Duiker W.J., Spielvogel J.J. The Essential World History. Volume 1: To 1800
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x DETAILED CONTENTS
African Culture 201
Painting and Sculpture 201
Music 202
Architecture 203
Literature 203
Suggested Reading 205
Discovery 207
9
THE EXPANSION OF CIVILIZATION
IN SOUTHERN ASIA 208
e Silk Road 209
India A er the Mauryas 211
e Gupta Dynasty: A New Golden Age? 211
e Transformation of Buddhism 211
e Decline of Buddhism in India 213
e Arrival of Islam 214
e Empire of Mahmud of Ghazni 214
e Delhi Sultanate 216
Tamerlane 217
Society and Culture 219
Religion 219
COMPARATIVE ESSAY
Caste, Class, and Family 220
Economy and Daily Life 221
e Wonder of Indian Culture 222
e Golden Region: Early Southeast Asia 225
Paddy Fields and Spices: e States
of Southeast Asia 225
Daily Life 228
World of the Spirits: Religious Belief 229
Expansion into the Paci c 230
Suggested Reading 232
Discovery 234
10
THE FLOWERING OF
TRADITIONAL CHINA 235
China A er the Han 236
China Reuni ed: e Sui, the Tang, and the Song 237
e Sui Dynasty 237
e Tang Dynasty 238
e Song Dynasty 239
Political Structures: e Triumph of Confucianism 239
OPPOSING VIEWPOINTS
Action or Inaction: An Ideological Dispute
in Medieval China 240
e Economy 242
COMPARATIVE ESSAY
The Spread of Technology 243
Society in Traditional China 244
Explosion in Central Asia: e Mongol Empire 247
Mongol Rule in China 250
FILM & HISTORY
The Adventures of Marco Polo (1938) and
Marco Polo (2007) 251
From the Yuan to the Ming 252
e Ming Dynasty 252
e Voyages of Zhenghe 252
An Inward Turn 253
In Search of the Way 254
e Rise and Decline of Buddhism and Daoism 254
Neo-Confucianism: e Investigation of ings 255
e Apogee of Chinese Culture 256
Literature 256
Art 257
Suggested Reading 260
Discovery 261
11
THE EAST ASIAN RIMLANDS:
EARLY JAPAN, KOREA, AND
VIETNAM 262
Japan: Land of the Rising Sun 263
A Gi from the Gods: Prehistoric Japan 264
e Rise of the Japanese State 264
COMPARATIVE ESSAY
Feudal Orders Around the World 269
Economic and Social Structures 270
In Search of the Pure Land: Religion
in Early Japan 271
FILM & HISTORY
Rashomon (1950) 272
Sources of Traditional Japanese Culture 273
Japan and the Chinese Model 276
Korea: Bridge to the East 277
e ree Kingdoms 277
e Rise of the Koryo Dynasty 278
Under the Mongols 279
Vietnam: e Smaller Dragon 279
e Rise of Great Viet 279
Society and Family Life 282
Suggested Reading 284
Discovery 285
Detailed Contents xi
12
THE MAKING OF
EUROPE 286
e Emergence of Europe in the Early
Middle Ages 287
e New Germanic Kingdoms 287
e Role of the Christian Church 287
Charlemagne and the Carolingians 288
e World of Lords and Vassals 289
Europe in the High Middle Ages 291
Land and People 292
e New World of Trade and Cities 293
OPPOSING VIEWPOINTS
Two Views of Trade and Merchants 295
COMPARATIVE ESSAY
Cities in the Medieval World 296
Evolution of the European Kingdoms 297
FILM & HISTORY
The Lion in Winter (1968) 298
Christianity and Medieval Civilization 302
e Culture of the High Middle Ages 304
Medieval Europe and the World 306
e First Crusades 306
e Later Crusades 307
E ects of the Crusades 307
Suggested Reading 309
Discovery 310
13
THE BYZANTINE EMPIRE AND
CRISIS AND RECOVERY IN
THE WEST 311
From Eastern Roman to Byzantine Empire 312
e Reign of Justinian (527–565) 312
A New Kind of Empire 314
e Zenith of Byzantine Civilization
(750–1025) 317
e Beginning of a Revival 317
e Macedonian Dynasty 317
e Decline and Fall of the Byzantine Empire
(1025–1453) 319
New Challenges and New Responses 320
Impact of the Crusades 320
e Ottoman Turks and the Fall of Constantinople 321
e Crises of the Fourteenth Century 321
e Black Death: From Asia to Europe 321
COMPARATIVE ESSAY
The Role of Disease in History 323
Economic Dislocation and Social Upheaval 324
Political Instability 324
e Decline of the Church 325
Recovery: e Renaissance 326
e Intellectual Renaissance 326
e Artistic Renaissance 327
e State in the Renaissance 328
Suggested Reading 330
Discovery 331
III The Emergence of New World
Patterns (–)
14
NEW ENCOUNTERS: THE CREATION
OF A WORLD MARKET 334
An Age of Exploration and Expansion 335
Islam and the Spice Trade 335
e Spread of Islam in West Africa 336
A New Player: Europe 337
e Portuguese Maritime Empire 338
e Portuguese in India 339
e Search for Spices 339
