Duiker W.J., Spielvogel J.J. The Essential World History. Volume 2: Since 1500

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830 INDEX

525–528, 529, 595; spread of, 515–516;

Vietnamese, 431. See also Colonies and

colonization

Imperial Rescript on Education (Japan), 558

Imports: mercantilism and, 373. See also

Trade

Impressionism, 510

Independence: in Africa, 525, 529, 723–724,

725–731, 732–733; of American colonies, 447;

of India, 591, 592, 753–756; in Latin America,

454, 491–495, 609; in Malaya, 761; in Middle

East, 737–738; pan-Africanism and, 725; in

Philippines, 761; for Russian ethnic groups,

679; in Singapore, 773; in Southeast Asia,

655–656, 762; of Soviet republics, 679–680,

680 (map); before World War I, 486. See also

Nationalism

India, 753–756, 760; agriculture in, 400, 758;

architecture in, 405, 405–406, 406; arts in,

760; British in, 401, 402–403, 446, 450, 516,

517–520, 520 (map), 592, 592 (map), 594;

castes in, 404, 758; colonialism in, 516,

517–520, 520 (map), 524–525; communalism

in, 757; culture in, 404–406; Dutch in, 345,

401; economy in, 399, 402–404, 405, 519,

754, 757–758; fast food in, 759; France and,

401–402, 450; Gandhi and, 589–590, 591–594,

593, 594; Gateway to, 536; government of,

400–401, 519–520, 753–756; Hinduism in,

399, 753, 757; housing in, 733; independence

of, 753–756; industrialization in, 467; Islam

and, 757; languages in, 757; literature in, 406,

759–760; marriage in, 758, 759, 760; Mughals

in, 397–406; outsourcing to, 758; population

in, 419, 755, 758; Portugal and, 334, 339, 401,

402; religion in, 399, 757; Sepoy Rebellion in,

534–536; society in, 399; Western in uence

in, 401–403; women in, 403–404, 593–594,

758–759; World War I and, 572

Indian National Congress (INC), 591, 594

Indian Ocean region: commerce of, 335

Indians (Native Americans): Columbus and,

342; in Latin America, 445, 446, 446; in

Mexican revolt (1810), 491; Spanish treatment

of, 342–343, 344, 344, 445

Indies: Columbus and, 341

Indigenous peoples. See Indians (Native

Americans)

Indirect rule, 516, 517, 523, 531–532

Individualism: China and, 605, 691

Indochina: French in, 517, 520–521, 655–656,

660; Japan and, 623, 631; manufacturing

in, 524; a er 1954, 656, 656 (map). See also

Cambodia; Laos; Vietnam

Indochinese Communist Party, 655

Indochinese Union, 521

Indo-Muslim civilization, in India, 399

Indonesia, 763–764, 765; democracy and, 761;

development in, 764; ethnic cultures in, 766;

Hindus in, 730; independence and, 761;

McDonald’s in, 667; terrorist attack in, 714;

unrest in, 766–767; women in, 766

Indonesian Nationalist Party, 761

Home front: in World War I, 573–574; in World

War II, 631–635

Homeland Security, Department of, 705

Homosexuality, 710

Honduras, 341, 493, 496, 609

Honecker, Erich, 664, 680

Hong Kong, 411, 542, 544, 544 (map), 773,

774–775

Hongwu (China), 414

Hong Xiuquan (Hung Hsiu-ch’uan), 544

Hoogly, Port, 402

Hormuz, 397

Höss, Rudolf, 630, 633

Hostage crisis, in Iran, 705, 741

Hotline: U.S.-Soviet, 659

House of Commons (England), 379

House of Lords (England), 379

Housing: in Africa, 732; in India, 733; in

London, 468–469; reforms of, 500; in Soviet

Union, 672

Hué, Vietnam, 431, 523

Huguenots, 370. See also Protestantism

Hu Jintao (China), 686

Humanism, 363

Human rights, 665, 680

Humayun (Mughals), 398, 405, 406

Hungary, 364, 378, 703; Austria and, 392; Battle

of Mohács in, 385; nationalism in, 476, 477; in

NATO, 701; Nazi Germany and, 624; Ottoman

Turks and, 388–389; revolution in, 477, 657,

657; Soviet Union and, 628, 645, 679–680;

a er World War I, 580

Huntington, Samuel P., 667

Hurricane Katrina, 705

Husák, Gustav, 664, 680

Hussein (Jordan), 738

Hutu people, 729–730

Hyderabad, 753

Hydroelectricity, 470–471

Iberian peninsula. See Portugal; Spain

Ibn Saud, 598

Ibsen, Henrik, 503, 607

ICBMs (intercontinental ballistic missiles),

658

Ideal Marriage … (van de Velde), 584

Ideology: in China, 660, 684–686; in Soviet

Union, 584, 660; a er World War II,

638, 715

Illiteracy: in Africa, 732

Imams, 394

Immigrants and immigration: to Canada, 499; to

France, 698–699; Jews and, 509, 598–599, 737;

