Burt A. The Evolution of the British Empire and Commonwealth From the American Revolution

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INDEX

935

Fiji

Islands,

annexation, 452,

534

Finance,

colonial

problem,

62-64

Fisher,

Andrew,

Australian

prime

minis-

ter,

594-595

Fisheries,

North

America,

Fitzwilliam,

William

Wentworth,

Lord,

lord

lieutenant

Ireland,

113-114

Flying

shuttle,

Foch,

Marshal

Ferdinand,

705,

706,

707

Foggia

airfield,

Italy,

871

Foundation

Act

(South

Australia

Act),

1834,300

Four

Power

Treaty,

1921,

747

Fox,

Charles

James, Whig

leader, 7,

10,

70,

72-73

Fox-North

ministry, peace

treaty negoti-

ations, 45-46,

47-48

"Fox's

Martyrs,"

France,

13,

17;

relations

during

Ameri-

can

Revolution, 26,

32-34, 40;

con-

stant

threat,

44,

50,

96,

101;

impact

French

Revolution,

69-79;

Long

French

War,

83-93,

132-152;

navy

strength,

86;

peace

treaty

1815,

93-94;

India,

120, 121,

123

61.,

126;

Louisiana

Purchase,

136;

in the

West

Indies, 142-144,

145,

147;

effect

July

revolution,

1830,

179-

180;

commercial

treaty

with

Britain,

344;

in Near

East, 346-347,

348;

Africa,

400,

512, 517,

521-529;

the

Pacific,

535,

536,

537,

544-545;

and Russian

alliance,

680;

relations

with

Britain, 1890-1914,

681,

683-

684,

689;

World

War

I, 705-707,

842-843;

Four

Power

Treaty,

747;

World

War

II, 836-837,

844

Franchise,

182-183;

extension,

477-478

Francis,

Philip,

123,

124

Franco,

General

Francisco,

821

Franco-Prussian

War,

450-451,

680

Fraternal

orders,

for

workingmen,

482-

483

Free

labor,

tropical

colonies

adjustment

to,

392,

394-399

Free

trade,

Britain

and

United States

problem,

44-45;

conversion

to,

215,

343-344;

tropical

colonies

adjustment

to,

320-321;

versus

old

colonial

sys-

tem,

582-583

Free

traders,

Protectionists

battle,

243-

247,

589-590,

593

French

Canadians, 33-41,

628-629;

nationalism, 253-254,

645-647;

Dur-

ham's

report,

261;

under

responsible

government,

264-266.

See

also

Quebec

French

North

Africa,

World

War

II,

862,

866-868

French

Revolution,

impact

Britain,

69-79;

curse

Ireland,

109-110,

117;

effect on

French

Canada,

133-

135

French

War,

Long,

80,

82-94;

effect on

colonial

empire,

132-152

Friendly

Societies,

England,

481,

482

Friendly

Societies

Act,

1793,

79,

356-

357

Frontier

problems

South

Africa,

279-

290

Fur

trade,

30-3

1,36

Gaelic

League,

660,

661

Gait,

Alexander

T.,

445-446

Gambia, 213,

323,

400,

521,

905

Gandhi,

Mahatma

Mohandas,

614,

690,

786, 788,

790,

796, 797-798,

802-

804, 887, 893,

895

Gas,

World

War

701

Gaza,

698

Gazala,

North

Africa, 857,

865

George

III,

3, 4,

5, 6, 7,

18,

103,

116,176

George

V, 176,

675,

754

George

VI,

773

George,

Henry,

498

fh.;

Progress

and

Poverty,

484-485

German East Africa

(now

Tanganyika),

523,

694-695

German

Southwest

Africa,

German-

British

relations, 518-519;

seizure

Union of

South

Africa, 693-694;

1923

agreement,

827-828;

German

claim,

836;

trusteeship problem,

914

Germany,

93, 481, 496;

Africa,

518-

528, 550, 559-560,

564,

574-575,

584,

826-828;

Pacific, 534-537,

600,

640;

and

Great

Britain,

1890-

1914, 680-688;

World War

692-

707;

conscription

and

rearmament,

812-813;

World War

II,

824, 828,

832,

858,

871,

877, 880,

881;

Czechoslovakia,

832-833;

Berlin-

Moscow

pact,

837,

839

Ghent,

Treaty

139

Gibraltar, 25,'

147

fn.

