Bourke Ulick J. Aryan Origin of the Gaelic Race and Language
Подождите немного. Документ загружается.
70
A KERRY
GIRL.
city
playing
over
her
features,
with a
slight expression
o
deferential
regard
for the
priest
as he
passed,
although
she wished
to
assume,
as she
thought,
the
high
tone of
London
fashion,
and
to do the
elegant
in
the
presence
of
a
dignified
stranger. Notwithstanding
her dress
and her
airs,
there
hung
around
her,
like
the
freshness of
morning,
a naiiiie and
a
homeliness of
bearing
in
which
any
dis-
cerning
eye,
much less that of a
priest
and
professor,
could
not
be mistaken.
Accordingly
the
Very
Rev.
Doctor
said to himself that
the
young girl
who stood
on
the
platform
before
him,
was
a
daughter
of
Eire,
and
that
she
was,
as
is
said,
from the
country.
She
must
be-
a
Catholic^
too
;
this
he
immediately
conjectured
from
the
satisfied
glance
with
which she
had
occasional'y
viewed
the
strange
priest.
He
thought
it well
to
speak
to
her
;
and as
she
was,
as
he
had
thought,
a
Chtholic
and
the
daughter
of
a
peasant,
she
must
necessarily
know
Gaelic,
and,
therefore,
he
spuke
in the Irish
tongue,
and
saluted
her in
those
we'.l-knovvn,
familiar
words,
in
which the Catholic
peasantry
are wont to
salute each other
at
home
"
Go
m-beannuige
DIA
du.t,
a
c'aili'n
uig
God
save
you,
my
young
woman,"
said he.
The
maid looked
quite
surprised
at the
strange
Beverend Father :
he
thought
with himself for a moment
that,
perhaps,
sho
did
not
hear the words that had
just
fallen
from his
lips,
and
accordingly
he
repeated
the
salutation,
in
Irish '-Go
m-beannui^e
DIA
duit a
c'ailm
oig."
There
was no doubfc
remaining
on
his mind this
time that
she
had
heard
his-
words.
So,
she
looked
again
with
the same
expression
of
surprise
at the
Very
Rev.
Professor,
and after
a
slight
pause,
assuming
in the meantime the
grandest
tone she-
eould
command,
replied,
with
a
slight
touch
of a
Lou-
don
accent,
"
Sir,
I
do
not
understand what
you
say.'
r
u
Is it true that
you
do
not understand
what
I
have bale!
Him
FATHER.
71
to
yon.
?'' said
theyriest.
"
Yes,
Rev.
Father,"
was
tho
icply.
Dr. MacHale
then
began
to
suspect
that
he
had
been
mistaken
in
supposing
the
young
girl
was
from Ire-
land.
So
he
moved
on,
and came
up
after
a
moment's
walk to an
elderly
man who had seen
some
three score
and five
summers,
and
who,
while the learned
professor
and the
young
girl
were,
for
the
moment,
apparently
con-
ve;
sing,
hi,d stood
some
fifteen
yards
off,
looking
anxious'y
and
with
enquiring gaze
at the
dignified
stranger
and the
maid,
to see what
was the conversation
about. The
mien
and manner of the
elderly
ui. known were
unmistakably
Hibernian.
But,
to remove
all
doubt
as to the
country
to which
he
belonged,
he
carried
a
stick,
and
on the
ferule
projecting
over
the left
shoulder,
a small
par-
cel
tied
up
in
the usual
r_d handkerchief.
From
the
watchful
eye
and anxious
g'anee
directed towards
the
young
gir
1
,
Dr.
MacHale
divined
that some
tie of con-
sanguinity
or
affinity
must
needs exist between
the
maid
and
the man. The latter
was,
beyond
all
doubt,
of Irish
origin.
As the
priest
drew
near,
the
stranger
put
on
a
pleasing
expression
of
countenance,
such as
one
cannot
avoid
assuming
ir
presence
of
an
esteemed
friend,
though
ut
the
time there
is uot on his
part
an
equally
ready
mutual
recognition.
A
priest
is a kind of familiar friend
to
every
Irishman,
ar.d
especially
to
every
Irish
Catholic,
veu
though
it
happen
that he
is not an
acquaintance.
It
was
so
in
this instance.
There had
already
existed
positive
proof
that the man
was from the sister isle. He is
a
Catholic,
too,
for
he
salutes
the
priest.
This act is seldom
performed
in
London
by any
one
except
an
Irish
Catholic.
If
he
is a
Catholic,
and
from the
sister
isle,
he
must,
therefore,
speak
Irish.
Accordingly,
Dr.
MacHale
ad-
dressed him in
Irish
"
Go
m-beannui^e
D,A du.t
auume
cuii'
God
save
you,
my good
man,"
\Yith
a
bright
flush
~
.
