Bourke Ulick J. Aryan Origin of the Gaelic Race and Language

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470

GAELIC

A KEY TO

ANCIENT

HISTORY.

Como)

the

most

distinguished

philosopher

and

scholar

the

age

which

flourished,

or in

any

age,

writer

of natural

history

and as

botanist,

worthy

honour

the

great

Grecian who

is the founder

the school

Natural

History,

Aristotle,

are,

in the

opinion

Zeuss,

Keltic

origin

Addo et

Livius

Plinius

nomina

Gallica

Italice

superioris."

INSTANCES

THE GREAT VALUE OP GAELIC IN

QUESTIONS

HISTORY.

Irish

Gaelic

sets

to rest

the

question

how

Quirites,"

the

old

name

for

the

Sabino-Soman

people,

and

Qui-

rinus,"

and

Quirinal,

is derived. Some

say

the

term

sprang

from

the

name

Cures,"

a town

Sabine

territory,

be-

cause

many

Sabines

had

come

from that

locality.

But all

Keltic

scholars

now know

that the name is

derived

from

a Sabine

word

Curls,

Quiris,

spear

Gaelic

cuir,"

spear

hence

Curaid"

Irish

warrior,

spearman,

Curaid

an CraoiB

rigid,"

the

Knights

tlie

Royal

Branch.

The

warrior-god

of the Sabines was

Quirinus,''

that

is,

the

spear-god

the

people

who served

him?

"Quirites,"

meaning

"warrior-race,"

from

curid,'

heroes,

and

aos,"

race,

class.

Hence

the

Romans

were

addressed

the Senate

House

that

title,

Quirites"

or warrior

comrades

;

the

Quirinal

was

the

ail,"

an elevated site

where the

Sabine

warriors

had,

to the

Romans,

taken

their abode.

Thus

the Gaelic

language

throws

much

light

these

simple

points

historic

interest

regarding

the

Romans,

and

the Gauls

;

the

Romans

and

the

Sabines.

The

view

just

presented

true

;

for

confirmed

the known

laws

and

habits

the Sabine

population.

They

were

divided

into

clans,"

the Gaels

Ireland

;

each

clan

was

separate power

;

it could

make

laws to

regulate

its

THE

SABINES. .

471

own members

;

it had its own

religious

rites

;

could

make

war.

Attus

Clausus

was

the

Ceand"

head of

clan

of five thousand

fighting

men

the Sabine

people.

They

obtained land in

Borne,

and formed

the

nucleus

the

Claudian

Tribe.

The

term

client,

too,

Gaelic,

borrowed

the Romans

from

the

language

their

warrior-citizens,

Claind,"

old

form

for

Olann,"

children.

Now,

from

Clamd" comes

client,

who

bears

patron

the same relation

in a

remote

way

that

chil-

dren do to

father,

head

clan."

THE SABINES WERE

GAELS.

One

the four

stocks

population

out of which

the

mixed

Roman

people

was

made

spoke

tongue

much akin

Welsh

and

Gaelic,

that we are

justified

(says Newman)

extending

the term

Keltic to embrace

this Italian

tribe.

The

Sabines.

too,

used

vocabulary

which was

akin

Gaelic.

fact,

all the

Indo-

European

tongues

none has so

near

a likeness

the

Latin

as the

Gaelic has.

The similarities

Gaelic

Latin are

striking

than

those

Welsh,

although

the

Gaelic

races were at that

time

Ireland,

and were

never

attacked

the

Romans." The

people

Latium

were made

five races the

Pelasgians,

the

Umbrians,

and

Oscans,

the

Sabines and the Siculians.

Each

of these

spoke

Keltic dialect

;

the

Sabine

speech

was

that

most

like to

Gaelic.

few

common

terms

out of hundreds

are

here

pre-

sented

from

the

Sabine

or warrior race

COMMON

TEEMS.

Gaelic.

Latin.

Arm,

Anna.

Baile,

Villa.

Catair,

Castrum.

4:72

HOME,

MEANS

TOWN

ON THE

YELLOW

RIVES.

Claideam,

Gladius.

