Cooper L.N., Feldman D. (Eds.) BCS: 50 Years
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October 7, 2010 10:48 World Scientific Review Volume - 9.75in x 6.5in bkindex
Index 571
383–385, 412, 423, 432, 444, 448,
454–456, 458, 460, 461, 463, 465, 477,
478, 481, 482, 487, 491, 497, 498, 500,
502, 507, 510, 512, 514, 516, 525, 529,
530, 538, 541, 544, 549, 556, 557
entropy, 63, 64, 136, 197, 199, 200, 211,
214, 285, 288, 505
ergodic behavior, 232–234
excited pair states, 10, 14, 77, 86, 549
Fermi liquid, 7, 98, 134, 337, 342, 351,
355, 440, 441, 446, 447, 450–452, 456,
459, 462, 463, 466, 478, 503
Fermi-liquid interactions, 351, 352, 355
Feshbach resonance, 10, 495–497, 503,
506, 520
FFLO state, 230, 337, 339, 342, 350,
352–362, 364, 365, 367, 421, 497, 503,
546
field-induced superconducting state, 360
filled skutterudite, 230, 249
finite-q pairing, 348
first-order transition, 292, 347, 348, 350,
359, 367, 479, 542
fishtail, 284, 291
fluctuations, 38, 48, 51, 88, 89, 139, 147,
162, 168, 174, 185, 192, 194, 197, 198,
202, 203, 205–207, 210, 212–214, 216,
218, 221, 222, 243, 255–263, 267, 269,
277, 281–283, 285, 286, 293, 298, 299,
301, 302, 305, 310, 312, 315, 321, 323,
355, 368, 382, 424, 432, 434, 439, 445,
446, 449–452, 454–456, 459, 460,
462–465, 479, 484, 530, 564
flux quantization, see flux quantum
flux quantum, 146, 148, 150, 151, 154,
279, 513, 516
flux transformer, 159, 160, 175
flux-locked loop, 154, 155, 157, 169
Fraunhofer, 151
free energy, 45, 46, 117, 120, 186–191, 195,
196, 198–200, 204, 286, 295, 300, 310,
343, 351, 353, 368, 484
frequency-domain multiplexer, 168, 169
FRG, see functional renormalization group
Fulde–Ferrell–Larkin–Ovchinnikov state,
see FFLO state
functional renormalization group,
311–316, 320, 321, 325, 327, 329
galaxy cluster, 145, 166–169
galvanometer, 145, 149, 151
gap, see energy gap
gapless superconductivity, 228
gauge invariance, see gauge symmetry
gauge symmetry, 7, 15, 17, 18, 127, 186,
190, 322, 341, 528, 529, 541, 544, 551,
561–563, 566–568
general gap, 17
geophysical exploration, 166
Ginzburg fluctuation regime, 203
Ginzburg–Landau functional, see
Ginzburg–Landau theory
Ginzburg–Landau theory, 45, 195, 196,
202, 278, 505, 530, 532
glitches, 103, 514–516
Goldstone boson, see Nambu–Goldstone
mode
Goldstone mode, see Nambu–Goldstone
mode
Gor’kov equations, 120, 124
gradiometer, 145, 159, 160, 164–166, 176,
177, 180
Gravity Probe B, 166
gravity wave detectors, 166
3
He, 51, 80, 134, 135, 473–482, 484–486,
489, 490, 509
3
He-A, 485
3
He-B, 489
4
He, 69, 135, 191, 201, 256, 473, 474, 476,
491, 492, 509, 518
heavy fermion compounds, see
heavy-fermion systems
heavy-fermion superconductor, see
heavy-fermion systems
heavy-fermion systems, 337, 339, 356, 357,
423, 450, 462
HEMT, see high electron mobility
transistor
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572 Index
high electron mobility transistor, 172, 173
high-T
c
SQUID, 164, 179
high-temperature superconductivity, 436,
439, 440, 445
homogeneous broadening, 174, 175
HTSC, see high-temperature
superconductivity
imbalance, 153, 209, 337–346, 350, 367,
368, 496, 497, 499–501, 507, 546
impurities, 118, 122, 128, 204, 221,
227–230, 236, 240, 241, 246, 256, 257,
265, 280, 282, 303, 308, 339, 494
inhomogeneous broadening, 175
inhomogeneous superconductors, 226, 351
inverse melting, 292
iron-chalcogenide superconductors, 411
iron-pnictide superconductors, 392, 394,
411
J-coupling, see Josephson coupling
Jaccarino–Peter effect, 230, 240, 360
Jaccarino–Peter mechanism, see
Jaccarino–Peter effect
Josephson coupling, 161, 176, 179, 207,
219, 302
Josephson effect, 147, 283, 535
Josephson tunnel junctions, 145, 158
