Bourke Ulick J. Aryan Origin of the Gaelic Race and Language
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400
KINEVEH AND
NEW
YORK.
The
houses
in
these
squares
raised
to
the
height
of
four
or
five
stories,
were,
for
the
sake
of
cleanliness
and
sufficient
ventilation,
and
for
the
purpose
conducive
to
health,
a
point
so much looked
to at the
present
time,
not
joined
in
a
row,
but
separate
or
apart,
like
the
country
re-
sidences
or mansions of
the
wealthy
adjoining great
cities.
Each
house
was ornamented
on the
side
fronting
the
street;
each mansion had
its own
separate
parterres,
gardens,
yards,
outhouses,
and
every
accommodation
which
the
laws
of
hygiene
suggest
or the
promptings
of
a refined
and luxurious taste dictate.
For
an
account of
the
quays
and
bridges,
the
lakes and
fountains,
and
the means
employed
to
bring
water
to each
house,
and to
irrigate
the
plain
;
for a
description
of the
hanging
gardens,
built
to
gratify
Amytis,
daughter
of
As-
tyages,
King
of
the
Medes,
and
raised
in
tiers,
one
above
the
other,
in
form
of
terraces
elevated on
pillars
and
arches
to
the
height
of 350
feet
;
each
garden,
a
square
of
which
the side
was
four hundred
feet,
and
containing
all
kinds
of
trees,
plants,
flowers,
animals.*
For a
de-
scription,
too,
of the
temple
of
Belus,
the
wealth of
which
is
calculated
by
Diodorus to
have been
equal
in
value
to
twenty-two
millions of
pounds
sterling
the learned
reader
is
referred
to
Quintus Curtius,
to
Diodorus,
and
Josephus.
A
very
excellent account is
furnished
by
Rollin
in Book
iii.
History of
the
Assyrians.
Take
a view
of
Nineveh
or
the
City
of
Ninus,
son
of
Nimrod
or
Belus,
and husband
of
Seniiramis,
which was
built
on
the eastern
bank
of the
Tigris,
and had been
nineteen
miles
long
by
eleven wide. When the
prophet
Jonas
sent
by
God,
went
to
preach
to the
people
of
that
vast
city,
sacred writ
tells us that
"
it
was an exceed-
ingly
great
city
of three
days'
journey."
PALEOLOGY
ANOTHER
SOURCE
OP
KNOWLEDGE.
401
those of
Babylon.
History
says
that its walls
were
100
feet
high,
and so
thick
that three
chariots
could
go
abreast
with ease
upon
the summit.
Fifteen hundred
Towers,
two hundred
feet
high,
adorned and
fortified them.
The
pillars
of
Persepolis,
still
standing
;
the
remains
of
Ecbatana
;
the
grand
palaces
of
Karnac and
Luxor,
with
the ruins
of
Memnonium,
near
Thebes
;
the
inscrip-
tions found on
the
Pyramids
along
the
Nile
;
the Tablets
of
Umbria
and
Samnium
;
the excavations
going
on
just
at
present",
and
which
for the
past
five
years
have been
made in the Plain
of
Troy,
and the Mound of
Hissarlik,
prove beyond
all
doubt
that the
people
of the
very
earliest
periods
had,
in
knowledge
of the arts and
sciences,
been
far
and
away
superior
to those who succeeded
them,
and
to
those who
came
immediately
before
the
time when the
Sun
of
Christianity
arose,
spreading
its
light
on the
face
of a
benighted
world.
PALEOLOGY ANOTHER
SOURCE
OF
KNOWLEDGE.
Now-a-days
men
are
found
who
do
not
credit
the
in-
spired
record
of
the Jewish
Lawgiver
and
historian,
Moses.
It is
fortunate,
as
if
to
confound the
incredulity
of
such
people,
that
within the
past
four
score
and
ten
years
a
light
quite
unforeseen has
beamed
on
the
early
history
of
mankind.
In
the
year
1797,
some
engineers
in
the
French
army
made excavations for
the
purpose
of
building
a
fort
near
the
Egyptian city,
Rosetta,
in
the
Delta,
through
which
the Nile
discharges, by
many
open-
ings,
its
waters
into
the Mediterranean. Some
feet
below
the
surface
the men
employed
found
a
slab
of
basalt
stone,
three
feet
long,
by
two
and a-half
wide,
covered
with
strange
writing
and
hieroglyphical
characters.
The
French
were soon
after beaten
at
Alexandria
by
the
Eng-
lish,
and this slab was
given
up
to
the
British
commander,
A2
402
WONDERS
RECORDED
BY
THE
SLAB
OF
BASALT
and
conveyed
by
him to
London.
