Chris Young. Garden Design
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Interpreting the style
A family garden is about sharing your space. The dining area is
the social hub around which the design revolves, and can be
created with a paved or decked terrace that links into a lawn or
into more structured play areas with integrated or temporary
play equipment. Swimming pools or natural ponds make
reflective centerpieces for gardens where older children play.
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VERSATILE SPACE
A large-scale chessboard is both a design feature and
a challenging family game, making the most of a quiet
retreat surrounded by textured foliage planting.
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SAFE PLAY AREA
This built-in sandbox is close enough to the house to be
monitored, but planting creates the illusion of another
world. A cover will provide protection from the weather.
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STAR ATTRACTION
Central to the design of this contemporary garden, the
turquoise pool is both functional and decorative. Safety
covers or security fences may be introduced if necessary.
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SECRET HIDEAWAY
In a secret corner of this densely planted garden, a den of
willow and brushwood becomes the focus of adventure
and discovery, providing an escape from the adult world.
CHOOSING A STYLE
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COLORFUL ENTERTAINING
This vibrant area is part of a modern
design, and combines cooking, dining,
and relaxation, offering a fun area
where the whole family can decamp
to escape the confines of the house.
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TREE-TOP RETREAT
A tree house takes pride of place here,
acting as both a retreat for children
and a decorative focal point. It also
offers a hideaway for adults when
the children are in bed.
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ADVENTURE PLAYGROUND
A play house that can only be accessed via a footbridge—
fun for kids, but perhaps too precarious for adults—
allows children to escape, and control who visits.
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WILDLIFE HAVEN
This large reflective pond and the reed margins provide a
range of wildlife habitats that can be observed from the
various vantage points located around the banks.
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FAMILY FUN
As well as exercise, a trampoline offers a perfect
outlet for letting off steam, which is beneficial for both
children and adults alike.
“Helping to bring families
closer together is perhaps the
garden’s most important role
”
INTERPRETING FAMILY STYLE
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FAMILY GARDENS TO VISIT
ALNWICK GARDEN, Northumberland, UK
Created with children in mind, with water
features and a gigantic tree house.
www.alnwickgarden.com
CAMLEY STREET NATURAL PARK,
London, UK
Ponds and meadows, and hands-on activities.
www.wildlondon.org.uk
CAMDEN CHILDREN’S GARDEN, Camden,
New Jersey, US
Four-acre interactive garden for families.
www.camdenchildrensgarden.org
MILLENNIUM PARK, Chicago, US
Offers a program of interactive family events
and workshops.
www.millenniumpark.org
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Family garden plans
CHOOSING A STYLE
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Integrating functional spaces for different age groups is the challenge in family gardens.
These gardens—the first designed by Ian Kitson, with planting by Julie Toll, and the
second designed by Claire Mee—take contrasting, but equally successful, approaches
to the family garden brief. Ian’s curved, informal layout blurs the line between adults’
and children’s areas, while Claire’s follows formal lines with a more discreet spot for play.
GENTLY ROLLING
In this London family garden, Ian Kitson has created a spacious lawn
where the children can play, while the terrace provides a place for family
dining and social occasions. The two areas are divided by a snaking
dry-stone and log wall, and by soft planting, designed by Julie Toll.
KEY INGREDIENTS
1 Acer palmatum ‘Sango-kaku’
2 Geranium ‘Jolly B ee’
3 Echinacea purpurea
4 Crataegus monogyna
5 Dry-stone walling
6 Lavandula angustifolia
7 Calamagrostis x acutiflora
‘Karl Foerster’
8 Brunnera macrophylla ‘Jack Fros t’
IAN SAYS:
“Julie and I call this the “chutes and
ladders” garden—the layout is curvilinear,
but the detailing is sharp and precise. The
garden previously featured a sudden drop
in level, but the retaining walls, steps, and
planting have softened this.”
“Lighting is included within the steps
and between the logs in the curving
dry-stone and log walls, which give the
garden an organic quality.”
“The terrace is used for outdoor dining,
and there’s room on the lawn for games. I
like the way the grass oozes around the
wall, and the fact that it’s transformed
into a carpet of daffodils in spring.”
Dry-stone
walling
New-sawn
Yorkstone
coping
Yorkstone paving
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FAMILY GARDEN PLANS
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CORNER PIECE
The sophisticated look of this family garden by Claire Mee
was achieved with an elegant decked terrace for dining, while
the pergola at the end of the plot gives the children a play
area, complete with swing. The spaces are divided by a grove
of olive trees, which offer privacy and add height. The tree
canopies have been lifted to leave clear stems that create
dramatic shadows; light also reflects on the silvery foliage.