Josephson tunneling, 145, 146
Knight shift, 38, 63, 128, 230
Kondo effect, 227, 229, 236, 241, 242, 245,
420
Kosterlitz–Thouless transition, 185, 200,
201, 213, 257, 259
Larkin length, 287, 305, 306, 313, 315, 316
Larkin model, 306, 307, 309, 310, 318
Larkin–Ovchinnikov theory, 204, 205,
304–306, 310, 337
layered superconductor, 302, 356, 413
Lindemann criterion, 285, 289, 293, 296,
298
linearized selfconsistency equation, 349
localization, 257, 258, 267, 273, 294, 324,
325, 427, 494, 505
LOFF state, see FFLO state
London theory, 296, 298, 301, 528
lower critical field, 203
lowest Landau level approximation, 299
magnetic coherence length, 365
magnetic field, 38, 48–50, 61–64, 67,
70–73, 75, 79, 117, 148, 151, 152,
157–160, 166, 170, 174–177, 185, 186,
189, 198, 199, 203, 204, 206, 218, 222,
228, 229, 236–238, 240, 255–259, 262,
265, 266, 268, 269, 271, 299, 317, 338,
339, 353, 356, 358–360, 365, 426, 434,
473, 479, 480, 483, 484, 486–488,
495–497, 513, 516, 520, 528, 555–557,
561, 562, 565
magnetic quantum oscillations, 361
magnetic-torque signal, 364
magnetocardiography, 145, 165
magnetoencephalography, 145, 165, 180
magnetotellurics, 158
magnus force, 199, 202–204, 206
Maki parameter, 229, 241, 356, 357
Matsubara frequencies, 210, 349
McCumber–Halperin formula, 197
MCG, see magnetocardiography
mean-field approximation, see mean-field
theory
mean-field Hamiltonian, see mean-field
theory
mean-field theory, 202, 203, 258, 260,
277–279, 281, 283, 284, 300, 310, 311,
322, 342, 344, 355, 446, 448, 457, 458,
460, 462, 463, 465, 466
mechanism, 18, 45, 50, 51, 111, 127, 128,
133, 134, 136, 139, 140, 191, 202, 222,
234, 256, 283, 360, 376, 378, 387, 427,
430, 432, 433, 441, 450, 454, 458, 461,
463, 464, 496, 515, 529–531, 537, 545,
562
MEG, see magnetoencephalography
Meissner effect, 7, 9, 15–17, 35, 40, 50, 52,
60, 325, 396, 397, 399, 422, 431, 497,
511, 513, 518, 528, 530, 538, 562
metastability, 38, 48, 313, 346
metastable state, see metastability
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Index 573
microstrip SQUID amplifier, 172–174
modulation vector, 348–350, 352
moment of inertia, 510, 511, 514
Mott insulating state, 221
moving glass, 327
MSA, see microstrip SQUID amplifier
Nambu–Goldstone mode, 128, 565
Nambu–Jona-Lasinio model, 532
nanowire, 215, 216
neutron, 103, 132, 170, 246, 250, 286, 288,
294, 317, 358, 418, 419, 450, 453, 459,
460, 509–516, 526, 531
neutron diffraction, 294, 317, 358
neutron drip, 511
neutron star, 509, 511–516, 545
NJL model, see Nambu–Jona-Lasinio
model
NMR, see nuclear magnetic resonance
noise energy, 161–164, 180
noise temperature, 172, 173
nonergodic behavior, 232, 233
nuclear magnetic resonance, 57, 59, 61,
62, 68, 70–73, 78–81, 145, 166, 174–176,
179, 359, 414, 450, 473, 482, 487–489,
nuclear matter, 92, 102, 135, 337, 367,
511, 512, 542, 544, 545
nuclei, 60, 62–64, 66, 71, 75, 102, 105,
170, 509–511, 515
optical lattice, 221, 505
optimal modulation vector, 349
orbital critical field, 356, 359, 363
orbital pair breaking, 339, 356
order parameter, 18, 46, 107, 113, 117,
123, 185, 186, 190–192, 196–198, 201,
206, 228, 231, 234, 235, 238, 247–251,
258, 261, 262, 268, 278, 281, 283, 286,
329, 339–343, 347–353, 355, 358, 359,
367, 441, 450, 455, 458, 476, 488, 517,
530, 540, 562
pair breaking, 227–229, 232–234, 241, 244,
245, 248, 249, 251, 262, 339, 356
pair breaking parameter, 233–239
pair size, 9, 491, 495, 497, 502, 507
pair weakening, 227, 232, 233, 243, 244,
248
pairing amplitude, 341
paramagnetic impurities, 122, 236, 241
Pauli limit, 361, 364, 365
penetration depth, 15, 16, 49, 121, 122,
189, 198, 202, 203, 236, 238
persistent currents, 38, 123, 292
phase diagram, 216, 256, 265, 269, 270,
