Bourke Ulick J. Aryan Origin of the Gaelic Race and Language
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Vlll.
CONTENTS.
Page
CHAPTER
III.
The Causes
are manifold. .
.
.
.30
r
i
A
ho
Anglo-Norman
Invasion .
.
.
.31
No
books
printed
in Irish
.
. .
.
.32
Prohibition
of the Irish
language
by
statute
under
Edward
III.
and
Henry
VIII.
.
.
.
.33
The
Geraldmes,
Butlers,
and
Burkes,
more
Irish
than
the Irish
themselves
. .
.
.
.34
Sir
Henry
Sydney's
views Favorable
to
Irish
iu
a
letter
to
Queen
Elizabeth,
1576
35
Lord
Bacon.
Archbishop
Usher
Bedell
.
.
3
The
Penal
Laws
. .
. .
.37
The
Irish
Language
the
Language
of
the
vanquished
.
39
The scores
.
.
.
.
.40
A
girl
gagged
. .
.
.
.41
Irish excluded
from
schools
. .
.
.42
Phonetic
contrariety
.
.
.
.
.43
The
Catholic
clergy.
Letters
.
44
Want
of
encouragement
. .
.
.46
The
Eight
Hon.
Edmund
Burke and Dr.
Johnson .
.
47
The
British
Government
and Dr.
Petrie
. .
.48
Dr.
John
O'Donovan
and
O'Curry
. .
.49
Hopeful
work
discouraged
.
.
.50
Our
Universities
. .
.
.51
John
Stuart
Blackie
.
...
.
.52
His
views
...
.53
Christopher
Anderson
.
.
.54
Why
Trinity College
was
first
founded
.
. 55
A
splendid
bequest
of
Henry
Flood to
encourage
the
cultiva-
tion
of
the
Irish
language
. . .
.56
Trinity
College
at
present
.
.
57
The
Catholic
University
.
.
.58
The
Welsh
say
: As
long
as
the
world
lasts the
Kymric
tongue
will
be
spoken
.
.
.61
Absence
of
home
legislation
.
.
.
.62
Dearth
of
Idsh
Teachers
.
. 63
Letter
of
the
Archbishop
of
Tuarn
to
Professor
Blackie
. 64
Ethics
of
human
action
.
66
The
national
impulse
of
Irishmen
To
excel
.
.
67
Anecdotes
.
.
.
69
The
Most
Rev.
Dr.
Moriarty's
views
and
those of
Dean
O'Brien
74
Judges
and
lawyers
in Wales
.
.
.
.76
CHAPTER IV.
Connachtin
its
lea
ling
outlines. The
Irish
language
is
fading
in
Sligo,
Leitrim,
and
Bosuommon
.
.
.78
rt
u
spoken
in
tho
diocese
of
Tuam,
in
the
counties
Gulway
CONTENTS.
and
Mayo
.
. .79
Irish
magistrates
and
Irish witnesses
.
.
.80
The
Irish
and
Polish
tongues
...
.
.83
Can
anything
be done
to
save
the Irish
language
?
Yes
.
8i
How
far Irish
Gaelic
is
spoken
In
Roscommon,
Leitriui,and
Sligo.
. .
.
.
.85
CHAPTER
V.
Decrees
of
the Catholic
prelates
A
Synod
counselling priests
and
people
to
save
the
language
88
The
priests
alone
can save it
. .
.89
Anecdotes
.
.
.
.
.99
Cardinal
Mezzofanti
. .
.
.
.96
Advantages
of
learning
Irish Gaelic ,
.
.97
A
parallel
. . .
.98
The
prized
pictures
of
the
age
.
.
.
.99
Rare
M
SS
...
.
100
Literary
men
value
language
as
artists
value
paintings
.
101
A
precious
heirloom
.....
102
An
American
Bishop
the Most Rev. Dr.
Lynch
.
.103
Our
mother
tongue
is
still
alive .
.
104
Reasons
for
encouraging
Irish
Gaelic
.
105
CHAPTER
VI.
A
primaeval
tongue
.
.
.107
Dialects
of
the
Aryan
tongue
.
. . 103
Irish
Gaelic
and
Greek,
branches
of the
parent
stock
. 109
Harmony
of facts
.
.
.110
Homer.
A
real
character
. .
.
.
1
A
thousand
years
before
Homer's
time
. .113
Umbrian
and
Oscan
-
.114
All
that
is
certain
regarding
the
Aryan
tongue
.
.115
Keltic
is
Aryan
The
Pentateuch
.
-
Gaelic
the
sister
of
Latin
.
.