Gort,

enclosed

space,

Cohors.

garden,

Hortus.

Cata-taBal,

battle-engine

Catapulta.

Fal,

Vallum

Fion,

wine,

Vinum

Laireac

Lorica

Muneal,

neck,

Monile,

necklace

Mur,

old

Irish

(wall)

Murus

Ord,

Ordo.

Rig,

king,

Rex.

Saigead

Sagitta

Sgiath

Scutum

Seanad

Senatus

Sean-aois,

Senex.

Tore,

Torquis.

Treib

Tribus

TarB

Taurus

These few

names

are,

as Newman

observes,

all

native

Keltic,

Gaelic,

while

very

few of

them bear

marks

being

native

to Latin.

A new

language,

the

Latin,

came

forth

from the

depurating

admixture. The

Gaelic

form

was lost

its

strength

and

phonesis

survived

in the Latin.

NAMES

PLACES.

The

names

the

Tyrol,

Helvetia,

Italia,

Rhaetia,

the rivers

Ehine, Rhone, Garonne,

Seine,

Danube,

and

towns

throughout

Europe,

present

Keltic

complexion.

The reader

must be

asked to

read

Zeuss.

Gram.-

Gel.

33.

I.,

Newman's

Rome,

Latham,

PricJiard.

Rome,

Roma

means town on the

Yellow

River-

"ruad"

red,

rufus,

and

"an,

"that

is,

"aban"

river;

for the

Tiber

had at first

been called

llumon,

again

Albula,

and

finally

SCIENTIFIC

VALUE

GAELIC.

473

"Thylris."

The first

name

was that

given

the

earliest

Gaelic

speaking

settlers as is

their

wont

from the nature

of the waters of that

turbid

stream.

The names Romulus

and

Eemus are

evidently

taken,

as Newman

thinks,

from

Roma itself

;

nor

there a

single

fact

concerning

either

of these

personages

which has

the

slightest pretence

to be

called

historical."

Romulus, then,

means

Hero-of-Rome,

from

Roma,"

and

"laoc,"

a hero

;

Laoc

is found

the

Etruscan

title of

dignity,

Lucu-mo,"

hero-man

; laoc,

hero;

and

"mo"

man,

person

found

ne-mo,"

no-man

;

ho-mo,"

the man.

Remus is derived

from

the

Gaelic

Reim,"

power,

sway,

for he is

represented

one

wishing

to rule

over

Romulus

and

Rome.

The

Tyrol,

(tir

and

ail)

means

hill-country

Helvetia,

hill-land,

high-land

;

Rhodanus,

the

rapid

river

;

from

ro"

rapid,

an" for

aoan,"

river

;

so,

too,

the

Rhenus,

the

King

(rig),

river

;

the

splendid

river. The

term

rig

means,

not

only

king, sovereign,

supreme,

but

very

excellent,

even

this

day

;

for

one

says

Gaelic

Ta se

rig-niait,"

exceedingly good

;

ro-mait,"

over-good. Sequana

(or Seine)

"sec,"

separating, part-

ing,

and "ana"

waters,

for

Paris

separated

into

two,

two

rivers

unite at that

point

Garumna

(Garonne)

from

garti,"

rough,

and

ana"

waters,

account of

its

strong,

billowy

character,

sadly exemplified

just

now

the

destructive

force of

the

rising

floods of June

that

have

devastated the

south of

France.

THE

ASTRONOMICAL VALUE OF KELTIC.

Dia,"

term which under

modified

forms,

Deus,

Theos, Zeus,

Dios,

Dio,

Dieu,

Jove,

the

Indo-Europeans

apply

to the

supreme

Lord of

Heaven

and Earth.

The

sun's

light

regarded

them as

the

symbol

God.

Sub

Dio"

means either

the

open

day,

under

474

BAYS

THE

WEEK.

God. The Keltic

races,

regarding

the

sun-light

the

sign

God's

majestic

presence,

called the

day by

the

same name

as that

which

they styled

the

supreme

Being

Himself

Dia."