It
contained a
memorial
written
in three
forms
of
speech
in
hieroglyphics,
in
Koptic
or
Egyptian,
and
in
Greek.
A
key
to
the
inter-
pretation
of
the
hieroglyphic symbols
was
discovered
by
Thomas
Young
(1773-1829),
already
famous as the
ad-
vocate
of
the
undulatory theory
of
light,
as
opposed
to
that of
emission
propounded
by
Newton.
To
him,
and
to J.
F.
Champollion (1790-1831)
and
sen,
M.
Cham-
pollion,
is
due the
glory
of
deciphering
the
monumental
records
of ancient
Egypt.
Max
Muller,
in
his
Lectures?
second
volume,
points
out
how
this
work
was
pushed
on
until
every
sentence
and
syllable
of the hidden
characters
became
plainly
revealed.
This was a wonderful
success.
These
records
tell
that,
not
in
Babylon
alone,
nor
on
the
banks
of
the
Tigris,
had
wonders
been
done in
the
art
of
building
;
but
at
Thebes of
a
hundred
gates
(Iliad
v.
381,
L.
1.)
in
Upper
Egypt
;
in
the
Palaces to
the
East
and
West
and
North
of that famous
pagan
city
;
in
the
pyramids
and
obelisks wonders in the art
of
painting
and
sculpture;
of
dyeing, colouring,
and
of
writing,
which
exist
to
this
day
had the
splendid
abilities of
Egyptian
Kings
and
men
of science been attested before
the
world.
What
was
Thebes ?
The
grandest
city,
either
now or
then,
in the
world;
from each of
its
hundred
gates,
his-
torians
say,
that
it
could send
forth,
at
once,
two
hundred
chariots,
and
ten
thousand
fighting
men.
In
the
vicinity
of
Thebes,
the
ancient
capital
of
Egypt,
stand
the
wonderful
ruins of
the
ancient
palaces
Karnac
and-
Luxor,
and
the
Mcmnonium.
Karnac
surpasses
in
grandeur
every
structure
in
ancient
Thebes,
or
in
the
world.
The
approach
to
Karnac is
by
a
long
avenue of
Sphinxes,
the
longest
of
its kind in
Egypt,
leading
to a
succession
of
portals
with
colossal
statues
in
front.
These
are
remarkable,
even
by
the
variety
of
the
materials
in
GRANDEUR
OF
THE PALACES OF
KARXAC.
403
they
are
cut.
Stone,
like
marble,
and
variegated
limestone,
rose-coloured
and
black marble o
Syene,
have
all been
used
in their
structure.
There are
two
obelisks,
one
ninety-one
feet
high,
adorned with
sculptures,
perfect
even
to this
day
in their
execution.
The
principal
hall
of
the
palace
to
be seen
at
this
hour
by
travellers,
is
318
feet
long
and
160
broad,
with
a
roof
supported
by
136
columns,
seventy
feet
high
and
36 feet
thick.
Now this
immense
hall leads
into
a
court where
there are four
obe-
lisks
and
twelve colossal
figures.
Two
other
courts,
of
the
same
kind,
lead to the
apartments
of
the
Kings.
Ad-
jacent
to
the Palace
are
many
other
extensive build-
ings
of
the same
style.
(See
description
in
Rollin's
Ancient
History
;
also
History of
Egyptian
Antiquities,
by
Cassell,
London.)
The
entrance
to
the
Palace of
the
Luxor,
about
two
miles
from
Karnac,
is of the
same
character.
The effect
of
these
ruins on
the mind of the
traveller
looking
on
even
now
is
that
of
awe
and
sublimity.
He
seems
like one
who
treads,
not
as
Moore
describes
"
The
Banquet
Hall
deserted,"
but
like
one
conducted
through
the
halls
of
giant
palaces,
where
demi-gods
had
revelled in
luxury
;
and where
men
of
science
and
art
had
displayed,
with
princely
profusion,
the
resources
of
mighty
minds
and
primeval
power.
The
writer
will not
describe
the
Pyramids
those
stupendous
monuments
of human
labour
and
engineering
skill.
They
are
sufficiently
well
known
to most
scholars
of
the
present
time.
At
Lower
Egypt,
between
Memphis
and
Heliopolis
there
are
three
pyramids, pronounced
to
be
the
wonder of
the world. There
are
in all
one
hundred
and
eighty
pyramidal
structures,
it
is
said,
strewn
along
the
banks of
the
Nile,
from
Heliopolis
up
as far
its
Ethiopia.
Some are
built
entirely
of
stone.
