Braibant S., Giacomelli G., Spurio M. Particles and Fundamental Interactions: An Introduction to Particle Physics

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496 Index

Right-handed

lepton, 204

particle, 224

Rise time, 31, 37

Rishons, 397

Rosenbluth formula, 274

Rosenbluth, M., 272

R-parity, 394

R-process, 452, 454

Rubbia, C., 220

Running of the coupling constant, 317

Rutherford

elastic scattering, 95

formula, 95

scattering, 93, 270, 422

Rutherford, E., 95, 417, 422, 437, 441,

444

Sakharov, A.D., 347

Sargent, B.W., 442

Sargent rule, 189

Scalar potential, 465

Scale breaking effect, 293

Scaling

Bjorken, 290

invariance violation, 291

Scattering

amplitude, 105

angle, 95

S-channel, 151

Schr

odinger

equation, 79

representation, 115

Schwartz, M., 198

Schwinger, J., 78

Scintillation

counter, 30, 34, 203

detector, 34

Scintillator, 34

inorganic, 36

organic, 36

plastic, 36

Sea quark, 136, 172, 267

Second Fermi golden rule, 85

Second quantization, 78

Segr

e, E., 143

Selection rules, 121

for nonleptonic decays, 210

Semiconductor, 37

detector, 38

Semileptonic WI process, 208, 209

Sfermion, 395

Shell

correction, 15

model, 429

Shock wave, 39

Short baseline experiment, 380

Singlet spin state, 196

SLAC. See Stanford Linear Accelerator Center

(SLAC)

Slepton, 392

SNO experiment, 373

Solar neutrino, 368, 373

problem, 373

Solar System, 454

Solid angle, 40, 55

Space-like photon, 91

Space phase, 122

Spark chamber, 33

Spatial resolution, 31, 32

Spectator, 31, 32

jet, 268

quark, 103

Spectroscopy of heavy mesons, 237

Spherical harmonics, 120

Spin, 110

magnetization, 203

quantization, 177

space, 159

statistics, 118, 161

Spinor, 81, 227

Spin-orbit interaction, 430

Spin-parity, 122

Spiral galaxy, 404, 405

Spontaneous

ﬁssion, 445

symmetry breaking, 314, 325

S-process, 452

Squark, 392

Stability, 110

valley, 419

Stable

nuclei, 416

particles, 2

Standard deviation, 46

Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC),

229, 234, 239, 249, 277

Standard Model, 220, 254, 347

of Microcosm, 9, 313

Standard Solar Model, 371

Star, 7

Static quark model, 135, 157, 170

Steinberger, J., 198

Stellar

gravitational collapse, 401

nucleosynthesis, 414, 453, 454

Index 497

Strangeness, 4, 61, 135, 154

conservation, 154

eigenstate, 349

oscillation, 350

Strange particle, 60, 154

decay, 154, 208

production, 156

Strassmann, F., 445

String theory, 397

Strong

coupling constant, 296

hypercharge, 158

interaction, 1, 101, 106

isospin, 54

Structure function, 267, 268

Supergravity (SUGRA), 386, 392, 397

SuperKamiokande experiment, 378

Supernova, 454

Superposition model, 304

Supersymmetric theory, 392

Supersymmetry (SUSY), 386, 392

Surface term, 427

Symmetry group, 317

Synchrocyclotron, 49

Target jet, 268

Tau neutrino, 199

Taylor, R.E., 277

T-channel, 214

Temperature, 5

Tevatron, 10, 199, 306

Theory-experiment comparison, 86

Thermal equilibrium, 406

Thermal neutron, 446

Third lepton family, 198

Thomson

atomic model, 417

collision, 22

cross-section, 23

formula, 24

Three-body decay, 83

Three neutrino ﬂavor oscillations,

367

Three-prong decay, 69

Threshold detector, 40

Time

projection chamber (TPC), 30

resolution, 31

reversal, 122, 129

Time-like photon, 91

Time-of-ﬂight (TOF), 242

spectrometer, 57

Ting, S., 234

Tomonaga, S., 78

Top quantum number, 159

Total elastic cross-section, 94

Townsend discharge, 33

TPC, 33

Transferred four-momentum, 222

Transition probability, 73, 78, 82, 89, 92

Transuranic nuclei, 416

Trigger, 35

Tunneling effect, 438

Ultimate constituent, 1, 2, 5, 9

Uncertainty, 45

principle, 101

relation, 75

Uncontrolled chain reaction, 447

Uniﬁcation relations, 335

Unit, 30

Unitarity

limit violation, 316

triangle, 359

Unitary

group, 157, 319

matrix, 320, 324

operator, 116

symmetry, 387

transformation, 365

Universality

of fermions, 227

of leptons, 239

quark-lepton, 219

of weak interactions,

187, 211

Unstable

nuclei, 416

particle, 46

particle decay, 46

Uranium ﬁssion, 446

Vacuum

pipe, 50

polarization, 335, 337

Valence quark, 157, 176, 266

van der Meer, S., 220

V–A theory, 207, 222

Vector

boson, 2, 73, 105, 223

boson fusion, 306, 307

interaction, 223

498 Index

Vector (cont.)

meson, 125

potential, 465

Vertex, 86, 154

chamber, 242

factor, 86

Violation

of the baryonic number,

Virtual

particle, 101

transition, 349

Volume term, 427

mass, 262

vector boson, 220

Wave

amplitude, 80

function, 115

intensity, 315

operator, 227

Wavelength, 30

Wave-particle duality, 45

Weak

baryonic current, 227

charge, 103

charged current, 213

current, 223

interaction, 1, 71, 103, 179

neutral current, 213

Weakly Interacting Massive Particle

(WIMP), 406

Weinberg angle, 329, 334, 344

Weinrich, M., 202

Weisskopf formula, 170

Weizsacker formula, 442

WIMP. See Weakly Interacting Massive

Particle (WIMP)

WI process

charged current, 103–105, 180

leptonic, 208

neutral current, 103–105, 180, 217

nonleptonic, 208

semileptonic, 208

Woods–Saxon

distribution, 422

potential, 430

World War II, 137, 183

Wu experiment, 202

Wu, M., 202, 203

X-rays, 7

Yang, C.N., 201, 321

Yukawa, 136, 137

meson, 137

model, 80

Yukawa, H., 4

hadronic width, 250

lifetime, 251

peak, 254

vector boson, 213, 220

width, 250

Zweig, G., 177

Zweig rule, 166