The name

day

(Dia)

and the

name

of God

(Dia)

are alike

in Irish

Gaelic. In

Latin,

which

cousin

Gaelic,

the

names of

God and of

day

differ

very

little Dies

(day)

;

Deus

(God.)

"Luan,"

is the old

Gaelic

for

moon,

perhaps

because that

Satellite

quickly

(luat) changeable,

and

ever

varying

;

"Mart"

the

Irish

Mars

(Martis)

;

"Cedem" is the

Gaelic of

Mercury

(Latin)

;

Hermes

(Greek)

Woden,

or Oden of

the

Germans

;

Tordan"

thunderer,

the

name

Gaelic of

Jove,

thunder-

ing,

root-" Toran

Tonans, toran,

noise,

toirneac,"

thunder

;

Thor

(German

and

English)

am,"

beauty,

the

goddess

queen

beauty,

hence the

Irish Venus.

Saturn,"

Saturn

;

Sol,"

Sol

(Latin)

the

sun

suil,"

eye

;

saoil," think,

(that

is,

see

mentally.)

Irish, "Dialuam,"

Monday

(moonday)

;

French,

Lun-di;

Latin,

dies

lunce.

Irish,

Dia

mart,"

Mars'-day

;

Latin,

Dies Martis

French,

mardi

;

German, Tcut,

i.e. Mars

hence Teuton

and

Teutonic,

meaning

warlike

;

English,

Tuesday.

Irish,

"Dia

cedein,"

Wednesday,

that

Woden's

day,

or Odin's

day

;

Latin,

Dies Mercurii

;

French,

mercredi

;

Odin,

Germany,

Cedein" of Ireland.

Irish,

"Dia

Tordam,"

that

is,

the thunderer's

day

Dies

Jovis

;

French,

Jeudi.

Irish,

Dia

aome,"

the

day

ame,"

or the

goddess

beauty

Latin,

Dies

Veneris

;

French,

vendredi.

Irish,

Dia Satuirn

Latin,

Dies

Saturni

;

French

samedi.

Irish,

"Dia

Domnaig

Latin,

Dies

Domini-,

French,

Dimanche,

Lord's

day;

anciently,

Dia

Soil,"

Sunday.

these

names the

days

of the

week

had

been

for

THE SEASONS.

475

number of

past

centuries

known to scholars

;

yet,

Ireland

was

free,

all

the

time,

from

every

inroad

Eomans

foreigners.

Therefore,

she

had taken

these

names

from

earlier

and

higher

authority

than from the

hands

pagan

Eome. Irishmen

must,

therefore,

have

had a

knowledge

astronomy

long

before the nation

received

the

light

faith from

St.

Patrick.

The

terms

"bliadam,"

year

;

and

belteme,"

the month

May,

are

also

names

that

bring

the

reader back

pagan

times,

and

connect

the Irish race with that

which

had dwelt

the

land

which

Daniel

had been

conveyed

into

captivity,

eastward of

Jerusalem to

the

banks

of the

Kiver Chobar.

"Bhadam,"

year,

is derived

from "Bel"

the

god-Bel,

sun,

and

am,"

a circle

that

is,

circle of

the sun

through

the

twelve

signs

the Zodiac.

Saiiiraid,

Summer,

means the warm

season,

from

"sam,"

(pr.

sawv,)

Latin,

suave

;

genii-raid,"

the

sharp

season

;

fogar,"

Autumn,

means

the

booty

(fog)

(ar)

cultivation

;

earrac,'

Spring,

from

eirig,"

arise.

Saiham,"

Novem-

ber,

from

sam-iain,"

end of

warm time.

Lug-nusa,"

Louis' customs

plays, applied

August.

ADOLPHE

PICTET'S PROOF.

remains

point

io another class of

terms,

regarding

which

Monsieur

Adolphe

Pictet

has written

four

hundred

pages

octavo in his

splendid

work Les

Origines

Indo-

Europeennes

le^

Aryas

Primitifs.

Paris,

1859.