The
names
404
WHAT
THE
PYRAMIDS
TELL.
o
the
Kings
who erected
them,
and the
dates
in
whicli
they
flourished
have
been
wrought
in
symbolic
characters
on
the
stones
or
bricks.
The
stones
employed
in
the erec-
tion of
the
Pyramids
were taken from
oile
quarry
in
the
Lybian
chain
of
mountains,
which,
west
of
the
River
Nile,
raise
their heads
to the
skies.
The
huge
pillars
of
granite,
one
hundred
and
twenty
feet
long,
ten
in
breadth,
and
eight
in
depth,
were
hewn,
then
squared,
chiseled,
and carried'
some
hundreds of
miles
on
rafts
at
times even
against
the
current,
and
raised
to
heights
varying
from one
hundred to four
hundred
and
fifty
feet. One
of the
Pyramids
at
Mem-
phis
is
four hundred
and
fifty
feet in
height
containing
thirty-three
millions
of
cubic
feet of
mason work
and
covers
thirteen
acres
of surface.
Thus
Egypt
stands
in
her
Pyramids
a
perennial
land-
mark
in
the
domain
of
the
world's
histoiy,
connecting
the
period
of
the
deluge
with the
present.
Take
away
the
records
written
by
the
pen
of
Moses,
there
still remain
the
Pyramids,
raising
their
heads above all
passing
mists,
and
proclaiming
the
story
of
the
knowledge,
and the
fckill,
and
the
practical
power
of
the
immediate
posterity
of
Noah
and his
children.
Scholars
of
the
present day
are
enabled,
through
their
knowledge
of
hieroglyphical
science,
to
understand,
to
read,
and
to translate the
history
of
the
past greatness
of
Egyptian
power.
Within
the
Pyramids,
still
greater
proofs
of
early
knowledge
and
civilisation
have
been
found;
statues,
paintings,
figures
sculptured
in
stone;
hundreds
of
thousands
of
glass
images
;
glass
coloured
in
the
process
of manufacture
;
earthen
jars
;
mummies in
millions
;
woven
textile
;
linen fabrics
of
the
finest
and
most won-
derful
kind
;
measures
j squares;
all
pointing
out with
THE
GREAT
CIVILIZATION
OF
THE KELTIC
RACE. 405
a voice
to
the
ears
of men
of
science,
louder
and clearer
than
if
the
Pharoes'
and
Josephs'
had
again
arisen
from
the
tombs,
to
tell
the
living
generations
of
the
glories
of
the
Egyptians,
and
their
perfect
mastery
of
the
arts
and
sciences.
TO
SUM
FP.
The
ruins of
Nineveh,
of
Ecbatana,
and
to
some
extent,
those
of
Babylon,
are
a
proof,
to-day,
of the
knowledge
of
the
art
of
buildiug
possessd
by
the descendants
of
Sem.
The
Pyramids
and
the
palaces
at
Thebes,
and
the
super-
structures
at
Memphis,
show
that the
descendants
of
Cham
were
not inferior
in
knowledge
to those
who
sprung
from
the
race of Sem.
And
certainly
the
cave
temples
of
Persia,
the excavations
in the
Troad,
of
works erected
by
the
Aryan
race,
point
the
proof
that
Japhet's
sons
and
grandsons
had
not
been
inferior
to their cousins
in the
art
of
building.
JN"ow,
it is from
the
eldest son
of
Japhet
the
Keltic
race have
sprung.
It is certain that all
the imme-
diate
descendants
of
Japhet
were
skilled
in the
art
of
building
and
in
the mechanical
arts,
and
in
science,
too.
The
lonians
and all
the
Greeks were
the
descendants
of
Javan,
the
fourth son
j
the
Kelts,
or
Gaels,
(British,
Irish)
are
the
descendants
of
Gomer,
Japhet's
eldest
son.
Amongst
the
earliest
migrations
westward
from
the
Aryan
table
land,
the
Kelts,
according
to
Max
Muller,
and
every
scholar
versed
in
comparative
philology,
were
the
very
first.
Hence,
they brought
with
them
that
knowledge
which
their
forefathers
had
possessed.
Their
language proves
this
fact
;
their
foot-prints
through
Europe
confirm this
statement
;
and
lastly,
the
cyclopean
character,
both
in
size
of
stone,
sloping
shape
of
turret,
of
pillar,
of
window
and
doorway,
point
out
to
a kindred
origin,
if
not in
race,
at
least
in
architectural
training,
which,
it
seems,
had
been
at
the
very
earliest
period
com-
406
MOTIVES
THAT
URGED
THE
ANCIENTS TO
BUILD.
mon
to
the
descendants of
Japhet
(Gomer
and
Javan)
as
f
well
as
to the
descendants
of
Sem and
of
Cham.