.119
Languages
to
ethnologists,
what
strata
are
to
geologists
.
121
Classic
pronunciation
The
controversy
amongst
English
scholars
regarding
correct
Latin
pronunciation
Gaelic
"ore
rotundo"
Irish
pronunciation
quite
Ciceroiiic
.
124
H.-nry
John
llol>y,
M.A.
.
.
125
What
was
the
Roman
pronunciation
?
Roby's
views
in
^ 12(J
accord
with the
r-hom-sis
of
Irish-Gaelic
Correct
vowel
sounds
of
old
Irish
vowels
like
those
of
Latin
iu sound
.
.
'lid
The
consonants,
too
-
^
The
sound
of
<:
lik-..-
k
X.
CONTEXTS.
Syllabus
of
Latin
pronunciation
.
.
132
Settled
sounds
. .
133
Keltic
or
Seltic
.
.
134,
Letter
to
Professor
Blackie,
from
the
author
.
.
135
CHAPTER
VII.
The
transit
of
Venus
.
.
.
.145
Bentley'a
discovery
confirmed .
.
.
146
The
Ionic
vau
....
147
Its
vocal
value
retained
....
148
A
difficulty
solved
.
.
.
.149
State
of
the
question
....
150
Proofs
from Gaelic
.
.
.
.151
Latin
older
than
Greek .
.
.
.152
Irish-Gaelic
older
than
Latin
.
.153
Seasons
.
...
154
Max
Muller's views .
.
.
155
Sameness
between
the
primitive
simple
forms
of
Sanskrit
and
Irish
.
.
.
.
.
.156
The
verb
Asmi
; Irish,
"as
me,"
it
is
I
.
.
157
Kindred
verbs
.
.
.
.158
The tenses
.
.
.159
The
personal
endings
....
1GO
The
personal
pronouns
.
161
Irish
tenses
compared
with
Latin and
Greek
equivalents
.
162
Inflexions
of nouns
....
163
The
declensions
.
.
.164
Irish
declensions
five hundred
years
ago
. .
167
The
past
participle
in Irish
and in
Latin
.
168
The
termination
"
Tar"
Original
forms
.
169
Independent
words
....
170
A
possible
language
.
.171
Instances
of accretion
. .
.172
Single
words,
boulders
of
history
.
.
.
175
CHAPTER VIII.
How
to reconstruct
a lost
language
.
.
.
177
Three
great
facts established
.
.
.170
Migration
westward
.
.
.179
A twofold
tongue.
.
.
180
Primary
"S"
versus
"
H,"
secondary
.
.
182
The
numerals
in seven
primitive
tongues
.
183
Same
cause,
same effect
.
184
Oneness of
mould,
oneness
of
impression
.
185
Conclusions
.
186
H.
is
never
the
proper
initial
of
any
word
in
Ga^-lk: ,
!
S7
Welsh versus
Irish
.
.
.188
CONTEXTS.
Xi.
Irish-Gaelic
eldest
daughter
of
the
parent
Aryan
.
189
Workers
are
wanted
.
.
. .191
Aryan
and
Irish
compared
.
.
.192
Meaning
of
formal
and
virtual
. . .193
An
illustration
.
.
. 194
The
Manx
dialect
.
.
. .195
Early
times
'. .
.
]96
Slurring
over
consonants
.
.
]97
Irish
comes
to the
rescue
of
the
student
. .198
The
loss
of P
in
Keltic
.
.
.
.199
The
compositive
capability
of
Gaelic
.
.
.
200
A
marvel
.
.
,
.
202
Boots
real
words .
.
. 203
The
root
"
ar"
.....
201
Two
kinds
of roots
.....
205
Compound
terms
.....
206
A
legend
.
. .
.
.207
Keltic
names in
Caesar
.
.
.
201
Other
prefixes
.
. .
.
. 20'.)
Examples
of "so"
and
"
do"
....
210
A
rich
vein in
a
gold
mine
.
.
.215
CHAPTER
IX.
GRIMM'S LAW.
Sons
of
science
:
Father
Copernic,
Columhus
. .217
Vergil,
Kepler,
Newton
Galvani,
Jacob L.
Grimm ....
219
The
newly-discovered
law
of
language
.
.
.
220
Sanskrit
not mother
of Greek
and
Latin.
Nr>
Greek
scholar,
uow-a-days,
derives Attic
from
Doric,
or Doric
from Attic
.
221
Pedantry amongst
scholars.
Strange
boasting
of
some men
who
consider
themselves
masters in
theology
or law
.
222
Three
points
Irish
Gaelic
varied as
Sanskrit
.