Gladstone,

William

E.,

prime

minister,

451-455,

458;

domestic

reform,

359-

360,

478;

African

policy,

462,

463,

466;

Irish

policy,

573,

651,

652,

653,

657;

Indian

policy,

664

Glenelg,

Charles

Grant,

Lord,

284,

285,

303,307

936 INDEX

Godesberg,

Hitler-Chamberlain

meeting

at,

833

Gold, 379-381,

384-385,

525-526

Gold

Coast,

213,

323, 324,

400, 401,

521,

552-554,

905

Goldie,

(Sir)

George

Taubman,

521,

522

Gordon,

General

Charles,

governor

gen-

eral of

Sudan,

5 1

Gothic

Line,

Italy,

873

Goulburn,

Henry,

186-187

Government

India

Acts,

431,

725-

726, 788,

794,

799-805,

894

Governor,

office of

the,

61-62,

249-250

Governor

general,

office

the,

737,

754,

756-757

Graaff-Reinet,

276

Graf

Spee,

847

Grain,

Grand

National

Consolidated

Trades

Union, 1834,

352

Grattan,

Henry,

leader

in Irish

parlia-

menu,

104,105,

108,

113,114

Great

Britain,

economic

supremacy,

341-344;

political

institutions,

344-

345;

three

basic conditions

inde-

pendent

existence,

679-680.

See also Indian

National

Congress

Hindustan,

894

Hitler,

Adolf,

German chancellor and

president,

812, 813,

820,

824, 828,

832-834,

836,

837,

845-846, 851,

881

Hoare,

Sir

Samuel,

foreign secretary,

813,818

Hoare-Laval

plan,

814,

815,

818

Hobson,

A.,

Imperialism,

Study,

577

Hobson,

Captain

William, 304,

308

Hofmeyr,

Tan

H.,

ideal of

united

South

Africa,

548-549, 556, 557,

583,

611

Holland,

relations

with

Britain,

143,

144,

145, 146, 153, 159,

212-213,

401,

842

Home Rule

movement, 585,

651-663,

716-720

Honduras,

322-323,

400,

913

Hong

Kong,

China, 348,

858

Horton,

Wilmot,

227-229

Hottentots,

154,

155, 156,

273-278

House of

Commons

Select

Committee

the

Aborigines,

303

"Hovering

act/'

Howard,

John,

Howe,

Joseph,

Nova

Scotia

leader,

252,

262,

374

Hudson's

Bay

Company,

30-31,

214,

364-365,

375-376

INDEX

937

Sir

Godfrey,

907

William

Morris,

Australian

prime

minister, 714,

715, 728,

732,

733-736

Huguenots,

Cape

Colony,

153,

154

Humanitarian

movement, 77,

145,

188,

273-278,

285-286.

See

also Social

reforms

"Hump,

the,"

Himalayas,

American

air-

lift

over,

874

Huskisson,

William,

194-195,

220-

222,

258

Hyde, Douglas,

Celtic

scholar,

660,

661

Hyder

Ali,

Mysore,

India,

123,

125,

126,

127.

Hyderabad,

India,

121, 123,

126,

898

Cation,

policy

Negroes,

394-

395;

imperial,

778-780

Imperial

Conferences,

582,

590-595,

647,

745,

749,

750-757

Imperial

East

Africa

Company,

524

Imperial

Economic

Conference

J932,

782-783

Imperial

Federation,

471

Imperial

Federation

League,

1884-

1893,470-472,590-597

Imperial

preference,

589-590,

593,

779,

781-785

Imperial

Union,

foundation

laid

for,

582-597

Imperial unity,

and

self-government

con-

flict,

257-263,

266-267,

596-597;

compromise

of the

principle

of,

734,

735-736

Imperial

War

Cabinet,

729,

731-735

Imperial

War

Conferences,

728-730,

778,

779

Imperialism,

two

meanings

of,

443;

re-

action

from

colonies,

444-451;

after

J880,

466-472;

neo-Marxian

inter-

pretation

of,

507;

expression

nationalism,

510-511;

flood

tide

of,

573-578

Incorporation,

laws

governing,

242

Independence

Burma

Act,

901

Independent

Labor

Party,

490

India,

East

India

Company

in,

25,

HO-

British

expansion

in,

211-213,

333-338;

labor

from,

317,

394, 395,

609,

613;

reforms,

328-333,

666-

673,

805;

extension

British

rule

in,

423-427,

431-440;

army

in,

1851,

428-429,

436;

Mutiny,

Chap.

