OpY,li,H5t H3
npyrnx
MtlTepHaJIOB.
Hanpuvep, 1I1vIeetcSI
SHa
"
lJHTeJIbHOe THOOJIO
rHlJeCKOe
CXOjlCTBO MC)KAY
eBponeficKHMlJ
HeOJIHTHlJeCKHMH 0PY.ll.H5IMH
113
cnensero
pora
11
KOCT5IHhIMl-l
0pY.ll.HHMH,
npHMeH5JeMbIMH
3CKH MOCaMI-!.
He60JIbliIHe
rpe-
yroasnue
JIe3BIUI
113
KOCTH C
2-1'1'151
oTBepCTH51MH
.rr.JUI
npu
-
KpenJIeHH5J PYK051TKH
(noce.renne
MHXeJIhC6eprcI<O!f
Ky.1bTy-
phI
B Illeefinapun)
aHaJIOrHlJHbI
3CKHMOCCKHM
cKpe6KuM
)I}I51 COCKaOJJHBaRll5J
urxyp.
KocnlHble
rpeoHli
H3
caenser
o
para
H3 HeOJIHTHlJeCKBX nOCeJIeHHH
EBPOObI
(AH
rJIlUI
,
Bens-
rH5J)
IIMelOT
aexoropoe
CXO.ll.CTBO
C rpeOH51MH 3CKHMOCOB,
ynoTpeOJIRBIIIHMHCH
ll.JIH
yjlaJIeHHH
BOJIOC
co
IIII{yp
.
ECT
b
OCHOBaHH5J
npennonarar
s,
lJTO Y:IKe B HeOJIHTHlJeCKOe
BpeM5I
OblJIll
11
3BeCTHbI
XHMlIlJeCKHe
cnocotisr
O. K. H M.
COBepIllcHcTBoBaHHe
O. K_ H M. CBH
3aHo
C
pa3BHTHeM
CKOTOBO,11CTBa,
BbI,11eJleIHfeM y
MHorHX
HapO,1l0B
,1laHHoro
npouecca
H OTAeJlbI-IbIX
ero
3TanOB
B KatJeCTBe C8MOCTOR-
Te.iJ:bHblx
peMeCeJI,
nOBceMeCTHbIM
p
acnpocrpanennaa
cjJa6-
pUQHOrO
np0I13BO,ll,CTBa KO:IKfl H
Mexa
. O. K. H M.
HMeeT
pe-
rHOHaJIhHYIO
II
3THH'I
ecKyIO
cne~IHpHKY,
o6yCJlOBJleHHylO
npezczte
acero
X03J1MCTBelmo-KYJIhTYPHblMH
H
SKOJIOrH'IeCKll-
MIl
epaKTOpaMI1 H npORBJlJlIOmYIOCH B npe,11lIOlJTHTeJlbHOM
HCnOJlh30BaHllli
Taro
llJIH
HHoro
CblPh5I
AJlH
BblAeJllm,
B
cno
-
co6ax
H
opynaax
o6pa6o
TKH,
B BiI,11ax o OJJylJaeMOH
nponyx-
UUH H
cnocoriax
ee
I1CnOJih30BaHHR,
B oco5eHHOCT51X
OOPR-
AOB,
cOOpOBO:IKAaIOIII,llx O. K.
II
M. Y
Hel\OTOphIX
aapono
a.
3THorpaepHtleCKiIe
acnexr
a O. K. H M. H3YlJaIOTC5I B CBfl3H
C
,1l0MalllHHM
II
peMeCJIeHHhIM
npOH3BO,1lCTBOM.
OCHOBHhIMH
BH,11aMH
KOLKeBeHHoro
CblpbH
5JBJIHlOTCfl
IIIKY-
phI
poraroro
cxora,
JIollla,11e~i,
oseu,
K03,
can
aeir
, Bep6J1IO-
,110B,
OCJlOB,
nexcropsrx
13H,1l0B
penTMJIHiL
Y HapO,1l0B Ceaep-
HOM
A3HH
rJiaBHhIM
cupsex
cayxcar
urxypu
OJleHeH, y
psna
aeppHKaHCKHX
naponoa
-lllKypbI
aHTHJlOn,
ra3eJleif,
IIIaKa-
JIOB.
HeKOTopble
phl6oJIOB'leCKIIe
HapO,11bI
(HU:lKHerO
AMy-
pa,
CaXaJIHHa
H ,11p.) H MOpCI<He
3Bepo60H
('1yK'IIl,
KOP5lKll
H ,11p.)
HCnOJlh30BaJIII
,lI,JI51
otipacorxn
KO>Ky
phI6
H
MOpCKHX
:lKHBOTH
ux,
Ilpouecc
O. K. H M. Y
60JIhlllHHCTBa
HapO,1l0B
BKJIIOqaeT
pfl,1l nOCJIe,1loBaTeJIbHbIX
onepaUHii
: 1) nO,1lfOTOBHTeJlbHhIX
(npeA,n;y611JIbHblX),
2)
JIy6HJIbHhIX,
3) OT,11eJlOtIHbIX.
Do,UroToBHTeJIbHhIe
onepaumr c/le,1lYIOIII,He:
I.
3aMalJHBaHHe
umyp
B
BO,11e,
HMeIOmee
nensro Y,11aJle-
NHe
rpaau,
)f(lIpa,
a
TaK)Ke
IlX
pa3~Hlfl.JeHHe.