KEY INGREDIENTS
1 Olea europaea
2 Buxus sempervirens ‘Latifolia Maculata’
3 Allium hollandicum ‘Purple Sensation’
4 Sisyrinchium striatum
5 Bark chippings
6 Origanum vulgare ‘Aureum’
CLAIRE SAYS:
“This urban garden occupies a corner plot,
so it’s an unusual shape. My ideas for the
design were developed from the house’s
architecture, and from the interior design
and decor. I’m often influenced by the
interiors of hotels, restaurants, and bars,
which use different materials so well.”
“Wide windows look down the length
of the garden, and we used clear-stemmed
olives to provide privacy without blocking
this view. Elsewhere, I like the contrast
between the softer planting and the
architectural specimens. The client also
wanted a terrace outside the French doors
to match the floor-level in the house, and I
designed a large timber deck to make this
link (legally, a paved surface would have
to be lower to avoid the damp course).”
Ipe hardwood
pergola
Teak benchBlack limestone
paving
Ipe hardwood
decking
Polystone (fiberglass
and resin composite)
planters
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SUSTAINABILITY HAS BECOME the
buzzword of the 21st century, as people
respond positively to the problem of the
world’s dwindling resources. As a result, the
sustainable garden is more a life philosophy
than a style—centered around recycling and
using renewable resources, accommodating
biodiversity and conservation, and adopting
an organic approach to gardening.
The New Perennial Movement, which
combines flowering perennials and grasses,
increased interest in naturalistic gardening
styles when it was introduced in the late 20th
century, while Dutch and German research
into sustainable plant communities has also
been influential in this area.
There is a popular idea that sustainable
gardens are rustic in character, but this need
not be the case. Many sharp and elegant designs
include renewable
materials, such as
timber from certified
plantations, and
sophisticated planting
designs. Local
materials are used
where possible,
reducing the garden’s carbon footprint, and
creating a greater sense of regional identity.
Pests and diseases are kept at bay through
natural controls and balanced ecosystems,
rather than chemical fertilizers and pesticides,
and habitats that support local species and help
to increase biodiversity are woven into designs.
However, this does not mean that gardens only
include native species; exotic plants that attract
beneficial insects and wildlife are also
appropriate, as long as they are not invasive.
Extensive planting of prairie and meadow
species is often used in larger gardens, typified
in the US by the designs of the late Jens Jensen
and Ed Bye. Wilder areas can be planted in
smaller sustainable gardens, too, with the aim
of providing a range of different habitats within
a limited space, without creating an overly
complex design solution.
Sustainable gardens
A sympathetically designed swimming pond will attract wildlife.
Recycled materials create key
features in this modern design.
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What is sustainable style?
CHOOSING A STYLE
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A sustainable garden should be capable of working as an
effective ecosystem, with reduced or minimal levels of intervention.
It is this approach that sets it apart from a traditional garden.
Ecological principles play an essential role in creating
habitats in which planting neighbors thrive, competition
between them is balanced, and species are closely matched
to the prevailing soil and climatic conditions.
SUSTAINABLE GARDENS IN DETAIL
The materials used in a sustainable garden need to be assessed against
a series of criteria. Recycled products are a good idea as they reduce
the exploitation of new resources, but sometimes they have a high
carbon trail, whereas sourcing new timber from managed,
renewable, and, preferably, local plantations may be a better option.
Other factors to consider include the permeability or drainage of
hard-landscaped surfaces. These should be either porous, in order
to top up groundwater, or designed to allow water to run off into a
collection unit, thereby reducing the strain on supplies.
In a sustainable garden, planting is key, and a healthy variety of
wildlife habitats essential. Choose plants that thrive in the prevailing
conditions and complement each other, which in turn will help to
reduce the incidence of pests and diseases, although other forms of
biological control may also be needed. Soil improvers should come
from your own compost heap and organic manures.
GREEN ROOFS
Green roof systems manage rainwater
run-off and provide insulation. Convert
existing roofs using pre-planted sedum
mats. New structures can accommodate
more elaborate habitats.
ENCOURAGING WILDLIFE
Increased diversity is achieved by
creating effective habitats for wildlife.
The more habitats there are, such as old
logs, bee hotels, and insect-friendly
planting, the greater the diversity.
KEY DESIGN ELEMENTS
DESIGN INFLUENCES
The change from purely ornamental planting to the creation of successful
plant communities started when William Robinson (1838–1935) advocated
the integration of native and exotic species, which he called “wilderness
planting”. The development of American prairie planting, championed by
Jens Jensen in the 1920s and ’30s, responded to Robinson’s ideas, and
was later taken up in Europe by the New Perennial Movement. Large drifts
of grasses and perennials, like those seen in the schemes of Rosemary
Weisse in Munich, are typical of this approach. In the UK, the Department
of Landscape Architecture at the University of Sheffield has produced
significant research into sustainable prairie and meadow planting.