XXV;

Seeley's

treatment

of,

469;

national-

ism,

624, 663, 664,

668-671,

721-

726,

802-804;

political

and

physical

integration,

663-664;

Vernacular

Press Act of

1878, 664,

665;

Moslem

and

Hindu

schisms,

665, 666,

671,

674;

Indian

National

Congress,

666,

672, 721,

722,

786-787,

792-797,

801-806,

807;

Age

Consent

Act,

J891,

667;

Indian Councils

Act,

667;

anti-British

feeling,

668-669,

675-

676,

789;

revolutionary

incidents,

676, 721,

725-726, 796,

802-804,

888,

892;

participation

World

War

1, 690,

691,

692,

696,

697-699,

700-

701, 721;

Universities

Act of

1904,

670;

Morley-Minto

reforms,

672-

673;

advances

toward

self-govern-

ment,

672-673,

721-725,

791-796;

Council,

674;

Moslem

League,

721,

722, 792,

794, 802,

807;

goal

of Brit-

ish

rule

in,

721-726;

Lucknow

Pact,

722-723;

Montagu-Chelmsford

Re-

port,

724,

794;

Amritsar

"massacre,"

725-726;

Government

of India

Act,

1919,

725-726,

788,

794,

791;

1935,

799-806,

894;

Imperial

War

Confer-

ences,

728-729;

All-India

Congress

Committee

(A.LC.CO,

787;

All-

India Moslem

Association,

788;

politi-

cal

parties,

788,

791,

792;

new

con-

stitution, 789,

796-800;

dyarchy,

790-791, 799;

communal

problem,

792,

793,

795,

797,

804,

895;

native

states,

794-798, 801,

897-898;

Simon

Report,

795, 798;

Round

Table

Conference,

795,

796-798;

scheduled

classes, 797;

"Poona

Pact/'

798;

reaction

coming

World

War

II, 818,

822,

825, 830,

838;

par-

ticipation

in World

War

II,

850-857;

disunity,

885,

886,

892;

dominion

status,

886;

Cripps

Offer,

887;

parti-

tion

problems,

887-894;

Cabinet

mission, 890,

891;

"Great

Calcutta

Killing,"

892;

Indian

Independence

Act,

1947,

894-897.

See

also Indian

National

Congress,

Moslem

League,

and

Pakistan

India

Act,

1784,

124,

125

Indian Councils

Act, 667,

669

Indian

Independence

Act,

1947,

894-

897

Indian

Mutiny,

Chap.

XXV

Indian

National

Congress,

666, 672,

786-787,

885;

plan

for

self-govern-

ment, 721,

722,

726;

unitary

consti-

tution

demand,

792-797;

Act

1935,

801-806,

807;

rejection

League,

806;

Cripps

Offer,

887;

Cabi-

net

mission

plan,

890,

891

Indian

Ocean,

possessions

in,

938

INDEX

Indochina,

857

Indonesia,

904

Industrial

class,

misery

and

reform,

76-

79,

174-175, 179,

182

Industrial

revolution,

15,

17,

19-22,

75-

Industry,

labor

legislation,

478-484

International

Joint

Commission,

739

International

Labor

Organization,

736,

737

Intracommonwealth

disputes,

769-770

Inventions,

agricultural

and

industrial,

18th

century,

17-24

Investment,

imperial,

778,

780-781

Ionian

Islands, 93,

348

Iran,

855-856

Iraq,

853-854

Ireland,

background history,

97-102;

religious

tensions,

102,

103,

104,

108-116;

effect of American

Revolu-

tion

on,

103-104;

Volunteers,

105;

legislative

independence

and

its

prob-

lems,

105-107;

parliamentary

reform,

107-109, 110-116;

political

equality

issue, 108-113,

116; Defenderism,

111, 114, 115;

rebellion,

114-116;

Act

Union,

116-117;

emigration,

223,

224, 225, 226, 227,

271;

grievances

and

political

agitation,

268-270;

national

uprising plotted,

1848,

271; nationalism, 624;

struggle

against

British

rule,

650-663;

oppres-

sive land

system,

651,

652, 653,

658-

659;

Home

Rule

movement,

651-

657, 662-663, 716-720;

Irish Church

(Anglican)

disestablished, 1869, 651,

658;

Irish

renaissance,

660;

World

War

689-690, 702;

Partition

Act,

718;

republic,

1916,

716,

717;

Sinn

Fein and civil

war, 716-720;

Easter

Rebellion,

716-717

Ireland

Act, 1949,

91 3

Irish

act

1778,

104

Irish

Agricultural Organization Society,

1894,659

Irish-Americans,

650,

653

Irish

Free

State,

719-720,

754;

Irish

Republican

Army,

718,

720;

Imperial

Conference, 750-752;

Anglo-Irish

disputes,

767-771,

776-777;

Fianna

Fail

party,

768,

770;

Irish

revolution,

I.R.A., 770-771;

constitutional

es-

trangement

from

Britain, 771-774;

Statute

Westminster, 772;

new

constitution,

1937,

773-774,

775-

776;

reaction to

coming

World

War

810,

815.