.
.
.22-1
Schema
.
. .
.
.225
A
cycle
.....
226
Objections
to
Grimm's law
....
227
c"for"p"
.
. .
.
.221
Arms of
the
Isle
of
Mann. ....
229
Grimm's
law and
the
rules
of
aspirating
and
eclipsing
in
Irish
rest on
the
same
principle
.
.
230
What
is
aspiration?
Changes
cognate.
Eclipses
Grimm's law
law of
Gaelic
.
Toning
down
...
234
Favourable
testimony
....
2ii5
XII.
CONTENTS.
Page
1.
The eternal
law;
2. Its
expression
is
heaven's
first
law;
3.
The
divine
law
;
4.
Law
of
nature
;
5.
A
directive
principle
with
uniform
results is
termed a
law
.
236
6. A
knowledge
of
what is
right
and
of
what
is
wrong
is
called
the
natural
law
;
7.
The
written
law
.
.
237
Uniform
results
is the
expression
of
oneness
of
principle.
Kepler's
laws
....
23S
Laws of
gravitation.
Laws
of
light
.
. .
239
Laws
within laws
.....
240
Secrets
of
science
.
.
.
.
.244
Counter
laws.
Remarkable
instances .
. . 242
Who can
comprehend
the
fleetness
of
light?
.
.213-
CHAPTER
X.
Another
law
in Irish
-Gaelic .
.
.
245
Rationale of
the
law
of
vowel
assimilation
.
. 24ff
What
does
Irish-Gaelic
say
on
the
subject
?
.
. 247
The
vowel
law
crystalised
.
.
. 248
The old
rule
has
preserved
the
law,
fossile-like,
for
centuries
249
Remains
of
a kindred
character
in
the
llomance
languages
25O
And in the
English tongue
.
.
.
252
How
has
"
c"
in
the llomance
languages
the soft
sound
of"
s"
and
the
hard of
"
k"
.
.
.
252
"Y"
palatal
gives
the slender
piich
.
.
. 2.03
Sound and
spelling
sure
in Irish-Gaelic
.
.
. 254j
Results
of
the
phonetic
principle
:
sound full
;
pronunciation
correct,
and
not
changeable;
spelling
fixed
.
.
255
Philosophy
of
sound,
and
teaching
of
grammarians
in
the
past
quite
in
accord .
.
. .250
Grand
results
:
certainty
of sound
;
surety
of
spelling
. 257
A
system
of
phonetics
....
258
Explanations
....
259
Homer in
Irish-Gaelic
by
the Most Eev Dr.
MacHale
.
260
John
Stuart
Blackie's
version
of
Homer
.
.
2(32
What
is
beauty
....
263
A
thing
of
beauty
....
264>
Both laws
the
result
of one
principle
. .
.26-5
Harmonic action of
the
vowel
sounds
.
. .
26S
Rule
to know
whether
or
not
a
word is
of
Gaelic
or
of Gothic
parentage
....
2fi7
A
great discovery
offered
gratis
to
philologists
.
.
26&
CHAPTER XI.
Had
the
pagan
Irish- Gael
any
knowledge
of
letters
and of
the art
of
writing
.
.
27O
The chief
champions
of the
Irish cause were
of
Norman
descent
Dr
Thomas
Burke,
Dr.
Jobn
Lynch,
Dr
Geotfry
Keating,
&c.
.
.
.. 272'
CONTEXTS.
Xlll.
Pag
Ireland's
best
friends
:
a
list
of
literary
stars
.
. 27
3
Two
classes of
writers in
opposition
. 275
The
question
stated
.
. .278
Learning
in
ancient Eire
.
.
.
.277
Art
of
writing
in
ancient
Eire
. .
278
Her
ancient
literature
....
270
Works
compiled
in
pagan
days
.
. 280
Ogham
writing
in
the
pre-Christian
period
.
.
281
Harris's
views
....
282
An
original
alphabet
....
283
Irish authors of the
Pagan
period
.
.
. 284
What is
certain
on this
subject,
and
what
is not
. 285
O'Curry
opinions
regarding
the
form
of
letter
then nsed
. 286
Writing
materials
.
.
.
.287
The
Aryan
view illustrated
....
288
The
Kelts did
not
borrow
.
.
. .289
The
story
of
Cadmus
.... 290
Early
settlers civilized
. .
. .291
Civilisation
iu
Pagan
Ireland
....
292
The
number of
letters
in
Irish-Gaelic
.
. .
293
Early
Greece
had
seventeen
.
.
."'. '294:
Pagan
Ireland
had
seventeen
....