The

names refer not

only

to the

year

and the seasons

Summer,

Winter,

Autumn,

and

Spring

but

snow,

sneact

frost, "sioc;"

and

ice,

oidir

heat,

teas

cold,

fuact,"

the

seas,

"mara,"

mountains,

sleiBte,"

cliffs,

"aill

glens,

gleanta

;" rocks,

corraig

valleys,

"fala;"

the

winds,

"gaot;"

and

waves,

tonna

the

waters,

"uisge,"

and

tides,

"tuile;"

the

courses

476

ADOLPHE

PICTET'S PROOF.

waters

;

srut

alJan,"

an,"

a!5,"

aw,"

and

names

several

rivers, lakes,

and fountains.

The natural

his-

tory,

too,

of the

minerals

is not

forgotten

gold,

"or;"

silver,

airgead

;" iron,

mran

brass,

pras

copper,

uma

tin,

stan

lead

luad."

The trees and

plants

;

the

names of the

different

parts

tree,

plant,

flower

;

the

different

species

and names

special

kinds are

analysed,

and the

philological

value

of each term

compared

with that

which

in other

languages

the

object

known,

are

con-

trasted.

The

animals,

wild

and

tame,

foreign

and

domestic;

the

reptiles

fish, mollusks,

and

insects

are

brought

be-

fore

the

readers's

view,

even

all

kinds of

creatures,

the

beasts of the

earth,

and all the fowls of the air

were

brought

before

the

view

of Adam

Paradise,

who

gave

each

name

according

to its

kind.

This

portion

Monsieur

Pictet's

work is full of

interest,

and adds im-

mensely

to the

proof

that the

Irish Gaelic

language

and

race

are

certainly

Aryan

origin.

FK,AZEB,'s

MAGAZINE.

Just

as this

page

being

prepared

for the

press,

the

July

number

Frazer's

Magazine

comes

into

the

hands

of the

writer.

Casting

glance

over its

pages,

the

eye

rests

article

headed,

The Ancient

Irish,"

which

the

following

words occur :

"Happily

are not

left to the dim

and

deceiving

light

these

legends

as our

only guide

through

the

obscure

maze

Irish

ethnology.

The

dialect

the

old

Keltic

language

spoken by

the

Gaedel,

studied

in its relation to-

other Keltic

dialects,

and

the other

languages

Europe

;

the

pagan

deities

they

worshipped,

the

weapons

of war

they

employed,

their habits of

life and

physical

characteristics,

all

furnish

valuable and conclusive evi-

dence

the real

place

of the

nation

among

the

peoples

FRAZER'S MAGAZINE.

477

of old

Europe."

That is

testimony

favor of

the

value

Keltic

names as

philological

boulders of

historic

interest.

The

writer of the

article

Frazer

so far

reasons

one who

has

bestowed

pains

the

study

philology,

and has

begun

to form

idea of

its

value

matters

of historic

research.

Ethnology,

too,

as a

science,

recognises

twin

sister,

and

palaeology

comes

for

fair

praise.

These three

sciences

are

certainly

cousins,

perhaps

sisters,

for

they mutually

support

and

strengthen

their

respective

discoveries. It

"is

perfectly

true, then,

say

that the dialect

of the old Keltic

language,

spoken by

the

Gaidel,

and

compared

with

the

other

languages

Europe;

that

the

physical

charac-

teristics

of the

people,

the

weapons

war

which

they

employed

all

furnish valuable

and

conclusive evidence

to the real

place

the

Gael

amongst

the

peoples

old

Europe.

What

surprises

one,

then,

very

much

just

a few

sentences

after that

statement,

that the

immigration

known as

the Tuatha

Dannan to

Eire

some

sixteen

hundred

years

before

the

Christian

era,

myth

;

that

the

immigration

the Keltic

race,

known

Irish

annals

Fir

Boilg,"

men of

rotund

set

form,

bag-men,"

Belgse,

men

carrying

quivers,"

devoted

the

worship

(Bel)

Beal,

myth.

That

very

strange

statement from

any

one

professing

to be a

scholar.

The

deduction it

quite illogical

from

the

reasoning

and

from the

premises

for

reasons out the

subject

Ire-

land's

ancient race

either from historical

data,

such as

the

annals

of the

people

supply

;

on scientific

principles,

such

those

on which

comparative

grammar,

ethnology,

and

antiquities

rest

;

on both

these

grounds.