278, 279, 283, 284, 288–290, 292–294,
318, 329, 338, 349–351, 353, 355,
357–365, 416, 424, 425, 440, 441, 443,
445, 446, 448–450, 456, 457, 460, 463,
464, 479, 480, 484, 497–499, 500, 503,
504, 507, 517, 519, 520
phase slip, 185, 195, 196, 207, 208, 210,
211, 215, 217, 220
phase transition, 29, 46, 191, 207, 210,
212, 213, 217, 221, 240, 256, 257, 260,
262, 267, 284, 357, 358, 360, 362, 364,
367, 434, 455, 494, 497, 499, 500, 503,
505, 506, 542
phonon, 8, 35, 37, 38, 96, 98, 99, 101,
110–112, 115, 124, 130–132, 140, 284,
362, 363, 375, 378, 380–383, 385–387,
394, 432
pinning, 185, 204–206, 222, 266, 277–284,
286–288, 293, 295, 301–306, 308–314,
318, 321, 323, 326, 327, 402, 510, 515,
516
plane-wave states, 351
plasma, 15, 87–89, 91, 92, 96–99, 195, 200,
293, 302, 517, 520, 525, 527, 528, 530
plasma frequency, 195
point-group symmetry, 351
polarized Fermi system, 337
polaron, 95, 96, 503, 508
population imbalance, 337, 340–342, 368,
496, 497, 499, 501
pre-exponential factor, 196, 199
Primakoff conversion, 170
prostate tissue, 178
proton, 176–179, 510–514, 526, 531
quantum critical point, 258, 259, 263, 269,
423, 459, 462–464
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574 Index
quantum Hall effect, 191, 223
quantum resistance, 209, 259, 269, 270
quark, 337, 338, 340, 367, 509, 512,
515–518, 520, 526, 531, 532, 537, 539,
541–545, 565
quark matter, 509, 515–518, 521
quark–gluon plasma, 517
quasi-long range order, 314, 315, 318, 329
quasi-translational order, see quasi-long
range order
quasiclassical approximation, 351, 352
quasiclassical theory, see quasiclassical
approximation
quasiparticle, 213, 220, 221, 238, 239, 260,
340–342, 345, 347, 349, 351, 353, 355,
367, 451, 455, 456, 458, 461, 475, 482,
487, 507, 529, 552
qubits, 166
reentrance, see reentrant behavior
reentrant behavior, 230, 244, 245, 292, 365
renormalization, 3, 136, 140, 201, 211,
258, 260, 287, 290, 302, 311, 355, 381,
451, 475, 517, 525
replica symmetry breaking, 310, 311
resistance, 94, 149–152, 157, 161, 168,
185, 186, 190–194, 197, 199, 202–204,
205, 211–213, 215–219, 222, 259–261,
263–271, 289, 294, 322, 361, 430, 562,
563
RF spectroscopy, 491, 493, 501, 502, 507
rf SQUID, 155, 156, 162–164
rock magnetometer, 166
room temperature superconductivity, 428
RSB, see replica symmetry breaking
RSJ model, 193, 195
s-pairing, 346, 347, 350, 353
s-wave order parameter, see s-pairing
s-wave superconductor, see s-pairing
scaling, 203, 217, 262–265, 267–269, 288,
294, 295, 316, 323, 324, 327, 384, 451,
463
scanning SQUID microscope, 166
Schafroth, Butler and Blatt theory, 9
screening, 88, 89, 97, 98, 127, 131–134,
136, 140, 173, 179, 199, 258, 267, 268,
280, 292, 295, 323, 432, 512, 527, 537
second magnetization peak, 290
second order transition, 29
selfenergy, 351
shunt conductance, see shunt resistance
shunt resistance, 161, 193, 194, 211, 212
single particle excitations, 7, 501
skin depth, 203, 220
SLUG, 145, 151–153, 166
South Pole Telescope, 169
specific heat, 7, 86, 97, 122, 136, 248, 283,
284, 290, 300, 301, 329, 357, 362, 363,
414, 421, 422, 425, 426, 448, 454, 474,
479
splay glass, 294, 323, 325
spontaneous symmetry breaking, see
symmetry breaking
SPT, see South Pole Telescope
square washer SQUID, 159
SQUID, 145, 146, 148–151, 153–169, 172,
173, 175–177, 179, 180, 182, 552
SSB, see symmetry breaking
standard model, 526, 530, 541, 544, 560
stiffness, 200, 204, 205, 214, 269, 359
strong interaction, 516, 526, 527
strongly correlated electrons, 347, 433
Sunyaev–Zel’dovich effect, 167
superconductor-insulator transition, 214,
217, 255, 266
supercooling field, 346, 349, 350
supercurrent, 43, 146, 147, 149, 159,
189–194, 198, 199, 202, 208, 209, 220,
