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JII1T.:
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JI. C. PbIObI npecnux son
CCCP
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CTpaH. M.: JI., 1948. '4. I. N9 3;
EOpOJUfl
H. PWOOJl06CT60//3HU:.
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lays
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A.
11
E¢POH H. A. ens, 1899. T. 27; Bapnaxoecsuti H. A.
PbI6o)JOBCTBO
6aceeHHa p.
06n.
cn6
.• 1899;
ON
oce. PbloHhle npoauc-
JI':"
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Ilesopu
.
ell6.,
1900;
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0
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HIlH
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6
POCCHll
.
Cll6.,
1860
-1875.
T.
1-9;
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Mupclwl1 B. H. Texnnxa npOMbIllIJleHHOrO
Pb160JlOBCTB8.
M., 1951-
1953. 4 .
1-2;
Haponsr ABcTpaJIlm lJ
OKeaHIlIl
. M.; JI.. 1961; Haponsr
AMepllKlJ. M.; JI., 1959. T. I; 1961; T. 2.;
H8PO
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ASllll
.
M.; JI., 1963; Haponu CHOllpH. M.; JI.. 1956;
CO/lJUTo8
B. K.
npo-
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11
nxruoaorus.
M.; JI., 1934-1938. 4 .
1-2;
OXOTHllKll, co-
6UpaTe
JllJ,
pbl6oJlOBbl. JI., 1972; Reinman. F. M.
Fishing
: an
aspect
of
Oceanic economY/IFieldiana: Anthropology. 1967: Vol. 56. N 2.
B. pyao/lorjJ, A. B.
CMO.!lJlK.
CI\OTOBO,ll,CTBO
(aHrJI. cattle breeding, HeM. Vieh-
z
uch
t) - THn X03HHcTBa HJUf X035ffkTBeHHblM YKJI
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