Spanish Conquests in the “New World” 341
e Voyages 341
e Conquests 341
Governing the Empire 342
e Impact of European Expansion 343
New Rivals 343
COMPARATIVE ESSAY
The Columbian Exchange 344
Africa in Transition 345
Europeans in Africa 345
e Slave Trade 346
Political and Social Structures in a Changing
Continent 350
Southeast Asia in the Era of the Spice Trade 351
e Arrival of the West 351
State and Society in Precolonial Southeast Asia 352
FILM & HISTORY
Mutiny on the Bounty (1962) 352
Society 355
OPPOSING VIEWPOINTS
The March of Civilization 356
Suggested Reading 359
Discovery 360
xii DETAILED CONTENTS
15
EUROPE TRANSFORMED:
REFORM AND STATE
BUILDING 361
e Reformation of the Sixteenth Century 362
Background to the Reformation 362
Martin Luther and the Reformation
in Germany 364
e Spread of the Protestant Reformation 365
OPPOSING VIEWPOINTS
A Reformation Debate: Conflict at
Marburg 366
e Social Impact of the Protestant Reformation 367
e Catholic Reformation 367
COMPARATIVE ESSAY
Marriage in the Early Modern World 368
Europe in Crisis, 1560–1650 369
Politics and the Wars of Religion in the Sixteenth
Century 370
Economic and Social Crises 371
Seventeenth-Century Crises: Revolution and War 373
Response to Crisis: e Practice of Absolutism 375
France Under Louis XIV 375
Absolutism in Central and Eastern Europe 377
England and Limited Monarchy 378
Con ict Between King and Parliament 378
Civil War and Commonwealth 379
Restoration and a Glorious Revolution 379
e Flourishing of European Culture 380
Art: e Baroque 380
Art: Dutch Realism 381
A Golden Age of Literature in England 381
Suggested Reading 382
Discovery 384
16
THE MUSLIM EMPIRES 385
e Ottoman Empire 386
e Rise of the Ottoman Turks 386
Expansion of the Empire 386
COMPARATIVE ESSAY
The Changing Face of War 387
e Nature of Turkish Rule 389
Religion and Society in the Ottoman World 391
e Ottomans in Decline 392
Ottoman Art 393
e Safavids 394
Safavid Politics and Society 396
Safavid Art and Literature 397
e Grandeur of the Mughals 397
e Founding of the Empire 398
Akbar and Indo-Muslim Civilization 399
Empire in Crisis 399
e Impact of Western Power in India 401
OPPOSING VIEWPOINTS
The Capture of Port Hoogly 402
Society and Economy Under the Mughals 403
Mughal Culture 404
Suggested Reading 408
Discovery 409
17
THE EAST ASIAN WORLD 410
China at Its Apex 411
From the Ming to the Qing 411
e Greatness of the Qing 413
Changing China 418
e Population Explosion 418
Seeds of Industrialization 418
COMPARATIVE ESSAY
The Population Explosion 419
Daily Life in Qing China 419
Cultural Developments 420
Tokugawa Japan 422
e ree Great Uni ers 422
Opening to the West 423
e Tokugawa “Great Peace” 424
Life in the Village 426
Tokugawa Culture 428
Korea and Vietnam 430
Vietnam: e Perils of Empire 431
Suggested Reading 433
Discovery 434
18
THE WEST ON THE
EVE OF A NEW WORLD
ORDER 435
Toward a New Heaven and a New Earth: An Intellectual
Revolution in the West 436
e Scienti c Revolution 436
Background to the Enlightenment 438
COMPARATIVE ESSAY
The Scientific Revolution 438
e Philosophes and eir Ideas 439
Culture in an Enlightened Age 441
Detailed Contents xiii
Economic Changes and the Social Order 442
New Economic Patterns 443
European Society in the Eighteenth Century 443
Colonial Empires and Revolution in the Western
Hemisphere 444
e Society of Latin America 444
British North America 445
FILM & HISTORY
The Mission (1986) 446
Toward a New Political Order and
Global Con ict 447
Prussia 448
e Austrian Empire of the Habsburgs 448
Russia Under Catherine the Great 448
Enlightened Absolutism Reconsidered 448
Changing Patterns of War: Global
Confrontation 449
e French Revolution 450
Background to the French Revolution 450
From Estates-General to National Assembly 451
Destruction of the Old Regime 451
e Radical Revolution 453
Reaction and the Directory 454
e Age of Napoleon 455
Domestic Policies 455
Napoleon’s Empire 457
Suggested Reading 460
Discovery 461
GLOSSARY 462
PRONUNCIATION GUIDE 474
CHAPTER NOTES 483
MAP CREDITS 486
INDEX 487
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CHAPTER 1
THE CODE OF HAMMURABI 10
Pritchard, James B., ed., Ancient Near Eastern Texts Relating to
the Old Testament, 3rd Edition with Supplement. Copyright
© 1969 by Princeton University Press. Reprinted by permission
of Princeton University Press.
THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE NILE RIVER
AND THE PHARAOH 14
From Pritchard, James B., ed., Ancient Near Eastern Texts
Relating to the Old Testament, 3rd Edition with Supplement.
Copyright © 1969 by Princeton University Press. Reprinted by
permission of Princeton University Press. Reprinted from e
Literature of the Ancient Egyptians, Adolf Erman, copyright
1927 by E. P. Dutton.
OPPOSING VIEWPOINTS: AKHENATEN’S
HYMN TO ATEN AND PSALM 104 OF THE
HEBREW BIBLE 17
Pritchard, James B., ed., Ancient Near Eastern Texts Relating
to the Old Testament, 3rd Edition with Supplement. Copyright
© 1950, 1955, 1969, renewed 1978 by Princeton University
Press. Reprinted by permission of Princeton University Press.
Reprinted from the Holy Bible, New International Version.
THE ASSYRIAN MILITARY MACHINE 24
“King Sennacherib (704–681 b.c.e.) Describes a Battle with
the Elamites in 691”: From e Might at Was Assyria by
H. W. Saggs. Copyright © 1984 by Sidgwick & Jackson Limited.
Pritchard, James B., ed., Ancient Near Eastern Texts Relating to
the Old Testament, 3rd Edition with Supplement. Copyright
© 1969 by Princeton University Press. Reprinted by permission
of Princeton University Press.
CHAPTER 2
THE DUTIES OF A KING 36
Excerpt from Sources of Indian Tradition, by William eodore
de Bary. Copyright © 1988 by Columbia University Press.
Reprinted with the permission of the publisher.
SOCIAL CLASSES IN ANCIENT INDIA 37
Excerpt from Sources of Indian Tradition, by William eodore
de Bary. Copyright © 1988 by Columbia University Press.
Reprinted with the permission of the publisher.
THE POSITION OF WOMEN IN ANCIENT INDIA 40
Excerpt from Sources of Indian Tradition, by William eodore
de Bary. Copyright © 1988 by Columbia University Press.
Reprinted with the permission of the publisher.
HOW TO ACHIEVE ENLIGHTENMENT 45
From e Teaching of the Compassionate Buddha, E. A. Burtt,
ed. Copyright 1955 by Mentor. Used by permission of the
E. A. Burtt Estate.
CHAPTER 3
OPPOSING VIEWPOINTS: A DEBATE OVER GOOD
AND EVIL 63
Excerpts from William eodore de Bary and Irene Bloom,
Sources of Chinese Tradition, Vol. I, 2nd edition (New York,
1999), pp. 129, 147, 179–181. Copyright © 1999 by Columbia
University Press. Reprinted with the permission of the
publisher.
THE DAOIST ANSWER TO CONFUCIANISM 64
Reprinted with permission of Macmillan College Publishing
Company from e Way of Lao Tzu by Wing-Tsit Chan, trans.
Copyright © 1963 by Macmillan College Publishing Co., Inc.
THE ART OF WAR 66
From Sun Tzu: e Art of War, Ralph D. Sawyer (Boulder:
Westview Press, 1994), pp. 177–179.
MEMORANDUM OF THE BURNING OF BOOKS 68
Excerpt from Sources of Chinese Tradition, by William
eodore de Bary. Copyright © 1960 by Columbia University
Press. Reprinted with the permission of the publisher.