229, 237
superfluid, see superfluidity
superfluidity, 38, 51, 54, 80, 85, 102, 103,
109–111, 135, 185, 200, 201, 213, 214,
218, 220, 259, 269, 337–340, 345, 351,
355, 367, 449, 473, 474, 476, 478–482,
484–487, 489–494, 496–503, 505–509,
511–516, 518–521, 537, 540, 542, 544,
546, 559
superheating field, 348, 350
superlattices, 356, 365–367, 395
symmetry breaking, 18, 186, 228, 231,
233, 310, 468, 509, 525, 529–532, 535,
October 7, 2010 10:48 World Scientific Review Volume - 9.75in x 6.5in bkindex
Index 575
536, 541, 546, 561–565, 567, 568
SZE, see Sunyaev–Zel’dovich effect
TDGL, see time-dependent
Ginzburg–Landau theory
TEM, see transient electromagnetic
TES, see transition-edge sensor
thermal activation, 185, 191, 192, 195,
282, 319
thermal conductivity, 38, 123, 230, 360
time-dependent Ginzburg–Landau theory,
196, 197, 202
time-reversal symmetry, 230, 231, 233,
237, 251, 341, 457
topological order, 287, 288, 294, 318, 319,
327, 329
transient electromagnetic, 166, 326
transition temperature, 16, 44, 48, 49, 52,
69, 93, 100, 119, 122, 202, 227, 229, 232,
233, 241, 244, 245, 249, 258, 260, 349,
377, 380–382, 384, 391, 439, 442, 492,
493, 505, 509, 513, 519, 520, 538
transition-edge sensor, 167–170
translational symmetry, 337, 340, 458,
459, 468
transport-like equations, 352
tricritical point, 289, 292, 349, 350, 497,
500, 503
trilayer function, 365
trilayer junction, 159
tumors, 165
tunneling, 38, 123, 132, 133, 146, 149,
153, 185, 191–194, 208, 209, 211–213,
224, 228, 235, 239, 260, 262, 269, 367,
384, 445, 453, 502
two fluid model, 18, 38, 75
two-phase regime, 271, 346, 347, 350
Type I superconductor, 516
Type II superconductor, 121, 511, 513,
516
ultracold atoms, see ultracold gases
ultracold gases, 191, 221, 256, 491, 493,
494, 503, 505, 506, 508, 520
ultrasound, 57, 78, 79
ultrathin films, 255, 258, 268
unconventional superconductors, 140, 352,
427, 467
unitarity, 493, 494, 498, 502, 503, 505,
507, 508, 514, 519
UPd
2
Al
3
, 230, 250, 424, 426
upper critical field, 206, 339, 358
variational method, 310, 311, 314–316,
325, 446
very high temperature superconductivity,
392, 428
voltage noise, 156, 161, 162
voltmeter, 149–153, 166
vortex, 185, 187–189, 191, 195, 199–206,
218–220, 222, 266, 267, 277–288, 290,
292–298, 300–307, 309, 311, 314–319,
321–330, 332, 339, 359, 496, 513, 515,
547
vortex glass, 286, 322
vortex lattice, see Abrikosov lattice
vortex matter, 218, 282
vortex phase, see vortex matter
washboard potential, 193, 208
weak interactions, 545, 567
weak links, 191
Weakly Interacting Massive Particle
(WIMP), 170
winding number, 186–188, 191
YBCO, 282, 284, 288–290, 293, 295, 326,
329, 396, 398, 400–402, 404, 412, 429,
431, 443, 453
Zeeman effect, 63, 227, 229
BCS:
50 Years
The BCS theory of superconductivity developed in 1957 by
Bardeen,
Cooper and Schrieffer has been remarkably successful
in explaining the properties of superconductors. In addition,
concepts from BCS have been incorporated into diverse fields
of physics, from nuclear physics and dense quark matter to the
current standard model. Practical applications include SQUIDs,
magnetic resonance imaging, superconducting electronics and the
transmission of electricity. This invaluable book is a compilation of
both a historical account and a discussion of the current state of
theory and experiment.
With contributions from many prominent scientists, it aims to
introduce students and researchers to the origins, the impact and
the current state of the BCS theory.
The cover image was created by
Richard Fishman andXiangjun
Shi.
World Scientific
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ISBN-13 978-981 -4304-65-8 (pbk) I
ISBN-10 981-4304-65-4(pbk)