тальность при ХОБЛ сопоставима со многими онкологи-
ческими заболеваниями [35].
На практике трудно определить, когда рутинное ле-
чение и уход становятся паллиативными [36]. Неуверен-
ность среди врачей первичного звена относительно то-
го, как пациент отнесется к обсуждению прогноза, и не-
адекватная подготовленность врачей могут возводить
барьеры для общения [37].
Основная нагрузка по лечению и профессиональному
уходу за пациентами в терминальных стадиях ХОБЛ ло-
жится на первичное звено медицинской помощи. Необхо-
димо дальнейшее обучение с целью более полного внед-
рения принципов паллиативного лечения и ухода [38].
Дискуссии об окончании жизненного пути следует
проводить с пациентами во время их стабильного состо-
яния. Надо выяснять пожелания больных относительно
применения мероприятий, поддерживающих жизненные
функции организма, включая искусственную вентиляцию
легких (см. раздел «Вопросы этики и паллиативной по-
мощи»).
Сложной задачей является долгосрочное наблюде-
ние пациентов, которые, вероятно, станут прикованны-
ми к дому. Средний медперсонал, специально обучен-
ный в области респираторной медицины, может играть
важную роль в координации лечения и ухода за больны-
ми в терминальных стадиях ХОБЛ [39].
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Стандарты по диагностике и лечению больных ХОБЛ