See

also

Eire

Irish

Republican

Army,

718, 720,

770-

771

Iron

industry,

20-21

Irwin,

Lord

(later

Earl of

Halifax),

viceroy

India,

796

Island of

Saint

John,

30,

33. See

dso

Prince Edward

Island

Isolation,

policy

"splendid

isolation,"

680,681,684,686,689

Italy,

Long

French

War,

83,

84, 85;

Africa,

522;

Triple

Alliance,

688;

im-

perialist

ambitions, 812-813;

World

WarH,

842, 848-850, 858,

871, 872,

873

Jacksonian

democracy,

effect

on British

North

America,

251

Jahnsi,

India,

425,

430

Jamaica,

26, 27, 60, 63-64, 141-142,

393;

effect of

emancipation,

316,

317,

318;

political

and constitutional

crisis,

318-319;

impact

free

trade, 321;

social and economic

conditions,

396,

399;

new

constitution,

404-406;

po-

litical

regeneration,

912

James II,

101

Jameson,

Dr.

Leander,

South

African

statesman, 612,

618,

648

Jameson

Raid, 562-565,

574

Japan,

348,

810,

811, 824;

Anglo-Japa-

nese

alliance, 682-683,

745-746;

Four Power

Treaty,

1 92 1

747;

World

War

II, 842, 848,

857,

858-859,

860,

861-862,

863-864,

874,

882-884

ay, John,

ay's

Treaty,

135

icoe,

Admiral

John,

702,

703

ervis,

Admiral

John,

esuits,

Ireland,

ingoism,

454,

455

rnnah,

A.,

788, 806,

807, 893,

895

bhannesburg,

553,

561-564,

566

oubert,

Petrus

Jacobus,

554

unagadh,

union

with

India,

898

Kaffirland

(Kaffiraria),

279, 280,

282,

291,292,408

Kaffirs,

frontier

disputes

and

wars,

279-

285,290,292,410-411

Kanakas,

602,

603

Kandy,

kingdom

of,

163

Kashmir,

337,

898

Kat River

valley,

277

Kay, John,

flyine shuttle,

Kenya

(formerly

British

East

Africa),

523-524, 904;

Mau

crisis,

908,

909

Keppel,

Admiral

Henry,

INDEX

Kerr,

Philip, editor,

The

Round

Table,

597;

editor,

The

State,

616

Kiel

Canal,

685,

689

Kimberley,

552,

553

Kindergarten,

South

African

unification

movement,

616

Kins,

Mackenzie,

prime

minister

Canada,

816,

824,

832,

839,

916,

"King

Solomon's

Mines,"

554

Kipling,

Rudyard,

469-470

Kitchener,

Sir

Herbert,

530-531,

570,

576,671,683

Knox,

William,

KomgsWg,692,693,694

Kowfoon,

348,

545

Kruger, Paul,

president

Transvaal,

415,

460-465,

520-521,

526,

549-

558,

559,

564-567

Labor,

impact

emancipation

on,

315-

317;

from

India,

317,

394,

395,

609,

613;

extension

enfranchisement,

477;

non-unionized,

487-489,

490;

white

labor

policy

South

Africa,

607-609;

Chinese

coolies,

609,

641,

642

Labor

legislation,

237,

478-484;

Aus-

tralia,

499-501;

New

Zealand,

504

Labor

movement,

trade

unions,

352-

353;

356,

357,

359;

crisis

in,

488-

489;

liberal

program

reform,

491;

Australia,

498,

499-500,

601-602

Labor

party,

490,

888,

889

Labuan,

crown

colony,

539

Lafontaine,

Louis

Hippolyte,

265

Lagos,

ceded

Britain,

400

Lambton,

(Lord

Durham),

302

Land

Act,

1870,

651;

1881,

653,

658

Land

League,

652

Land

Sales Act

1842,

307

Landing

Ship,

Tank

(L.S.T.),

870

Latin

America,

British

markets

in, 91,

210

Laurier,

Sir

Wilfred,

premier

Canada,

581

fn.,

588,

595,

629-634,

636,

711,712

Lausanne,

Treaty

of,

923,

748

Laval,

Pierre,

13,

Lawrence,

E.,

Arab

revolt,

699

League

Nations,

735,

736-737,

744,

811-818

passim, 824,

825

Ledo,874,876

Leeward

Islands,

26, 27,

62-64,

913 fn.