CHAPTER 4
HOMER’S IDEAL OF EXCELLENCE 83
From e Iliad by Homer, translated by E. V. Rieu (Penguin
Classics 1950). Copyright © the Estate of E. V. Rieu, 1946.
Reproduced by permission of Penguin Books Ltd.
THE LYCURGAN REFORMS 86
From Plutarch, e Lives of the Noble Grecians and Romans,
translated by John Dryden, and revised by Arthur Hugh Clough
(New York: Modern Library).
DOCUMENTS
xiv
Documents xv
HOUSEHOLD MANAGEMENT AND THE ROLE
OF THE ATHENIAN WIFE 95
Reprinted by permission of the publishers and the Trustees of
the Loeb Classical Library from Xenophon: Memorabilia and
Oeconomicus, Volume IV, Loeb Classical Library 168, translated
by E. C. Marchant, Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University
Press, 1923. e Loeb Classical Library
®
is a registered
trademark of the President and Fellows of Harvard College.
ALEXANDER MEETS AN INDIAN KING 98
From e Campaigns of Alexander by Arrian, translated by
Aubrey de Selincourt. Viking Press, 1976.
CHAPTER 5
CINCINNATUS SAVES ROME: A ROMAN
MORALITY TALE 108
From e Early History of Rome by Livy, trans. by Aubrey de
Selincourt. Copyright © the Estate of Aubrey de Selincourt 1960.
THE ROMAN FEAR OF SLAVES 118
From e Annals of Imperial Rome by Tacitus, translated by
Michael Grant (Penguin Classics, 1956, Sixth revised edition
1989). Copyright © Michael Grant Publications Ltd, 1956, 1959,
1971, 1989. Reproduced by permission of Penguin Books Ltd.
From Letters of the Younger Pliny translated by Betty Radice
(Penguin Classics, 1963). Copyright © Betty Radice, 1963.
Reproduced by permission of Penguin Books Ltd.
OPPOSING VIEWPOINTS: ROMAN AUTHORITIES
AND A CHRISTIAN ON CHRISTIANITY 123
An Exchange Between Pliny and Trajan. From e Letters of
the Younger Pliny, translated with an introduction by Betty
Radice (Penguin Classics 1963, Reprinted 1969). Copyright
© Betty Radice, 1963, 1969. Reproduced by permission of
Penguin Books Ltd. From Origen, Contra Celsum. Trans. Henry
Chadwick. Copyright © 1953. Reprinted with the permission of
Cambridge University Press.
AN EDICT FROM THE EMPEROR 124
Excerpt from Sources of Chinese Tradition, by William
eodore de Bary. Copyright © 1960 by Columbia University
Press. Reprinted with the permission of the publisher.
CHAPTER 6
THE CREATION OF THE WORLD: A MAYAN VIEW 140
From Popol-Vuh: e Sacred Book of the Ancient Maya,
translated by Adrian Recinos. Copyright © 1950 by the
University of Oklahoma Press. Reprinted by permission.
MARKETS AND MERCHANDISE IN AZTEC MEXICO 144
From e Conquest of New Spain by Bernal Diaz. Copyright
© 1975. (Harmondsworth: Penguin), pp. 232–233.
AZTEC MIDWIFE RITUAL CHANTS 145
From e Florentine Codex : General History of the ings
of New Spain by Bernadino De Sahagun. University of Utah
Press, 1982.
VIRGINS WITH RED CHEEKS 150
From Letter to a King by Guaman Poma de Ayala. Translated
and edited by Christopher Dilke. Published by E. P. Dutton,
New York, 1978.
CHAPTER 7
THE QUR’AN: THE PILGRIMAGE 161
From e Koran, translated by N. J. Dawood (Penguin
Classics, Fi h revised edition 1990) copyright © N. J.
Dawood, 1956, 1959, 1966, 1968, 1974, 1990, 1993, 1997,
1999, 2003. Reproduced by permission of Penguin Books,
Ltd.
OPPOSING VIEWPOINTS: THE SIEGE OF
JERUSALEM: CHRISTIAN AND MUSLIM
PERSPECTIVES 168
Fulcher of Chartres, Chronicle of the First Crusade.
From e First Crusade: e Chronicle of Fulcher of Chartres
and Other Source Materials, 2nd ed. Ed. Edward Peters
(University of Pennsylvania Press, 1998), pp. 90–91. Account
of Ibn al-Athir. From Arab Historians of the Crusades, ed.
and trans. E. J. Costello. Berkeley: University of California
Press, 1969.