to Latin America, 496

Impeachment: of Clinton, 705

Imperial city (Beijing), 421–422, 422

Imperial Decree (Alexander II), 483

Imperialism, 343, 514–516; in Africa, 525–533;

assessment of colonialism and, 536, 537–538;

in China, 541–546, 546 (map), 551; in Egypt,

525–527; global environment and, 552, 552;

by Japan, 557–560; in Nile River region,

Hauser, Heinrich, 582

Havel, Václav, 680

Hawaii, 498, 624–625

Hay, John, 546

Health care: in U.S., 704

Heart of Darkness (Conrad), 736

Heliocentric theory, 436, 437

Hellespont. See Dardanelles

Helsinki Accords (1975), 665, 680

Henry IV (France), 370

Henry VII (England), 341

Henry VIII (England), 367

Henry the Navigator (Portugal), 337,

338–339, 344

Herzegovina, 486

Hesse, Hermann, 586

Hezbollah, 741

Hidalgo y Costilla, Miguel, 491

Hideyoshi. See Toyotomi Hideyoshi

(Japan)

Hierarchies: in Japanese society, 556–557

High culture, 442

Higher education: in Africa, 732. See also

Education; Universities and colleges

Highways. See Roads and highways

Himmler, Heinrich, 619, 629, 630

Hindenburg, Paul von, 618

Hindi language, 757

Hindus and Hinduism, 760; in India, 399, 753,

757; in Indonesia, 730

; literature of, 406; in

Mughal Empire, 399, 401

Hippies, 711

Hirado Island, 424, 424 (map)

Hiroshige, Ando (Japanese artist),

430

Hiroshima, bombing of, 629, 635, 636

Hispanics: in U.S., 704

Hispaniola, 341, 342, 454, 491. See also Haiti;

Saint-Domingue

Historia General y Natural de las Indias

(Fernández de Ovieda), 356

“History Will Absolve Me” (Castro), 708

Hitler, Adolf, 582, 616, 618–619, 624; declaration

of war on U.S., 626; German home front

and, 633–634; Munich Conference and,

621–622; preparation for war by, 620–622;

suicide by, 628. See also Nazi Germany;

World War II

Hitler Youth, 630

Hoang Cao Khai, 535

Höch, Hannah, 584, 585

Ho Chi Minh (Vietnam), 600, 655, 660,

761

Ho Chin Minh Trail (Vietnam), 662

Hokusai (Japanese artist), 430

Holland. See Dutch; Netherlands

Holocaust (Nazi), 629–631, 630, 633

Holstein, 480

Holy Land. See Crusades; Israel; Jerusalem;

Palestine

Holy Roman Empire, 374 (map); Germanic

Confederation a er, 477; Habsburgs and, 378;

Luther and, 364–365;  irty Years’ War

and, 373

Index 831

civilians in World War II, 635; colonies of,

609, 767; culture in, 428–430, 560–561,

770–771; democracy in, 606–608; economy

in, 425–426, 555–556, 608–609, 620, 767,

768–769; education in, 428; expansion by,

557–558, 558 (map), 622–624; family in,

428; farmers in, 426; as German ally, 621;

government in, 767–768; Great Depression

in, 620; Great Peace in, 424–425; imperialism

by, 557–560; industrialization in, 470, 472,

473; industry in, 426, 556, 608, 609; interwar

period in, 605–609; isolation of, 553–554;

Jesuit conversions in, 369; Korea and,

422–423, 431, 553, 559–560, 602, 609, 654;

labor in, 608–609, 635; land problems in, 426;

lifestyle in, 426–427; Manchuria and, 559, 602,

609; marriage in, 428; Meiji Restoration in,

554–557, 558 (map), 561–562, 768; militarism

in, 620; mobilization for World War II,

634–635; Nanjing and, 622; Pearl Harbor

attack by, 624–625, 627 (map); peasants in,

426, 428; Philippines and, 521; politics in, 555;

Polo, Marco, in, 337; population in, 425–426;

Portugal and, 423, 424; religion in, 770; rise

of modern, 553–562; Russo-Japanese War

and, 484, 486, 559; Shidehara diplomacy in,

609; Sino-Japanese War and, 545, 558–559,

560; society in, 426–428, 556–557, 561, 562,

606–608, 768, 769–771; Southeast Asia and,

631; Taiwan, 609; Tokugawa shogunate in,

422–430, 422 (map); values in, 557; West and,

423–424, 516, 553–554, 555, 557, 562; women

in, 428, 557, 635, 769–770; a er World

War II, 636, 767–769; World War II and,

624–626, 629, 631; zaibatsu in, 608–609.