295
The
light beaming
from the
lamp
of
comparative
grammar
clears
up
the historic
difficulty
rdating
to
the
introduc-
tion
of
letters
into
Greece
.
-
.
296
Wolfian
theory
unsound
.
.298
How
do
the seventeen
letters
suit
all shades of sound ?
.
299
Variety
of sounds
natural
and affected slender
and broad
.
300
Sensitive
mutual action of
vowel,
and consonant
sounds in
Gaelic.
Nigra
.
.
.
.301
The
old Irish characters
, 302
The
()
dot,
or
diacritical
mark
.
.
. 303
What
system
for
noting
mutation
of
sound
with sameness
of
spelling
is best
?
.
. .
.301
Letter to the
"
Highlander."
. .
.
.305
"H"
represents
a
secondly
sound,
or
a
breathing
.
.
310
His
Grace the Most
i,ev.
Dr.
Dixon
. . . 312
How Scotch-Gaelic
and
Irish
differ
.
. . 3L5
A
committee of
critical
scholars
wanted
in Ireland
.
316
The
art
of
printing
has not
made
scholars.
William of
Cham-
peaux
;
Abelard
. 317
Lady
Wilde
.
.
.318
CHAPTER
XII.
Archaeology
...
.
319
A
book
in
stone.
Sir
Henry
Eawlinson
.
.
.
320
XIV.
CONTENTS.
Page
The
inscriptions
of
Babylon
and
Nineveh.
. .
321
Wonders
of art
in
the
time of
Cicero,
and since
.
.
322
The
arts in
past
times
.
.
.
323
Glass,
anterior
to
the
Christian
period
.
. .
324
Gems
......
325
Old
dyes
......
326
Mechanical
marvel
....
327
Abiding proofs
of
literary
knowledge
in
Ireland
. .
328
Her
Majesty
Queen
Victoria
.
.
. 329
Irish,
art
original
..
. .
.
330
Keltic art
adopted
in
Europe
....
331
Students
of
Irish
art
:
Who
taught
St.
Columha
limning
?
. 333
Irish art
Aryan
not borrowed
from
Europe
.
.
335
Druid and
Pagan
philosophers
.
.
.
336
Clas
scolors
.
.
. .
.
338
An
Irish
Queen
,
339
Lady
Wilde's
views
.
. . .
340
Dr.
Franklin's kite
.
.
343
The
Pillar
Towers
rise before the
view
. .344
The
truth
about
the
Towers
. .
.
345
Their
numbers ....
346
A
strange
book. Marcus
Keane
.
.
347
The
book
likened
to
the Hindoo
idol
Kali
.
.
348
Description
of
the Hound Towers
Their
architectural
features
. .
.
350
When built .
.351
Four
opinions
The
fourth
that
of his
Grace
the
Archbishop
ofTuam
....
352
Very
Rev. John
Lyrch,
Archdeacon
of
Tuam
. .
353
Ledwich
reproved
.
.
.354
First
theory
rejected
The Round
Towers not
built
by
the
Danes
.
359
CHAPTER
XIII.
Second
theory
....
357
Proofs
....
359
The
writer's
duty
.
360
His
views and
proofs
361
Dr Petrie's
refuted
His
negative
proofs
An
anecdote
the
Archbishop
of
Tuam
Literary
quacks
Dr.
Lanigan
.
.
369
Nescience
is
not denial
Silence
not a sure
proof
Modern
sciences
Direct
proofs against
Dr.
Petrie's
opinion
Enduring
character
of the
Round Towers
CONTENTS.
xv.
Piisre
The third
opinion
the
Towers of
pagan
origin
.
.
:*77
Fourth
opinion
the
author's
own
.
.378
Proofs
...
.
382
An
anecdote
...
.
383
Abundant
proofs
from
history
.
.
.
385
Dr.
Schlieman's
discoveries
at
Troy
. . .392
Historic
Ilium
built
over
an
older
city
. .
394
Four
cities
built
on
the
same
site all
have
perished
. 395
The fourth
opinion
in
accord
with sacred
history
.
396
Sem's
sons
....
397
Japhet's
sons,
Cham's
sons
.
.
398
Babylon
and
Broadway
.
.
399
Nineveh and New
York
.
.
.
400
Paleology
supports
Moses
;
refutes
the
Atheists
.
.
401
A
slab of
Basalt
.
. .
402
Grandeur
of the
palaces
of
Karnac
.
. 403
The
pyramids
of
Egypt
.
.
. 404
The
Kelts
kept
as
an
heir-loom
the
knowledge
possessed by
their
Aryan
ancestors
.
.