SAGE ADVICE FROM FATHER TO SON 171
H. Keller (ed.), Ibn Abi Tahir Kitab Baghdad (Leipzig, 1908),
cited in H. Kennedy, When Baghdad Ruled the Muslim World:
e Rise and Fall of Islam’s Greatest Dynasty (Cambridge, MA,
2004), pp. 204–205.
“DRAW THEIR VEILS OVER THEIR BOSOMS” 175
From Women in World History, Volume 1. Readings from
Prehistory to 1500, ed. Sarah Shaver Hughers and Brady
Hughes (Armonk, NY: M. E. Sharpe, 1995), p. 152–153.
Translation copyright © 1995 M. E. Sharpe, Inc. Reprinted
with permission.
CHAPTER 8
BEWARE THE TROGODYTES! 186
Agatharchides of Cnidus, On the Erythraean Sea, trans.
S. Burstein (London, 1989), fragments 62-64, as cited in
S. Burstein (ed.), Ancient African Civilizations: Kush and
Axum (Princeton, 1998), pp. 47–50.
FAULT LINE IN THE DESERT 189
From Western African History, Vol. I by Robert O. Collins
(Princeton, NJ: Markus Weiner Press, 1990), p. 24–26.
THE COAST OF ZANJ 194
From G. S. P. Freeman-Grenville, e East African Coast: Select
Documents, copyright © 1962 by Oxford University Press. Used
with permission of the author.
WOMEN AND ISLAM IN NORTH AFRICA 201
From e History and Description of Africa, by Leo Africanus
(New York: Burt Franklin), pp. 158–159.
xvi DOCUMENTS
THE FIRST VIETNAM WAR 280
From Keith W. Taylor, e Birth of Vietnam (Berkeley, 1983),
p. 18.
CHAPTER 12
THE ACHIEVEMENTS OF CHARLEMAGNE 290
From Einhard, e Life of Charlemagne, translated by S. E.
Turner, pp. 50–54. Copyright © 1960 by e University of
Michigan. Translated from the Monumenta Germaniae.
OPPOSING VIEWPOINTS: TWO VIEWS OF TRADE
AND MERCHANTS 295
“Life of Saint Godric”: From Reginald of Durham, “Life of
St. Godric,” in G. G. Coulton, ed., Social Life in Britain from
the Conquest to the Reformation, (Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press, 1918), pp. 415–20. “Ibn Khaldun,
Prolegomena”: From An Arab Philosophy of History. Ed. and
trans. by Charles Issawi. New York: Darwin Press, 1987.
A MUSLIM’S DESCRIPTION OF THE RUS 302
From e Vikings, by Johannes BrØnsted, translated by Kalle
Skov (Penguin Books, 1965) copyright © Johannes BrØnsted,
1960, 1965. Reproduced by permission of Penguin Books
Ltd.
UNIVERSITY STUDENTS AND VIOLENCE AT
OXFORD 305
From e Story of Oxford by Cecil Headlam, 1907.
CHAPTER 13
A WESTERN VIEW OF THE BYZANTINE EMPIRE 318
Excerpt from Works of Liudprand of Cremona by F. A. Wright,
1930, Routledge and Kegan Paul Publishers. Reprinted by
permission of the Taylor and Francis Group.
THE ACHIEVEMENTS OF BASIL II 319
E. R. A. Sewter, trans. e Chronographia of Michael Psellus
(Yale University Press, 1953), pp. 23–27.
THE FALL OF CONSTANTINOPLE 322
From Kritovoulos, “History of Mehmed the Conqueror” trans.
Charles T. Riggs. ©1954 Princeton University Press. © renewed
1982 Princeton University Press. Reprinted by permission.
THE CREMATION OF THE STRASBOURG JEWS 324
Excerpt from e Jew in the Medieval World, by Jacob Marcus.
Copyright © 1972 by Atheneum. Reprinted with permission of
the Hebrew Union College Press.
CHAPTER 14
A CHINESE DESCRIPTION OF MALACCA 336
From Harry J. Banda and John A. Larkin, eds. e World of
Southeast Asia: Selected Historical Readings, Harper & Row,
1967.
CHAPTER 9
A PORTRAIT OF MEDIEVAL INDIA 210
“Fu-kwo-ki,” in Hiuen Tsang, Si-Yu Ki: Buddhist Records of the
Western World, translated by Samuel Beal (London: Routledge
and Kegan Paul). Used with permission.