Lend-Lease

supplies,

855

Leopold

II,

king

Belgium, 511-512,

528

939

Lettow-Vorbeck,

General

Paul

von,

694,

695

Liberal

party,

beginnings

of,

180

Liberals,

506,

572,

661;

labor

move-

ment,

358-359;

foreign

policy,

450-

466;

franchise

extension, 478;

Lib-

Labs

reform,

490-497;

South

African

crisis,

572;

self-government

South

Africa,

616;

Irish

policy,

653,

654-655,656

Libya,

850

"Limited,"

242

Limited

Liability

Company,

242

Little

Englander,

229

Little

World

War,

821

Liverpool

School

Tropical

Medicine,

581

Livingstone, David,

510

Lloyd

George,

David,

prime

minister,

494,

572,

709,

728,

732,

734,

735,

738, 747,

888

fn.;

Mansion

House

speech,

688

Locarno

Treaty,

821

London

Convention

1884,

520, 565,

566;

1894,

521

London

Corresponding

Society,

London

Missionary

Society, 159,

274

London

School

Tropical

Medicine,

581

Londonderry,

Ireland,

100

Looms,

19-20

Lome,

John,

Marquis of,

later

Duke

Argyll,

governor

general

Canada,

638

Louis

XIV,

king

France,

Louisburg,

British

capture

of,

Louisiana

Purchase,

effect on

British

empire,

136

Lower

Canada

(Quebec),

42,

53,

58,

59,

64-65,

133-134,

192-197,

252-

254,

258,

363-364

Loyalists,

West

Indies,

27;

Canada,

33-35,

40-41

LucknowPact,

722-723

Ludendorff,

General

Erich,

World War

1,706

J,844,846,853

Lytton,

Edward,

Lord,

viceroy

India,

457,

458

MacArthur,

General

Douglas,

859

Macarthur,

John,

wool

industry

New

South

Wales,

167

Macaulay,

B.,

later

Lord,

331-332

McCarthy,

Justin,

657,

661

McCulloch,J.R.,210

Macdonald,

Sir

John

A.,

prime

minister

Canada,

626,

627,

628,

629

940

INDEX

MacDonald,

Ramsay, prime

minister.

750,

796-797

McKenzie,

John,

503

MacKenzie,

William

Lyon,

255,

256,

259

Mackinnon,

Sir

William,

523-524

McMurdp,

Edward,

550,

554

Macquarie, Lachlan,

governor

of New

South

Wales,

168,

191

Madras,

India, 120, 121, 123, 124,

127,

160

Magdalen

Islands,

Maginot

Line,

843

Mahan,

T.,

86,

470

Mahasabha,

807

Mahratta

tribes,

120-129

Maitland,

Sir

Peregrine, governor

South

Africa,

289-290

Majuba

Hill,

464

Malacca,

213,

540

Malan,

F.,

South

African

leader

and

prime

minister,

767,

817-818,

835,

914;

Nationalists,

914;

colored

vote,

915

Malay

States,

Federated, 540-542,

594,

901-903

Malaya,

213, 540-542,

859

Malta,

84, 93,

864, 865,

872

Malthus,

Thomas

Robert,

Essay,

227-

228

Manchester

Massacre,

175

Manchukuo, 810;

border

fighting,

838

Manchuria,

Japan's

aggression

in,

810

Manifest

Destiny,

373-374

Manitoba,

Canada,

376,

628-629;

re-

bellion,

626

Manitoba

Act,

1870,376

Manson,

Sir

Patrick,

580-581

Maoris,

302/304-305, 312,

389-391

Maritime

Provinces,

256,

261,

363;

United

States

trade,

50-52;

responsi-

ble

government,

264;

Quebec

plan,

367,

371-372.

See

also

Newfound-

land,

Prince

Edward

Island,

New

Brunswick,

Nova

Scotia

Marne,

second

battle

the,

706

Martinique,

144

Mary

Masses,

misery

and

disturbances

of,

74-

175,

179, 182;

stirrings

social

con-

sciousness,

483,

484-489,

492-493

Massey,

F.,

premier

New

Zealand,

744,

747

Matabeleland-Mashonaland,

Africa,

British

protectorate,

526

Mau

crisis,

Kenya,

909

Mauritius,

93,

164, 198;

effect

eman-

cipation on,

316,

317,

318;

adjust-

ment to

free

labor,

394, 395;

sugar

production,

397-398

Mediterranean,

Long

French

War,

84,

87-88;

possessions

in, 93;

fleet

in,

813;

World War

II,

848,

857

Meighen,

Arthur,

prime

minister

Canada,

746

Melbourne,

William

Lamb, Lord,

319

Melbourne, Australia,

299

Mercantilist

system,

decline

of,

216

Merchant

Shipping

Act, 1876,

479,

759

Merivale,

Herman,

444

Merriman,

John

Xavier,

Cape Colony

premier,

618

Mersa

Matruh,

North

Africa,

849, 850,

865

Mesopotamia,

World

War

operations,

696-698,

701 fh.

