, through the emergence of the early Ottoman

state, and its development into a powerful empire in the ﬁfteenth

and sixteenth centuries, encompassing a massive territory from

the borders of Iran in the east, to Hungary in the west, and North

Africa and the Arabian Peninsula in the south. The last volume

covers its destruction in the aftermath of the First World War, and

the history of the modern state of Turkey which arose from the

ashes of empire. Chapters from an international team of contrib-

utors reﬂect the very signiﬁcant advances that have taken place in

Ottoman history and Turkish studies in recent years.

volume i

Byzantium to Turkey, 1071–1453

Edited by Kate Fleet

volume 2

The Ottoman Empire as a World Power, 1453–1603

Edited by Suraiya N. Faroqhi and Kate Fleet

volume 3

The Later Ottoman Empire, 1603–1839

Edited by Suraiya N. Faroqhi

volume 4

Turkey in the Modern World

Edited by Res¸at Kasaba

THE CAMBRIDGE

HISTORY OF

TURKEY

VOLUME I

Byzantium to Turkey, 1071–1453

Edited by

KATE FLEET

cambridge university press

Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, S

ao Paulo, Delhi

Cambridge University Press

The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge cb2 8ru,UK

Published in the United States of America by Cambridge University Press, New York

www.cambridge.org

Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9780521620932

C

Cambridge University Press 2009

This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception

and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements,

no reproduction of any part may take place without

the written permission of Cambridge University Press.

First published 2009

Printed in the United Kingdom at the University Press, Cambridge

A catalogue record for this publication is available from the British Library

Library of Congress Cataloguing in Publication data

Byzantium to Turkey, 1071–1453 / edited by Kate Fleet.

p. cm. – (The Cambridge history of Turkey ; v. 1)

Includes bibliographical references and index.

isbn 978-0-521-62093-2 (hardback)

1. Turkey – History – To 1453. I. Fleet, Kate.

dr481.b98 2008

956.1



014 –dc22 2008035737

isbn 978-0-521-62093-2 hardback

Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or

accuracy of URLs for external or third-party internet websites referred to

in this publication, and does not guarantee that any content on such

websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate.

Contents

· List of illustrations ix

· List of maps x

· List of contributors xi

· A note on transliteration xiii

· Chronology xiv

· 1 · Introduction 1

kate ﬂeet

· 2 · The Byzantine Empire from the eleventh to the ﬁfteenth century 6

julian chrysostomides

· 3 · Anatolia under the Mongols 51

charles melville

· 4 · Anatolia, 1300–1451 102

rudi paul lindner

· 5 · The incorporation of the Balkans into the Ottoman Empire,

1353–1453 138

machiel kiel

· 6 · Ottoman warfare, 1300–1453 192

al fodor

· 7 · The Turkish economy, 1071–1453 227

kate ﬂeet

vii

Contents

· 8 · Art and architecture, 1300–1453 266

howard crane

· 9 · Social, cultural and intellectual life, 1071–1453 353

ahmet yas¸ar ocak

· Glossary 423

· Bibliography 429

· Index 482

viii

Illustrations

8.1 Plan of Bursa in the fourteenth and ﬁfteenth centuries page 275

8.2

Ilyas Bey Camii, Balat (Miletus), plan and view of north fac¸ade 280

8.3 Ye s¸il Cami,

Iznik, plan and view from north-west 282

8.4 Ulu Cami, Ermenak, plan and view of prayer hall interior along kıble wall 284

8.5

Isa Bey Camii, Ayasoluk, plan and view from south 285

8.6 Sungur Bey Camii, Ni

gde, plan and view of north portal 287

8.7 Ulu Cami, Bursa, plan and interior of prayer hall 289

8.8

Ilyas Bey Camii, Manisa, plan and view of prayer hall interior 291

8.9

Uc¸S¸erefeli Cami, Edirne, plan and view of covering showing arrangement

of prayer hall domes 293

8.10 Ye s¸il complex, Bursa, site plan and view of south-west exterior of mosque 296

8.11 Hatuniye Medrese, Karaman, plan, view of portal and view of courtyard 299

8.12 Vacidiye Medresesi, K

utahya, plan and view of courtyard and eyvan 301

8.13 Haliliye Medresesi, G

us¸, Merzifon, plan 303

8.14 Muradiye Medresesi, Bursa, plan 304

8.15 H

udavend Hatun T

urbesi,

gde, general view 307

8.16 As¸ik Pas¸a T

urbesi, Kırs¸ehir, general view 309

8.17 Tas¸kın Pas¸a Sarayı, Damsa K

Urg

up, plan and general view 312

8.18 Issız Han, Ulubad, plan and general view of entry fac¸ade 315

8.19

Iskendername, dated 819/1416 323

8.20 Muradiye, Edirne, detail of kalem is¸i 325

8.21 Konya carpet (t

ıem 688), c.1300 330

8.22 Niccolo di Buonacorso, Marriage of the Virgin (c.1370), with Anatolian animal

carpet 332

8.23 Animal carpet with struggling dragon and phoenix, c.1400 334

8.24 Proto-Holbein carpet from Beys¸ehir 337

8.25 Mihrab, Ulu Cami of Birgi 339

8.26 Ye s¸il T

urbe, Bursa, general view of exterior 341

8.27 Mihrab and

cenotaph, Yes¸il T

urbe, Bursa 342

8.28 Muradiye, Edirne, detail of dado 344

8.29 Minber bone inlay, Tas¸kın Pas¸a Camii, Damsa K

Urg

up 349

8.30 K

undekari wooden door, Yes¸il T

urbe, Bursa 350