THE EDUCATION OF A BRAHMIN 214
“Fu-kwo-ki,” in Hiuen Tsang, Si-Yu Ki: Buddhist Records of the
Western World, translated by Samuel Beal (London: Routledge
and Kegan Paul). Used with permission.
THE ISLAMIC CONQUEST OF INDIA 219
Excerpt from A History of India: From the Earliest Times to the
Present Day by Michael Edwardes (London: ames & Hudson,
1961), p. 108. Reprinted with permission.
THE KINGDOM OF ANGKOR 227
Excerpt from Chau Ju-Kua: His Work on the Chinese and Arab
Trade in the Twel h and irteenth Centuries, entitled Chu-fan-
chi, Friedrich Hirth and W. W. Rockhill, eds., copyright © 1966
by Paragon Reprint.
CHAPTER 10
OPPOSING VIEWPOINTS: ACTION OR INACTION: AN
IDEOLOGICAL DISPUTE IN MEDIEVAL CHINA 240
From Chinese Civilization and Bureaucracy, by Etienne
Balasz. Copyright © 1964 by Yale University Press. Used with
permission. Han Yu selection from W. T. de Bary and I. Bloom,
Sources of Chinese Tradition, vol. I, 2nd ed. (New York, 1999), pp.
569–573.
THE SAINTLY MISS WU 246
From e Inner Quarters: Marriage and the Lives of Chinese
Women in the Sung Period, Patricia Ebrey (Berkeley, University
of California Press, 1993), pp. 197–198.
A LETTER TO THE POPE 249
From Prawdin, Michael, e Mongol Empire: Its Rise and Legacy
(Free Press, 1961), pp. 280–281.
TWO TANG POETS 257
From Hucker, Charles O., China’s Imperial Past. Copyright © 1965
by the Board of Trustees of the Leland Stanford Junior University.
With the permission of Stanford University Press, www.sup.org.
CHAPTER 11
THE EASTERN EXPEDITION OF EMPEROR JIMMU 266
Excerpt from Sources of Japanese History, David Lu, ed. (New
York: McGraw-Hill, 1974), I, p. 7.
THE SEVENTEEN-ARTICLE CONSTITUTION 267
Excerpt from Sources of Japanese History, David Lu, ed. (New
York: McGraw-Hill, 1974), I, p. 7.
A SAMPLE OF LINKED VERSE 274
Excerpt from e Cambridge History of Japan, Vol. III, edited by
Koza Yamamura, excerpt from “A Sample of Linked Verse” by
H. Paul Verley, from p. 480. Copyright © 1990. Reprinted with
the permission of Cambridge University Press.
Documents xvii
OPPOSING VIEWPOINTS: THE CAPTURE OF PORT
HOOGLY 402
From King of the World: A Mughal manuscript from the Royal
Library, Windsor Castle, trans. by Wheeler ackston, text by
Milo Cleveland Beach and Ebba Koch (London: ames and
Hudson, 1997), p. 59.
CHAPTER 17
THE ART OF PRINTING 412
From China in the Sixteenth Century, by Matthew Ricci,
translated by Louis J. Gallagher. Copyright © 1942 and renewed
1970 by Louis J. Gallagher, S. J. Reprinted by permission of
Random House, Inc.
THE TRIBUTE SYSTEM IN ACTION 417
Reprinted by permission of the publisher from China’s
Response to the West: A Documentary Survey, 1839–1923, by
Ssu-yu Teng and John King Fairbank, pp. 24–27, Cambridge,
Mass.: Harvard University Press, copyright © 1954, 1979
by the President and Fellows of Harvard College, copyright
renewed 1982 by Ssu-yu Teng and John King Fairbank.
TOYOTOMI HIDEYOSHI EXPELS THE
MISSIONARIES 425
From Sources of Japanese Tradition by William de Bary.
Copyright © 1958 by Columbia University Press, New York.
Reprinted with permission of the publisher.
SOME CONFUCIAN COMMANDMENTS 427
From Popular Culture in Late Imperial China by David
Johnson et al. Copyright © 1985 e Regents of the
University of California. Used with permission. From
Chi Nakane and Oishi Shinsabura, Tokugawa Japan: e
Social and Economic Antecedents of Modern Japan, (Japan,
University of Tokyo, 1990), pp. 51–52. Translated by Conrad
Totman. Copyright 1992 by Columbia University Press.