Rosemary Weisse’s garden at Westpark in Munich.
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WHAT IS SUSTAINABLE STYLE?
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RAINWATER HARVESTING
However small, water barrels are
an excellent way to catch and store
rainwater. If you need something with
a larger capacity, underground storage
and pump mechanisms are available.
RUSTIC GARDEN FURNITURE
Wherever possible, support your local
economy by commissioning a craftsman
close to home to make your furniture. All
products should be made from responsibly
sourced, natural materials.
RECYCLING FEATURES
The recycling of organic waste through
composting is vital. Several compost bins
may be required in order to maintain and
rotate supply. Think carefully about their
location, as they need regular access.
NATURALISTIC PONDS
Wildlife ponds with sloping sides that
allow easy access, and margins planted to
provide cover, offer a natural habitat for
aquatic creatures, as well as birds and
insects, such as dragonflies.
Eco-friendly building with
an insulating green roof
Wildlife pool attracts insects,
birds, and small mammals
HARMONIOUS DESIGN
The gravel path that
weaves through Stephen
Hall’s garden and around
the pond allows visitors
to enjoy the different
plants and features at
close hand, and integrates
perfectly into this
naturalistic setting.
Nectar-rich planting attracts
beneficial insects
Gravel, pebbles, and boulders
suit the natural style
Wildlife haven
Designed as a show garden for the RHS Chelsea Flower Show in
England, this sustainable garden by Stephen Hall (left) shows how
precious resources, such as water and wildlife, can be supported and
protected. The garden includes a range of diverse habitats, including
a pile of decaying logs and tree stumps to provide homes for rare
beetles, small mammals, and overwintering amphibians, such as
frogs and toads. The traditional-style building is built entirely
from sustainably-sourced cedar, and features a mounded green
sedum roof. Research shows that green roofs help to insulate
buildings and keep them cool when temperatures rise, reducing
the need for heating and air-conditioning. They also attract
beneficial insects when in flower.
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Interpreting the style
A sustainable garden can follow a formal layout, but most are
informal, with relaxed planting drifts and apparently random
mixes of grasses and perennials, indigenous trees, and shrubs.
You can then organize these into habitats, such as wetland,
meadow, or woodland, and use recycled materials, sourced
locally or from renewable plantations, and permeable paving.
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DESERT OASIS
American designer Steve Martino produces
elegant and modernistic gardens in the
Arizona desert, using billowing natives
and drought-tolerant species, interspersed
with key plants such as Agave.
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BIRD HAVEN
Feeders and bird tables will help attract
wildlife, especially during harsh winters
when food sources may be scarce.
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IDEAL MATCH
For a successful meadow, it is essential to
match planting to the environment. Here,
the elegant nodding heads of Fritillaria
meleagris suggest damp conditions.
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SLEEK COMBINATION
Diffused mixes of meadow or prairie
perennials and grasses provide a perfect
foil to sharply detailed contemporary
architecture, existing happily side by side.
CHOOSING A STYLE
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WATERSIDE PLANTING
Pond margins provide one of the richest garden habitats,
bringing together aquatic, marginal, moisture-loving, and
dry planting designs. Keep planting groups large and
associations simple for the best results.
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LASTING INTEREST
Sown prairie planting mixes, typically combining
Echinacea and Rudbeckia with grasses such as Panicum,
provide an effective display and long season of interest.
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SAFE HABITAT
A simple timber structure provides dry storage for logs,
an important habitat for over-wintering insects.
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MIXED SPECIES
Allowing native plants to colonize among meadow
grasses aids the conservation of species endangered
through urban development or intensive farming.
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GARDENS TO VISIT
THE BETH CHATTO GARDENS,
Essex, UK
Gardens developed on ecological principles.
www.bethchatto.co.uk
LONDON WETLAND CENTRE, London, UK
A network of ponds and interactive features.
www.wwt.org.uk
WEIHENSTEPHAN UNIVERSITY
GARDEN, Freising, Germany
Where the New Perennial Movement began.
www.weihenstephan.de
BOTANICAL GARDENS, University of
Göettingen, Germany
Ecological and habitat-based gardens.
www.altgart.uni-goettingen.de
WESTPARK, Munich, Germany
This public park includes the herbaceous drift
and steppe planting of Rosemary Weisse.
www.muenche.de
“Gardens play a critical
part in conservation”
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