WHAT MOTIVE URGED THE
ANCIENTS
TO
BUILD
?
One other
question
remains
to
be
put
and
answered.
Why
did the
ancients
of
the
primeval
period
erect
such
magnificent
monuments
of
intelligent
skill
and of human
power
as
those,
the
remains
of
which are to
be
found to
this
very
hour
by
the
traveller
as he
pursues
his
in-
vestigation
on the
banks
of
the
Euphrates,
of
the
Tigris,
or
the Nile
in
Syria,
in the
Peloponesus,
Etruria or Eire
?
The Hebrew
Law-giver gives
the
reason.
Before
the
the
dispersion,
he tells
us that
the
descendants of
the
sons
of
Noah said
:
"
Come,
let us make
a
city
and a
tower,
the
top
whereof
may
reach to
Heaven
;
and
let
us
make our
name
famous
before
we be
scattered
abroad
over
all the
Earth."
These
words-
of the
inspired
leader of
God's
people
tells
the
world now
that
the
first
fathers
and
founders
of the
kingdoms
of
earth had
been influenced
by
those
human
motives,
which,
to
this
hour,
sway
the
breasts
of
the children
of men
namely,
a
desire
to avoid
death
or
destruction
by
a
second
deluge,
and
to render
their
name
and fame
imperishable
amongst
men.
Motives,
such as
these,
influenced
the
builders
of the
tower,
around
which the
city
of
Babylon
at
a
subsequent
period
was
built. The
descendants of these
famous
builders
inherited
the
skill of
their fathers
;
and
al-
though
dispersed
to the
East and
to the
West,
to the
North
and to
the
South,
they
brought
with
them
the
same
desire
for
glory,
the
same love to render
them-
selves
and their
own names
imperishable.
KINDRED MOTIVES
URGED
THEIR
DESCENDANTS.
There is
not the
shadow
of a
doubt but that
all
those
who
emigrated
from
the cradle
home
either
to
Syria,
or
to
WHY
THE BOUND TOWERS
WEUE
BtTILT
407
Palestine,
and
to
Armenia,
or to the East as
far
as the
Hindus,
and
beyond
it,
or
turning
southward
to
Egypt,
along
by
the
Nile,
or to
Europe,
Greece, Etruria, Eire,
had been
influenced
by
the same desire to
render their
names
imperishable
and
themselves,
as
far
as
could
be,
immortal.
These
motives would have been
sufficiently
strong
to
urge,
in
after
years,
the leaders of the
different
migratory
bands of
pre-historic
peoples
to
settle
down,
as
they
did,
and erect Pillar
Towers
monuments like
to
those,
but not
quite
so
massive,
that
they
had
seen
built in the
cradle-land
of
their
race.
A
portion
of the
descendants of
Gomer,
in
successive
emi-
grations,
came
across
through Europe
and
founded
a
colony
in
Ireland.
This fact rests for
its
certainty
on
the
teach-
ing
of
comparative
philology.
The
best
philologists
in
Europe proclaim
that
the
Kelts were the
first who
had
emigrated
from
Asia.
MacFirbis,
in
his
Book of
Genea-
logies,
says
:
"
There
came
no
colony
into Eirinn
but
from the
eastern
world."
They
were
thoroughly
ac-
quainted
with
the
science of
architecture
and with
the
art
of
building.
Their
breasts were
actuated
with
the
same
motives a
desire to
be
famous,
and
to
avoid
the
dangers
of a
second
flood that
actuated
their
pro-
genitors.
(1)
These reasons
alone are
quite
sufficient to show
why
the
early
Keltic
settlers
in
Eire
built
the Round
Towers.
(2)
No
doubt,
in
after
times
these
pillar piles
served
as
prison
fortresses
;
for
instance,
that at
Aileach,
in
the
county
of
Derry,
built,
according
to
the
testimony
of
our
ancient
records
(see
p.
387
supra),
seventeen
hundred
years
before
the
birth of
Christ.
The
house
of
the
hostages,
or
prison,
erected at Aileach
by
order
of
Daglida,
king
of the Tuatha
de
Dannan,
was
408
MIRACULOUS
WELL AT
KILBENNAKT.
"
circular,
and
closed at
the
top
with
one
stone."
So
it
is
described
in
the Book of Lecan. A
fortress
of
that
de-
scription presents
all
the features of the
Round
Tower.
It
was of
stone,
and
it
was
circular,
it
was
tapering,
it
was closed
at the
top
with one
stone.