CHAPTER 18
THE RIGHTS OF WOMEN 441
From First Feminists: British Women Writers, 1578–1799
by Moira Ferguson. Copyright © 1985 Indiana University
Press.
DECLARATION OF THE RIGHTS OF MAN AND THE
CITIZEN 453
From e French Revolution, edited by Paul H. Beik.
Copyright © 1971 by Paul Beik. Reprinted by permission of
HarperCollins Publishers, Inc.
NAPOLEON AND PSYCHOLOGICAL WARFARE 456
Reprinted A Documentary Survey of the French Revolution
by John Hall Stewart, ed. Copyright © 1951 by Macmillan
College Publishing Company, renewed 1979 by John Hall
Stewart.
A SLAVE MARKET IN AFRICA 349
From e Great Travelers, vol. I, Milton Rugo , ed. Copyright
© 1960 by Simon & Schuster. Used with permission of Milton
Rugo .
AN EXCHANGE OF ROYAL CORRESPONDENCE 354
From e World of Southeast Asia: Selected Historical Readings
by Harry J. Benda and John A. Larkin, eds. Copyright © 1967
by Harper & Row, Publishers.
OPPOSING VIEWPOINTS: THE MARCH OF
CIVILIZATION 356
From e Age of Reconnaissance by J. H. Parry (International
omson Publishing, 1969), p. 233–234. “Journal of Captain
James Cook” from e Fatal Impact: An Account of the Invasion
of the South Paci c: 1767–1840, ed. by Alan Moorhead (New
York: Penguin, 1966), p. 70.
CHAPTER 15
OPPOSING VIEWPOINTS: A REFORMATION DEBATE:
CONFLICT AT MARBURG 366
“ e Marburg Colloquy,” edited by Donald Ziegler, from Great
Debates of the Reformation edited by Donald Ziegler, copyright
© 1969 by Donald Ziegler. Used by permission of Modern
Library, a division of Random House, Inc.
A WITCHCRAFT TRIAL IN FRANCE 372
From Witchcra in Europe, 1100–1700: A Documentary History
by Alan Kors and Edward Peters (Philadelphia: University of
Pennsylvania Press, 1972), pp. 266–275. Used with permission
of the publisher.
THE FACE OF WAR IN THE SEVENTEENTH
CENTURY 375
Excerpt from e Adventure of Simplicius Simplissimus by Hans
Jacob Chisto el von Grimmelshausen, translated by George
Schulz-Behren, © 1993 Camden House/Boydell & Brewer,
Rochester, New York.
THE BILL OF RIGHTS 380
From e Statutes: Revised Edition (London: Eyre &
Spottiswoode, 1871), Vol. 2, pp. 10–12.
CHAPTER 16
A TURKISH DISCOURSE ON COFFEE 392
From e Balance of Truth by Katib Chelebi, translated by G. L.
Lewis, copyright 1927.
THE RELIGIOUS ZEAL OF SHAH ABBAS THE GREAT 396
From Eskander Beg Monshi in History of Shah Abbas the Great,
Vol. II by Roger M. Savory by Westview Press, 1978.
A RELIGION FIT FOR A KING 400
From Abu’l Fazl, A’in-i-Akbare, pp. ii–iv as cited in Sources of
Indian Tradition, ed. by Ainslee Embree (New York: Columbia
UP, 1988), pp. 425–427.