Metcalfe,

Sir

Charles, 263,

319,

328

Methodists,

Upper

Canada,

254

Middle

East,

856,

867

Midway,

battle

of,

863

Mill,

James,

philosopher,

210

Mill,

John

Stuart, 359;

Representative

Government,

344

Milner,

Sir

Alfred,

later

Lord,

567-568,

571,

587;

"Kindergarten,"

596;

re-

generation

South

Africa, 606-610,

614,615,819

Mining,

South

Africa,

607-609

Minto,

John,

4th Earl

of,

political

re-

forms

India,

672-673,

675

Missionary

activity,

188;

Cape Colony,

158-159;

South

Africa,

273-274;

New

Zealand,

302;

islands

Pacific,

532-533

Mogul

empire,

118-120,

128

Molesworth,

Sir

William,

297,

303

fn.,

308

Monarchical

principle,

colonial

gov-

ernment,

57-58

Montagu,

Edwin

Samuel,

secretary

state

for

India,

723-724

Montagu-Chelmsford

Report,

794

Montesquieu,

Charles,

Montevideo,

847

Montgomery,

General

Bernard,

com-

mander

Eighth

Army,

867,

869,

870,

877

Montreal/Canada,

35,

36,

253,

266

Moplahs,

789

Moravians,

273,

274

fn.

Morley,

John,

later

Lord,

secretary

state

for

India,

672-675

Morocco,

North

Africa,

crises

in,

684,

687-688

Moshesh,

leader

Basutos,

Moslem

League,

676,

788,

806;

Luck-

INDEX

941

now

Pact,

722-723;

political princi-

ples,

792-794,

802,

807;

Cripps

Offer, 887;

demand for

Pakistan,

890-891;

cabinet

mission

plan,

891-

892

Moslem-Hindu

schism,

666, 671,

674,

789, 806,

807,

886,

892

Moslems. See

Moslem

League

Mosul,

854

Mountbatten,

Lord

Louis,

supreme

allied

commander

Southeast

Asia,

874,

882;

viceroy

India,

893-895

Moyne,

Lord,

Report

West

Indies,

911,912

Munich,

Hitler-Chamberlain

meeting,

883-885

Municipal Corporations

Act,

234

Municipal government, corruption

and

reform

in,

234-235

Munroe,

Sir

Thomas,

reforms in

India,

328,

329

Murchison,

Sir

Robert,

geologist,

379

Murmansk,

Russia,

convoys

to,

855

Murphy,

Jeremiah

(Dairmait

Mac-

Murchada),

Mussolini,

Benito, 812-814, 833,

837,

843,

844,

845,

871

Myitkyina,

Burma,

new

supply

road

through,

876

Nagasaki, Japan,

atomic

bomb,

883

Nagpur,

India,

425

Nana

Sahib,

426,

430

Napier,

Sir

Charles, 354;

Sind

annexa-

tion,

336;

Sikh

wars

and annexation

Punjab,

338

Napier,

Sir

George,

288

Naples, Italy,

Long

French

War

and

coalition

with

Britain,

84;

Fifth

Army

enters,

871

Napoleon

Bonaparte,

80-94

Napoleonic

Wars,

80-94

Natal,

287-289,

419, 519,

555-557;

annexation

of,

408;

South

African

War,

569;

imperial

defense,

584,

588,

594;

Indian

labor

in,

609;

native

and

other

racial

problems,

612-614;

war

over

customs

and

railways,

615;

move-

ment

toward

union,

618;

franchise,

620-621

Nation,

newspaper

Ireland,

271

National

Fair Trade

League,

466

National

Insurance

Act

1911,

496-

497

National

Liberal

Federation,

788

National

Review,

574

Nationalism,

French

Canadian,

133-

134;

infected

Ireland,

271;

effect

swing

imperialism,

449;

Europe,

450-451;

impelling

force of

imperial-

ism, 510-511;

Boer

states,

548,

549-550;

analysis

meaning

of,

622-623;

under

impact

of World

War

708. See also

individual countries

Natural

resources,

Nauru,

South

Pacific,

Australian

seiz-

ure,

693

Navigation

Acts

1818 and

1820

(American),

Navigation

laws

(British),

44,

46,

177;

revision

necessary

for

Upper

Canada,

53-54;

and

Ireland,

101,

104;

revi-

sions, 218,

219

Navy

(British),

supremacy

of,

26,

81,

86,

87;

mutiny,

84;

impressment

abandoned,

240;

consideration

imperial navy,

732

Navy

(Dutch),

Navy

(French),

84,

Navy

(German),

843

Navy (Spanish),

Nazis, 812,

842.