'
.
405
Why
did the
ancients
build
such
piles
.
.
400
"Why
the
Round
Towers
were
built .
.
407
Miraculous
well
at
Kilbennan,
near Tuain
. . 405
Fons
Leprosorum
.
.409
Strange
theories of
Modern
writers
. . 411
When
were
the Round
Towers
built
. . 412
Successive
early
colonists
Kelts
.
.
413
Irishmen not
Phojnicians
nor
Cuthites
. . 414
Kelts came to
Ireland
by
various routes
.
.415
Sir William
Wilde's
opinion
on
the
early
Irish
race
.
416
Proofs of
Irish
historic
certainty;
a-
cinerary
urn
discovered
in
a mound
near
Cong
.
.417
Litanies in
stone . . .
418
Migrations
to Ireland
. . .
419
The Tualha
de
Dannans
.
.
.420
The
Milesians
.
.
.421
The first
race
from the East
.
. .422
CHAPTER
XIV.
The
subject
of the
Pillar
Towers
introduced
only
in relation
to the
Gaelic
language
.
.
.
423
A
lever of
threefold
power
.
.
.
424
Other
reasons
.
.
.
425
Learned
works in ancient Ireland
.
.
426
Keltic
scholars
.
.
.427
Philo-Anglians
428
Brehan
Law
Saxon
Bias
.
4-JO
The
Kelt
and
Saxon are cousins
'
.
.
4-31
XVI. CONTENTS.
Pa
?
e
Origin
and
value
of the
Brehon
code .
.
.
432
English
laws
and
Brehon
laws
on
the same
principle
.
433
Extent
of the
Brehon
law M.SS. .
.
.
434
The
Brehon
law
likened to
Pompeii
.
.
.
435
Like the cities
of
the dead
. .
.436
Value
of
the
law
.
...
437
Great
importance
attached
to
the
Brehon
Law .
.
438
Hindu law
.....
4^i>
Brehon law
suited to
the
people
and the
times
. .
440
Irishmen not
strangers
in
race
to their
English
friends
.
441
Knowledge
like
light
....
442
CHAPTER
XV.
The
ancient
laws
written in
verse
.
.
.443
Style,
natural
magic
....
444
Modern Britons half Kelts
....
445
Romance received its
magic
from a Keltic source
.
446
Rhyme,
how
it
arose ....
447
Clever men
sometimes
blind
guides
.
.
. 448
Irish
versification
....
449
Bardic
poetry
,
450
How
rhyme
came from
the
poetry
of
the
hards
.
. 451
Rhyme
from the
Gaels,
not
from
the Arabs .
.
452
Rhyme
could not have
sprung
from
Latin .
.
453
Druids and Brehons ....
454
How
they
differ
.
. . .
.455
Literary
guides
.456
Hymns
.
.
.
.
.457
Irish
poets
.
.
.
.458
Bardic
song
wedded
to
Church
melody
.
.
.
459
Books
of
Hymns
(5th century).
St.
Ambrose
. .
400
Life
of
Caius Ctelius
Sedulius
.
.
.461
Columba's
hymns
....
462
CHAPTER XVI.
A
thousand
volumes
of Irish
Gaelic
still
extant
not
published
463
Authentic M.SS
.
. 464
Irish
M.SS
where
preserved
.
.
465
Irish
manuscripts
are,
as a
rule,
in
metrical
language
.
466
Sanskrit
and
Gaelic
poetry
.
.
467
Keltic
area
. .
.
.468
Historic
Gaelic names
Instances
of
the value
of
Gaelic
.
470
The
Sabines
were Gaels
.
.
.
4;
l
Rome is
Gaelic,
and
means
"
town
on
the
yellow
river."
Derivation
of the Etruscan word
"Lucu-mo.',
.
4J3
The astronomical value
of Keltic.
Days
of the
week
.
474
The seasons
. .
.
.475
CONTENTS.
XV11
Pago
Adolphe
Pictct's
proof
....
476
Frazer's
Magazine
....
477
Scientific
certainty
....
478
A
man without a
soul
....
479
A
sensible
writer
.
. .
.
480
Tradition rests
on
facts
....
481
St.
Paul's Church
tells
St.
Paul
that
was .
.
482
Neither
credulity
nor
scepticism
.
.
.
483
Value
of
Gaelic
phonesis
....
404
Philology
useful
to
clergymen
Nohle
souls
. . .
. 486
Thomas
Davis's
words
.
.
.
.487
Provincial
variety
Burses
for
Gaelic
wanted
.
489
Irishmen to
the
rescue
. .490
INDEX.
500