MAPS
MAP 1.1 e Spread of Homo sapiens sapiens 4
SPOT MAP Central Asian Civilization 7
SPOT MAP Caral, Peru 8
MAP 1.2 e Ancient Near East 9
SPOT MAP Hammurabi’s Empire 10
MAP 1.3 Ancient Egypt 15
MAP 1.4 e Israelites and eir Neighbors in the First
Millennium b.c.e. 21
MAP 1.5 e Assyrian and Persian Empires 23
MAP 2.1 Ancient Harappan Civilization 31
MAP 2.2 Writing Systems in the Ancient World 34
SPOT MAP Alexander the Great’s Movements in Asia 35
MAP 2.3 e Empire of Ashoka 46
SPOT MAP Neolithic China 54
SPOT MAP Shang China 55
MAP 3.1 China During the Period of the Warring States 65
MAP 3.2 e Qin Empire, 221–206 b.c.e. 67
MAP 4.1 Ancient Greece (c. 750–338 b.c.e.) 81
SPOT MAP Minoan Crete and Mycenaean Greece 82
SPOT MAP e Great Peloponnesian War (431–404 b.c.e.) 89
MAP 4.2 e Conquests of Alexander the Great 97
MAP 4.3 e World of the Hellenistic Kingdoms 100
MAP 5.1 Ancient Italy 106
SPOT MAP e City of Rome 107
MAP 5.2 Roman Conquests in the Mediterranean,
264–133 b.c.e. 110
MAP 5.3 e Roman Empire from Augustus to Trajan
(14–117) 114
SPOT MAP Location of the “New Rome” 119
MAP 5.4 Trade Routes of the Ancient World 125
MAP 5.5 e Han Empire 126
MAP 6.1 Early Mesoamerica 136
MAP 6.2 e Maya Heartland 141
MAP 6.3 e Valley of Mexico Under Aztec Rule 142
MAP 6.4 Early Peoples and Cultures of Central and South
America 146
MAP 6.5 e Inkan Empire About 1500 c.e. 149
MAP 6.6 Early Peoples and Cultures of North America 152
MAP 7.1 e Middle East in the Time of Muhammad 159
MAP 7.2 e Expansion of Islam 163
MAP 7.3 e Abbasid Caliphate at the Height of Its Power 165
MAP 7.4 e Turkish Occupation of Anatolia 167
SPOT MAP Spain in the Eleventh Century 170
MAP 8.1 Ancient Africa 185
MAP 8.2 Ancient Ethiopia and Nubia 186
SPOT MAP e Spread of Islam in Africa 191
SPOT MAP e Swahili Coast 193
MAP 8.3 Trans-Saharan Trade Routes 195
MAP 8.4 e Emergence of States in Africa 197
MAP 9.1 e Kushan Kingdom and the Silk Road 209
MAP 9.2 e Gupta Empire 211
MAP 9.3 e Spread of Religions in Southern and Eastern
Asia, 600–1900 c.e. 213
MAP 9.4 India, 1000–1200 216
MAP 9.5 e Empire of Tamerlane 218
MAP 9.6 Southeast Asia in the irteenth Century 226
MAP 10.1 China Under the Tang 238
SPOT MAP Chang’an Under the Sui and the Tang 239
SPOT MAP e Mongol Conquest of China 248
MAP 10.2 Asia Under the Mongols 250
SPOT MAP Khanbaliq (Beijing) Under the Mongols 252
SPOT MAP Early Vietnam 263
MAP 11.1 Early Japan 263
MAP 11.2 Japan’s Relations with China and Korea 265
SPOT MAP e Yamato Plain 267
SPOT MAP Korea’s ree Kingdoms 277
SPOT MAP e Kingdom of Dai Viet, 1100 280
MAP 12.1 e Germanic Kingdoms of the Old Western
Empire 288
SPOT MAP Charlemagne’s Empire 289
MAP 12.2 Europe in the High Middle Ages 300
MAP 12.3 e Migrations of the Slavs 301
SPOT MAP e Byzantine Empire in the Time of Justinian 312
SPOT MAP e Byzantine Empire, c. 750 314
SPOT MAP e Byzantine Empire, 1025 317
SPOT MAP e Strait of Malacca 335
MAP 14.1 e Songhai Empire 337
SPOT MAP e Spice Islands 339
MAP 14.2 European Voyages and Possessions in the Sixteenth
and Seventeenth Centuries 340
SPOT MAP e Arrival of Hernán Cortés in Mexico 341
SPOT MAP Cape Horn and the Strait of Magellan 343
xviii
Maps xix
MAP 14.3 European Possessions in the West Indies 345
MAP 14.4 e Slave Trade 347
MAP 14.5 e Pattern of World Trade from the Sixteenth to
the Eighteenth Centuries 357
MAP 15.1 Europe in the Seventeenth Century 374
MAP 16.1 e Ottoman Empire 389
MAP 16.2 e Ottoman and Safavid Empires, c. 1683 395
MAP 16.3 e Mughal Empire 398
MAP 16.4 India in 1805 404
MAP 17.1 China and Its Enemies During the Late Ming
Era 413
MAP 17.2 e Qing Empire in the Eighteenth Century 416
SPOT MAP Canton in the Eighteenth Century 417
SPOT MAP Beijing Under the Ming and the Manchus,
1400–1911 421
MAP 17.3 Tokugawa Japan 422
SPOT MAP Nagasaki and Hirado Island 424
MAP 18.1 Latin America in the Eighteenth Century 444
MAP 18.2 Europe in 1763 449
SPOT MAP Revolt in Saint-Domingue 454
MAP 18.3 Napoleon’s Grand Empire 458