Such
is the
shape
and
character of
those Round Towers
that
still
survive
in
all their
ancient
completeness
of form
;
for
instance,
that
at
Turlough,
county
Mayo,
at
Devenish,
and
at Antrim.
The
Round
Towers
then
may
have
served
for
the
war-
like
Kings
of
ancient Ireland as
prisons
or
fortresses,
and
for
the
safe
keeping
of
hostages.
There is a
pillar
tower
at
Kilbennan,
near
Tuam.
Be-
fore the
young Bishop
Benignus,
or
Bennin,
had come to
the
territory
of
Conmaicne,
or
Tuam,
in the
Barony
of
Dunmore,
the
place
now
called
Kilbannon had
been
known
by
the name
Dun-Lugaidh,
i.e.,
Louis's
Fortress.
When St.
Benignus,
in
company
with St
Patrick,
had
coma
from Donacli
Patrick
to
Dun-Lugaidh,
it
is said
that
the
saint
dug
a
fountain,
in the
waters
of which
he
baptized
nine
lepers,
who became
instantly
healed of their
leprosy.
jSIiatha,
the chieftain of that
district,
and all
his fol-
lowers
and
clients,
and
all
the
people
of
the
entire
country
of
Conmaicne
St. Jarlath's
cousins,
himself
and
his
father
and
relatives were
baptized
in that
fountain.
That
well,
or
fountain,
is to
be seen
to this
day
at
Kilbennan.
Its waters
gush
forth
from the
foot
of the Round
Tower
which to this hour is
to be seen.
Two
things
remain to
this
day
to
confirm
the truth of the
historical event
first,
the
"
Dun"
or
pillar
tower of
Lughaidh
;
second,
the
fountain
gushing
forth
at
its foot. At
the
time,
say,
A.D.
440,
the
Dun
existed,
it
was
the
fortified home
of
the
chieftain
Niatha.
St.
Patrick and
St.
Benignus
came from Hcadford
to
the
present
Kilbennin the
territory
of
Conmaicne as
the
FONS
LEPBOSOEUM. 409*
barony
of
Dunmore,
Tuam,
had then
(440 A.D.)
been called.
"
Et
ibi
descendit
Patricius
de curru
;
et venerunt
ad
ilium
novem
leprosi
viri
Gentiles,
antea
nunquam
creden-
tes,
et
clamaverunt
: Si
verus
est
Deus
tuns,
sanet
nos
de
lepra
ista."
Surrexerunt
S.
Patricius et
Sanctus
Be-
nignus,
et elevaverunt
cespitem
de
terra
;
et
ebulivit
fons
lucidissimus
de
terra,
in
quo baptizati
sunt;
et in
eadem
hora
sanati
sunt
de
lepra,
et
dederunt
gloriam
Domino
Et
de hoc
miraculo iste
fons
semper
nominatur
"
fons
leprosorum."
In
quo
fonte multi
infirmi
semper
sanan-
tur.
In
quo
etiam
baptizavit
S.
Benignus
Echenum
filium Briani.
Postea venit
Dominus illius
regionis
Niatha
filius Du-
bhani
ad Sanctos
usque
ad ilium locum cum filiis
quinque
suis
et
vovit
illam villam Sanctis
quia
ibi
vidit
miraculum.
In illo loco
baptizatus
est
Niatha
cum
filiis
suis,
a
Sancto
Benigno
;
et
omnes
etiam,
habitores
illius
regionis
baptizati
sunt
In illo loco
fundata est
a Sancto
Benigno
civitas
nempe
in
Dun-
Lughaidh,
seu
in Duno
Lugadii
filii
Niatha?. . . Et
specialiter
Lugadius,
filius NiathjB
contulit
ipsis
mam
arcem
cum
predio
adjacente,
et
ibi
Ecclesiam
extruxerunt
quse
olim
ex
.Lugadii
nomine
Dun-Lugaidh,
i.e.,
Dunum
Lugadii
dicebatur,
hodie vero
Kill-Beinein,
i.e.,
Cella Be-
nigni appellatur
Triadis
Thaumaturgce,
&c.
Lovanii,
1647.
Folio.
By
Eev. John
Colgan.
In the
second
T
olume
of his
magnificent
work,
Col-
gan
gives
a
short
life
of
St.
Benignus
in
the
third
Ap-
pendix
to
the
seventh
life of
St.
Patrick.
It is from
that
Appendix
the
foregoing
excerpt
has
been
taken.
Ware,
in
Vol.
II.,
says
of
Colgan
: He
was
a
native
of
the
County
Donegal
a
Franciscan
Friar
in
the Irish
Convent
of St.
Anthony
of
Padua,
Louvain.
He was
Professor
of
Theology.
He
was
well
qualified
to collect