See also

Canada

Opium

War,

347-348

Oran,

French

North

Africa,

868

Orange

Free

State, 287,

407, 551,

557;

key

position

held

by,

409,

411;

border

wars,

410-411, 415,

416;

alliance

sought

with Transvaal and

Cape

Col-

INDEX

943

ony,

411-412,

555-557, 565,

570;

population,

420;

restoration

name,

618

Orange

River

Colony,

570,

571;

regen-

eration after

Boer

War,

606-610;

grant

self-government,

610-611;

restoration of old

name,

618

Orange

River

Sovereignty,

291-292;

Bloemfontein

Convention,

293

Orders in

council,

United

States-British

commerce

regulated

by,

1783,

Oregon Treaty

846,

257

Ottawa

Agreements,

783,

784

Ottoman

Empire,

695

Oudh, India, 120-122,

127, 129;

annex-

ation,

425-426

Owen,

Robert,

social

reformer,

352

Owen

Stanley

Mountains,

New

Guinea,

874

Pacific,

islands

of,

532-533

Pacific

Islanders

Protection

Act,

J872,

533;

1875,

534

Paine,

Tom,

72;

The

Rights

Man,

Pakistan,

World

War

698-699;

con-

cept

of,

807-808;

World

War

II,

848;

establishment

autonomous

government,

890-896;

Moslem

popu-

lation,

891;

United Nations

member-

ship,

894

Palmerston,

Henry,

Lord,

345-348

Palmerstonian

policy,

345-346,

350-

352

Papineau,

Louis

Joseph,

Canadian

rebel

leader, 194,

197,255-256,265

Papua,

territory

of,

536

Paris,

Peace

of,

1763,

effect on

East

India

Company,

120

Parkes,

Sir

Henry, premier

New South

Wales,

601

Parliament,

reform,

3-12,

Chap.

XI;

re-

lations

with Colonial

Office,

189-191;

constitutional

crisis,

494-495;

tide

revised,

754

Parliament

(Ireland),

reform

move-

ment,

107-1

16;

legislative

union with

Great

Britain,

116-117

Parliament

Act of

191

1, 495,

662

Parliamentary government,

development

under

Pitt,

9-14;

European

borrow-

ing,

344

Parliamentary

reform,

3-12;

Grey's

so-

ciety

for,

72;

movement

for, 175,

179;

Reform

Bill,

180-184;

Chartist

move-

ment,

353-359

Parnell,

Charles

Stewart,

Home Rule

party

leader,

652-656;

Times

charges

against,

655,

656;

death,

657

Pastoral

industry,

384-387

Patronages,

Patton,

General

George,

American

Sev-

enth

Army,

870

Peace

Conference,

dominions'

represen-

tation

at,

733-735

Peace

treaties,

submitted

to dominion

parliaments,

740-741

Peace

Treaty,

1783,

reciprocity

issue,

44-48

Pearl

Harbor,

858

Peasants in

Ireland,

102,

652;

grievances

and

outrages,

653-654;

transfer

land

to,

658-659

Peel,

Sir

Robert,

prime

minister,

79,

229,

233,

245-247,

257

fn.,

270,

319,

654

Pegu,

424

Peking,

China,

347-348

Penal

colony,

166

Penal

laws,

Penang,25,213,540

People's

Charter,

1836,353

Permanent

Joint

Defense

Board,

United

States and

Canada,

916

Persia,

spheres

of influence

in,

685,

696

Peshawar,

occupation,

338

Peterloo,

disturbance

at,

175

Philip,

Reverend

John,

missionary,

274-

277;

Researches

South

Africa,

276;

frontier

problems,

282-285

Philippines,

859-860

Pitt,

William the

Elder,

Pitt,

William

the

Younger,

77-78,

79,

82, 84,

124;

parliamentary

reform,

13;

free trade

advocate,

45,

48;

Long

French

War

policies,

89;

policies

to-

ward

Ireland,

107,

111-116

Place,

Francis,

73-74

Plimsoll, Samuel,

shipping

reforms,

479

Plunkett, Horace,

Irish

agriculturalist,

659-660

Poaching,

78-79

Poland,

partition,

83;

invasion, 837,

839;

collapse,

844

Pondoland,

408

"Poona

Pact,"

798

Poor

relief,

Speenhamland

Act,

77-78;

rerorm IT^ fl.qpnnis^rfltio^

? 235 2oo

Popular

disturbances,

174-175,

179,

182

Population, growth

and

problem,

74,

225-229,

475;

British North

Amer-

ica,

251-252;