If he treats

the

question

scientifically,

then

comes,

according

to his own

statement,

to the

conclusion,

that

478

SCIENTIFIC

CERTAINTY.

these sciences furnish

valuable and

conclusive

evidence

as to the

real

place

the

Gaelic

nation

amongst

the

peoples

of old

Europe.

From

these

sciences it

certain

that

people

came

some four

thousand

years

ago,

period

even

before

the time

Abraham had

left

of the

Chaldeans,

from the

country

between the

Euphrates

and

the

Hindus;

is certain

that

from

time to

time for

centu-

ries

afterwards,

migratory

bands came

westward

from

the

same

eastern

lands

and took

their

abode

Southern

and

in Northern

Europe,

and

some

the

same

people

pro-

ceeded

thence,

different

routes,

Ireland.

All

this

certain.

The

landing

these

migrations

the

shores

lerne is

no mere

conjecture

;

matter of

scientific

certainty.

quite

true,

however,

that

the

names of

these

migratory

bodies of the

Keltic

family

Belgian,

Dannan,

anything

else is unknown

from

scientific

point

investigation.

They may

have

been

Firboilg,"

men

any

other kind or

character,

Tuatha

Dannans.

Science

does not

say

what

name

they

were

known.

Science

simply

declares that

there

were

such

migrations.

Objectively,

therefore,

they

were

not

myths.

II.

matters

little

what

name

they

are

called.

he treat

the

question

one of

history

such

history

our

annals

furnish

regarding

the

early

Irish

race

cannot

assert

that the Dannan race and

the

Firboilg"

race

are

myths.

Their

reality

supported

strong

historical

tradition.

sliall

be seen

farther

that

such

universal

tradition

good testimony

favour of

the

sub-

stantial

truth

great

events.

The

names

are

probably

value

;

the

expression

the

writer

the

Fraser

best

vague,

and calculated

lead

astray

the

growing

minds

youthful

scholars.

In one

word,

then,

both

from science

and

from

Irish

history

certain

that

there were

migrations

to Ireland

all

Keltic

very

MAN

WITHOUT A

SOUL,

479

early periods

: what

these

migrations

were

name,

Dan-

nan

Belgic,

both,

neither,

does not

make

much

matter

the

present

race

themselves.

Such

scholars

Niebuhr

and

Frederick

Augustus

Wolf

have

done much

good

the

fields of

Roman

history

and of

Grecian

literature. Their

doubts,

like the

Apostle

Thomas's

disbelief,

have benefited

thousands,

and

have'

furnished

solid

foundation

for

the

certainty

the

superstructure

knowledge.

With

some

less

learned,

it is not

unusual

even

in this

country,

doubt of

things

that

sensible

man could have

any

doubt

about.

A certain

youth

coming

from the

halls of

those

colleges

where

uncertainty

substituted

for

knowledge

and

doubt

for

faith,

said at one time

the

hearing

the

present

writer,

that

he would

not

believe

anything

but

what

he had seen.

Well, then,"

said

some one in

him,

"you

cannot believe

you

have had

grandfather,

for

you

have never

seen

the

good

man,

and

you

certainly

cannot believe

that

you

have

soul,

for

you

have

never

seen it. You must

believe that

you

have

soul.

You

cannot

believe

that

there is

such

place

as America or

Australia,

for

you

have

never

been

these

countries." To

believe

is to rest

conviction

the

truthful

authority

of another.

One

believes

that

there

is such

city

Rome,

although

may

never

have seen

it,

because

the amount of

authority

assuring

him that

there

is such

city

is so

strong

that

cannot

refuse

be convinced

of the truth

proposed

him.

Faith

comes

hearing

;

knowledge

comes

from

seeing

with

the

eye

the

body

or of

the

mind.

Human

belief

rests on human

testimony

;

divine

faith,

divine

testi-

mony

that of

Christ,

the

Holy

Spirit.

The

science

exegetics

demands

that

due

regard

paid

to the times and

places

recorded,

and

the

authors

and