B.nporpecce 3. carpano P8sBflTHe SeMItBOellbtteCICUX opyoua
(pysnax, nJIY)KHblX), HHTpO,nyKII.IUI H3 ,npeBHHX
IJ,eHTpOB
KyJlhl':YpHbIx 'pacTeHHH. OCHoBHbIe XJIeOHble SJlaKH - nurean-
na Ii
~lJMeHb
- CTaJIU oasofJ: )J.peBHei'IllUIX
3eMJIe~e.nbqeCKH
X
UHBHJIf}saUHH
aa
aanane
Craporo
Csera
(Tlepeaaaa U CPeA-
HlUI
As
I:UI, B Cpeaaaesnroaopi,c), pRC -
rra
BOCTOKe
H tore
(Kiro-Bocrcsnas, BOCTOlJHaH H
IO)KU3H
ASH}'!) ,
MallC
H 60-
60Bble
- B HOBOM CBeTe (MeSQaMep.HKa H aHACKHe crpa-
HbI).
B sacyWJIHBOH SOHe
nporpecc
3. B HHTeHClfBHoti:
¢opMe
ObIJI CBHS3H C paSBHTHeM HppHraUHOtIHOH TeXHIIKH.
Ha
pas-
HUHax
DOJlHBHOe
(HppHraII.HOHHoe) 3.
OCHOBaRO
aa xpynnux
CIICTeMax KaHaJIOB C naBo,nKOBbIM, CaMOTelJHhIM HJlH
lJHfnp-
f:lhlM opoureaaex. B SOHe
rap
H
npenropaa
BbIBO)J.
BO)J.bI
na
nOJI}'! ocyutecrananca He60JJbUlHMH CHCTeMaMH, c noxoursro
cTpyeHanpaBJUIIOI.LI.HX
~aM6
HJIII IIo.u.3eMHblX K5.lpIi30B.
. . PaSBHTHe HHTeHCHBHoro
opotnaestoro ,3. B nonnaax pex
rertnoro
noaca
(B
.upeBHeM
,LLBype'lhe
II
EnlIITe),
HeCKOJlbKO
nosnnee
- B oacceaae HHJl.a, a eute noazuree - B
oacceHHe
XyaHXEl n AMy.u.aphH
CTaJIO
BOSMO)KHblM
npa
YCJI0BHH
opra-
HM3aUHH
xpyrmoro
sonnoro
X035.11'kTsa
, COBepweHCTBOBaHH}{
pu.npOTeXHHlJeCKlIX
Cpe.u.CTB
pervnapoaaaua naBop,KOB,
npo-
rpecca
nOJIeBo.nCTBa H ceJleKI..\HH KYJIbTYPHbIX
pacreaaa.
He
-
CJle,nOBaHHH
apxeOJIOrOB BbUlBJ{JlU
aaecs
onpeaeaeanae
ROp-
peJI}{THBHhIe
CBH3H
Me2K,!I;y
xapaxreposr
TeXHHKH
apparauaa
(aanpaaep,
B XopeSMCKOM
oasuce)
II
nepexonou OT
nepso-
OblTHOCTn K
KJlaCCOBOMY
(oomHHHo-pal5oBJIa.neJIbqeCKOMY)
oeutecrsy,
a OT
Hero
- K q,eo.naJIH3MY
caoeoepaaaon
BOCTO'tJ-
HOH
¢OpMhI.
'
Opouraexoe 3. saBHCHT 01'
xapaxrepa
BO.nRblX HCroqHH-
KOB,
n09ToMY
cyuiecrsyror OOJlblIlHe pa3JlH"IH}{ B Tpa,nHUHoH-
HOH
HppHraUHH
p33HhIX npHpO,UHhIX
SO
H
(u
anpaxep,
rop,
rtpenropak
, paBHHH) H paSJIHlJHbIX llCTOpHKO-KYJIhl'ypHhIX
06JfaCTe:li.
B
npenropsax
H B SOHe
rop
opocnrensnsre
CHCTe
·
MbI MeHee
auaxarensusr
H
COXP3HHIOTCH
npocrue
npnexu
opouraeuoro
3.,
BOCxo.nHIUue K
rJlyooKoH
.u.peBHOCTII. OAUO-
p330Boe
HCnO.IIbSOBaHHe BO,n MeCTHoro CT0Ka BCTpelJaeTC5I H
na
panaarrax
apU,!I;HOH:
30lIbI
B
cpene
nonyocenxoro
H KOlle-
soro
ca,nOBO.1LlJeCKO-3eMJle.1LeJlhqeCKOrO
UaCeJleHHH.
B
xaxecrse
Han60JJee pa3BHTbIX
CHCTeM
3. B ¢eo.naJlbHOH:
Espone
BOSHHKJIO
'
rpexnonsaoe
3. c Qepe.1LOBaHHeM: 03H-
Mble -
apoasre
- y.u.o6pelIHbIH
nap,
3 B $eo,naJIbHOM
KH-
rae
- .nJlHTeJJbHoe nOJIeBo.nCTBO C I'IHTeHCHBHbIM OpOll1eHHeM
H
yp.o~peHHeM
.
C HaqaJlOM K3nHTaJlH3Ma 06paOOTKa
n04Bbl
B
B~COKopaSBHTWX
CTpauax
xapaKTepH
3yeTc~
B03paCTaID.
~eH
MeXaHfl3aIJ,Hefi H XHMHsaUHeH
C
~JlhCKorQ
xosaacraa.