Ireland,

271;

Australia,

299,

380-381;

New

Zealand,

389;

South

Africa,

420

Port

Darwin,

Australia,

859

Port

Moresby,

New

Guinea,

863,

874

944

INDEX

Port

Phillip

District

(later

Victoria),

311

Port

Phillip

settlement

(later

Mel-

bourne),

299,

309

Portugal,

Napoleonic

War, 84,

92;

claims

Africa,

416, 512,

527-528,

569

Portuguese

East

Africa,

607

Poverty,

system

relieve,

77-78

Poynings,

Sir

Edward,

Poynings'

Law,

99,

105

Pratt,

John

Tidd. 482

Preferential

trade,

582,

585,

588-589;

imperial,

590,

593

Presbyterians,

Ireland,

100, 102;

Ulster, 104;

reform

movement,

109-

116;

colony

South

Island,

New

Zealand,

306;

islands

Pacific,

532-533

Pretoria, 564,

567, 570,

621

Pretoria

Convention,

565

Preforms,

Marthinus,

president

of South

African

Republic,

409,410,

413,

415,

416,

464

Priestley,

Dr.

Joseijh,

71-72

Prime

minister,

office

of, 4-5,

9-13

Prince

Edward

Island,

30, 33;

govern-

ment

of,

58;

administration and

rev-

enue

problems,

64;

population,

252;

responsible

government,

264;

Quebec

plan,

372;

member

Dominion,

378

Prince of

Wales,

origin

tide,

Prince

Wales,

855

Prison

camp,

166

Privy

Council

for

Trade

and

Plantations,

Committee of

the,

48-49,

Proceedings, Imperial

Conference,

1937,

824

Protective

policy,

versus

free

trade,

243-

247,

589,

782

Protestants,

Scotland,

96;

Ireland,

100-103,

109-116;

islands of

Pacific,

533

Province

Wellesley,

213,

540

Provision

Meals Act

1906,

492

Prussia, 83;

Long

French

War, 92;

de-

mands of Peace

Treaty,

Public

credit,

restored

Pitt,

Public

Health

Act,

1848,

240

Punch,

685

Punjab,

India,

336, 337;

annexation,

338,

423;

World War

II,

885;

Mos-

lem

population,

893;

during

Parti-

tion,

895

Quebec,

Province

of,

old

Canada,

35-

41,

147

fn.;

trade

problems, 52-56;

administration

costs, 64;

industry,

253;

Ontario

estrangement,

626-628

Quebec

Act of

J774, 38,

39,

42,

147,

149

Quebec

Conference, 1864,

creation

Dominion

Canada,

367-373

Quebec

Revenue

Act,

38,

41,

195 fn.

Queensland,

Australia, 311;

separate

colony,

383,

384;

cattle

area

and

sheep

country,

386-387;

imperial

de-

fense

policy,

583;

drive

for

federation,

600-605

Rabaul,

Australian seizure

of,

693

Racial

problems,

South

Africa,

420.

618,620-621

Radar,

British

invention,

846

"Radical

imperialists,"

297

Radicals,

synonymous

with

rebels,

175

Radio

Direction

Finding

(R.D.F.),

846

Raffles,

Sir

Stamford,

occupies Singa-

pore,

212,

Raikes, Robert,

239

Railroads,

early

government

control

over,

243;

importance

of, 342;

development

British North

America,

363;

pro-

vision

Canadian

constitution,

370,

373;

growth

Australia,

384;

Cey-

lon,

403, 404;

South

Africa,

550-551,

554

Rangoon,

423, 424,

860,

882

Rashid

Ali,

Iraq,

853-854

Reaney,

William,

The

Bitter

Cry

Out-

cast

London,

485

Rebellion

Losses

Bill,

265

Reciprocity,

British-American

negotia-

tions

for,

44-48

Reciprocity

Treaty,

1854,

372,

374

Red River

Colony,

213,

365,

375

Redmond,

John,

Home

Rule

leader,

657,661,663,690,716

Reeves,

William

Pember,

504

Reform

Act

J832,

12,

72,

180-184

Reform

Act

1867,

effect

swing

imperialism,

448-449

Reformation,

Scotland, 96;

Ireland,

Reforms,

9-13,

359-360;

parliament,

12, 72,

175-179,

180-184,

353-355;

French

Revolution

effect

on, 72-79;

early

19th

century,

177-178,

233-

247;

South

Africa,

274-278;

India,

328-336

Regency

Bill,

107

Reid,

Sir

George

Houston

("Georgie

Porg/0,603

Reitz,

W.,

president

Orange

Free

State,

555-556,

557

Religious

discrimination,

Ireland,

108-

116