2 . Y,11aJIeHHe Me3,1lpbl
M€XaHH'IeCKIIM
nyrex
-
cocKa6JIII-
BaHHeM
cneruraJIbHhIMH
HHcTpyMeHTaMH:
KaMeHHbIMll,
KOC-
T5IHbIMH KJIH
MeT8JIJIHtIeCKHMI{
cKpe6KaMH
. ,l..I.Jlfl
rp
anann-
92
'
nnux
xynsryp
60JIhIIIHHCTBa
aaponoa
xapaxrepao
ucno.ns-
30BaHHe
paanasuux
BH,110B
cKpe6KOB.
Hanpaxep,
arauacaxu
JICnOJIh3YIOT Tp M
BliA
a
)f(eJleSHbIX
II
OAlIH
BII):\. KOCTHHblX
~
K
p
e
6 K O
B
HeOJIIlTHlJeCKOrO
THDa.
Kaxennue
II
xocranue
~
c
Kp
e
6 KH
y
~IHOrMX
HapOnOE
ClionpH,
AMepHKH
,
AcPPHKli
HMeIOT
CXO,11CTBO
C
ApeBI-IeHUlHMlI
0pY,11M5IMH
xasreaaoro
sexa
.
Ilpaeuu
HCDOJlh30BaHHH
cKpe6KOB
y
paansrx
HapO,11oB
cyurecrsenao pa3JIJII.JaIOTC5I .
Hepenxo
cocKa6JI1iBaHllI0
Me3,11pbI
npeJl,III
CCTByeT
nepno-
ua
qaJIbHOe
xnaurenae
-
o6pa60TKa
IIIKYP
KBaCHJIbHblMM
pac-
TBopaMH
lIJill
KHCJIOMOJIO'lHhIMH
npO,1lyKTaMH.
3. OT,11eJleHHe BOJIOCa OT
urxypsr
(B TOM
cnysae,
eCJlH
»3-
rOTOBJlHIOT KO:IKY), AJlH
nero
tIaCTO npOH3B0,11HTC51
puxneane
nyrea
3aMalJHBaHH5J ee B
pacrsopax
U3BeCTlI
JIH60
BeIII,ecTB,
CO,1lepLKaI..l.U~X
H3BeCTh
(OTHlJIIH
nOMeT,
COOa"IHH
KaJI
H
,11p
.)
,
lIJI
H nOCpe,1lCTBOM
npnna
pllRaHI1H
(IIIBHuenaHIIR),
xor
Jla
WKy-
pa
CKJIa,1iblB8IOTCH
TaK,
'ITo6bl
M51CHble CTOpOHbI npunera.na
O,11
Ha
K
npyroji,
B
pesy.nsrare
nero
npOHCXO,11HT
6p0:IKeHHe
H
BbI,11eJI51eTC51
aMMHuK,
OKa3hIBalOmHlI
na
urxypy
pa3M5IrQaIO-
III,ee ,1leWCTBHe.
\ 4.
YJIaJIeI-me
BOJlOca npOH3B0,11HTC51
MeXaHHlJeCKll,
C
no-
MOIII,bIO
OC06blX
HO:>KeH
HJlll
cxpeoxos,
a
TaK}Ke
nyrejr
pac-
QeChlB8uHH
cneunansnsraa
rpe6H5JMll.
Hexoropue
adipaxau-
eKHe
uapomr
HCnOJIb3ylOT
JIJlfl
yJIaJ1eHHH BOJIOe TOJllJeHbIIl
neClJJRHK.
5.
6yQeI-IHe
- Y,1laJleHHe H3BeCTH, oCTaBIlleHC5J B KoLKe
noc-
'JJe,pbIXJIeHH5f,
nYTeM
3aMJlJHBaHH51
B
pa3JIUlJHblX
KBaCHJlbHbIX
Maecax
(5PIMeI-IHOH,
.rr.p0:>K:lKeBOH.
HOp.).
Pacnpocrpaueao
y
pyCCKHX
H pH,11a
ztpyrnx
esponeacxax
Hap0,110B.
6.
IlIIKeJIeBaHUe
-
oopaootxa
IIIKyp
pacrsopou
rrosapea-
noli
conn
H KACJlOT .nJI5I npHAaHJI51 KO:IKe M5IrKOCTH H
3JIaCTHl{-
HOCTH.
Pacnpocrpaneno
B
60JlblIIHHCTBe
esponencxax
crpau
H
Ha
DJiH:tKHeM Bocroxe,
7_
CYIllKa,
KOTOpyIO
npOIl3BO,1lflT
B
nOMemeI1HH
llJIH
na
OTKphITOM
B03Ayxe,
aa
COJIHue
HJIll
B
TeHH,
pa3BeIIIHBa5I
llJIll
paCKJla,11blBa5J
IIIKypbI
na
3eMJle, paCT5JrllBa5J HX
rrpn
nonounr
CneUHaJIbHhIX
npacnocooaenaa
(uanpnuep,
nepeaauaux
pax).
B
pe3YJIbTaTe
npeJI,11y611JIbHhIX
onepaunn
rrOJIYlJalOT
ronse,
cnyxcautee
ChIpbeM
,1lJl51
,11y6JIeHHH HJlH M e ,UMI BbI,n;eJlIU!
OCOObIX COpTOB He,1lYOJleHl
;>IX
KOM,
B
1:JaCTI-IOCTH,
neprauenr
a,
Cbi:pOMHTH
(CblpOMHTHbIX
KOJK),
unrpoxo
HcnoJlb3yeMoH
pas-
HhIMH
HapO,1laMH AJI5J
6hITOBbIX
A
X03HikTBeHHbIX
ny:IK)l
()lJI51
H3rOTOBJleHRK
peMHeii,
IIIopHO-Ce,1leJibHbIX
113
AeJIHH
H T. A.).
CblPOM5ITHhIe
KO}l{H
Tpe6YlOT
OC06blX
npaeaon
BhIAeJilw.
93