+f
3THorpaqlll5.1 Bbl,neJlHeT
OCHOBHbte
Tlm~
3.
npe.HMYUleC1"~
HHO
no
rJIaBHbJM OpYAHHM IlpOHSBO)J.CTBa, a HMeHHO
no
.s a-
IfllIiIO
rUTH
OTCyTCTBlI1O
naXOTHhIX opynaa,
06pa60
,TI{a nos-
ges
npHMeHeHIHI naXOTHbIX
0PY./I.HH
, HJlII )Ke
6ecllJlY)K-
:fi)e 3., opej:(CT3BJlReT C060H reHeTHlJeCKH
If
acropusecxa'tio-
~
e
.npeBHIIH: THn. B aacroauiee BpeM5I 3TOT THO npencraa-
~H
y cpaBHUTeJlbHO ManOlJIICJleH-HbIX aaponon
TpOIlllqeC~OH
Hbl B
AMepHKe,
lO)KHOH H lOro-BocTOI-IHOH
A3lIH,
llIHpOKO
acnpocrpanen
B
A¢pHKe,
K tory OT Caxapsr, H B
OKeaH!Ui.
H asrcrynaer B
BH,!I;e
nO)J.celJHO-OrHeBOrO 3., pysnoro CTa-
,HJIbHOrO
3. oe3 rroncexu,
anorna
C
nepBlIlJHb
IMH ·¢ opMar.lH
pnrauaa
(y pana napoaos
BOCTO"IHOH
HH.n:oHe
slilI)
)I
.C
cnOJlb30BaHHeM
,!I;JlH
pblXJIeHH5I SeMJlH
nporona
c
rana
eKO-
'8
no
BJla)KHOMY IIOJllO
(TaM
xce). l(JlaCCHqeCKHH
napaaar
~
q H
O
r
O
3. C
xpparauaen
aa
r
eppacax
naror
H¢yrao
C1>HJIIill-
Im
~
Caoeoopasuue
¢OPMhI
pYlJHOrO
3.
C
appnraunell
H
~e3
nee CJIO}l{HJlHCh B ropusrx 06JIaCT5!X Tponnxecxof
AMe~
UKH.
Bewnedenue natuennoe (3. 0.) B03HlIKJlO
nepsou
av
ans
-
o H8
ocotio
JlerKIIX
H
TIJlO.nOPO,nHhlX
aJlJIIOBnaJlhHbIX
no-max
8
,nOJIHHaX
xpynrretiuntx
pex
-
HHJl3,
Tarpa H Eatppara,
HAa,
noannee
- AMy.u.aphH , Cupnapi,a,
51HI..\3b1
n
XyaHX3.
o
Mepe
COBeprneHCTBOBaHH5I
113XOTHbIX
Opy,nHH CT8nOBH-
OCh B03MO)KHbIM HX
npnxeaeune
aa
OOJJee
nl>KeJJWX J[ Me·
ee
nnonoponnux
nonsax.
A.n.anTaUH5.I K MeCTHbIM
yCJIOBHHM
p JiMaTa 1I
rrojrs
nopona
na
orpounoe
paanooopa
aae
epOPM,
npY)i.HH
IT
npnexon
CYXO./I.OJlhHorO
II
nOJIHBHOrO 3.
TI.
3. IT.
npencraanaer
coooH
oOMe
BbICOKYIO
creneas
pas-
f HTH
5!
3.
110
cpaanemno
c pytIHbIM 3.; HCTOpH'IeCKH - 9TO
~HH
Tes
pYlJHOrO
(HJIll
na.IIOlJHO-MOTbl/l{HOro) 3.
co
CICOT08()O~
T80J1!. OCHOBaHHhle H3 ocezmov 3. n. x03Hii:cTBeHHo-KYJIb-
pasre
TIInbJ B
na-raae
XX
B. 6blJlH UlUpOKO
pacnpocrpane-
FihI B
TeOJfOM
(cycrponasecxoa).
yMepeHHoM
Ii
OTQaCTH
B
apxox
noscax
EBpa3Hu,
GeBepHOH: AepPHKH H
AMepuKH.
e COBceM
5ICeH
sorrpoc,
ObIJlIl JIB
naxoruste
opynas
1l306pe-
a-
eHhI B
O.nHOM
npesueaeanenensuecxoa
ouare
UJfH )Ke OHn
bIJlH H300peTeHbI caMOCTOHTeJIbliO pa3HbIMH
naponaxa.
Ap
-
eOJlOrHlJeCKHe, HKOHorpaepH'IeCKHe, a OTlJaCTH
Ii
nHCbMeH-
hIe
HCTOlJHHKH
CBlI)J.eTeJJbC
,iBYIOT
cxopee
acero
0 TOM, 'ITO
~
~
r
JI
O
B
Y
JO
oIJIy
.1LOMaUIH
Hx )KHBOTHbIX
npn
naxore
aaxamr
rpHMeHHTb
pansure
acero
(xoneu
IV - HalJaJIO
III
TbICHlJeJle-
'Tln I
no
'H. 3
.)
B
MeconOTaMHH
H B
nonnne
Hrrna. '
, B
MeconOTaMllH,
110
MHeHHJO
narcxoro
apxeonora
'Ia..
Creenceepra,
rrxyry
npenurecraoeana
MOTblfO:'JlOnaTa C
KaMeffHOH
paoo<Jef/
sacrt.to
.
,LLJlH
npol}eJle
}-nr~
0POCHT~JibRtlTX
4q