P.I
XA1RE OEM.
of
light
beaming
from
his
eye,
and
a
smile
playing*
on
his
lips,
fully
assured
that
he stood
face to
face with
one
of
his own
countrymen,
with
one who
spoke
his
own
language,
with one of
the
priests
of his
country
who
had,
for
over two
centuries,
been
the
guardians
and the
fostering
and
spiritual
fathers
of the race to which
he
belonged,
he
replied,
"
Go
m-beannuu;e
DIA
agus
Muire
dint
fe n"
God
and
Mary
save
yourself.
"An as
Kir;nn
tusa ?"
Are
you
from
Ireland.
"
Sea
!
l
go
denhin.
a
a'a:r"
Yes,
indeed,
father.
"
JJ-fuil
eolas
agat
a:r
an
janaoi
oig
so
?*'
Do
you
know this
young
woman?
"
An
lJ-fuil
eolas
agam
a-r an mnaoi
oig
s:n ?"
"
!N"a* si
m'
in^fon
si"
Do
I know
that
young
woman
?
Why,
sure
she
is
my
daughter. By
this time
the
young girl
came
up,
blushing,
to where her father
stood
speaking
to
Dr.
MacHale
;
and
then the
professor
said,
in
presence
of
the maid
"
Is
longantaj
na' B-fu;l
gao'la Ige
a-.c^"
It
is
surprising
that she does
not
understand
Irish.
"
Well,"
said
he,
in
reply,
and with
great
vehemence
of
expression,
"
si
an teud
teanga
a
lalla.r
si
;
ta
gaodailge
a
-
ce
co
mait a's
ta
agam-sa'^
Irish is
the
first
tongue
she
.spoke
;
and she knows
Irish
just
as well as I
know it.
The
young
maid
appeared
now
to
feel
ashamed
of
the
part
she
had
played,
and
of the answer
she had
given
the
Very
Rev. Professor of
the
College
des
Irlandais,
Paris
;
find
when
he asked
her,
in
Irish,
why
she
had
denied that
she
knew
her
native
language,
she
modestly
looked
to the
ground,
and
replied,
"
BL n.iire orm" I
was
ashamed.
Smoke
is a
sign
of
fire,
or of
heat,
though
it
may
be
Tinperceived
heat.
The blush on the
cheek
is a
sign
of
the
stirring
of
the
feelings
of the
soul
within,
and
of the
struggle
between
pride
and
principle.
The
shams of
the
Irish
girl
to
speak
her native
language
is a
sign
of
the
state of
fe.-'lings
by
which
she lud
been actuated at
ilic-
THIS
SHAME COMMON.
/r>
time
wishing
to
appear
somebody,
and
for that
purpose
trampling
on
the
principle
that
told
her she
ought
to love
Ireland and the
language
of her
fathers,
and
not to be
ashamed to
speak
it
before
princes.
It will
be
said
that
the anecdote records
only
one
single
instance of
false
shame,
and that from
a
single
case,
and
in a matter
not
essential,
but
merely
accidental,
it
is
not
logical
to draw
a
conclusion
quite
universal
regarding
the
whole
popula-
tion
of
Ireland.
This
objection
is
quite
correct
:
it
is
illogical
to draw
a
universal from a
particular
propo-
sition,
unless the
particular
enunciates a
truth
founded
on
the
nature
or
in
the essential
qualities
of the
subject
of
which there is
question,
or
in
the accidental
relations
which
produce
in
the same
circumstances,
always
the
same
effect.
It
is true
that
there are
thousands
of Irishmen
in
America
and
in
Ireland who are
not
ashamed,
even
before
the
stranger
or the
lordly,
to
speak
the
language
of their
fathers
;
but
it
is
equally
true
that
with a
class
of
110
high
social
standing,
and
who
are
devoid of sufficient
enlighten-
ment as
linguists
or
historians,
and
especially
with
those
who are
lovers
of
fashion
and
who
aim at that
which
is
held in
honor
for the hour it
is deemed a
sign
of
igno-
rance
and
lowliness
of
position
to
speak
Irish.
The
grow-
ing
maidens of
Connacht
who
have been for
any
time
attending
school,
either
religious
or
sec^ar,
blush
if
spoken
to
in Irish.
They
reply
:
"
Oh,
I
know how to
speak
English,
your
Reverence
;
lam
not so
ignorant
as
you
seem
to think
me to
be." This
very
summer
the
writer
met
more than
one
instance
plainly
shewn,
not in
the
case of a
girl,
but of
a woman
who
had seen
some
fifty
summers. The incident
occurred at
Lios-dun-varna,
near
the
sulphur spa.
He
addressed a woman
whom
he
had
heard
speaking
in
Irish to
those of
her own
class
in
the
language
of the
people.
Her
reply,
directly
and
with
7$
DR.
iLOIUARTY.
the
expression
of
surprise,
was :
"
Sir,
I
do not
know
Irish." Ihe anecdote then
puts
before
the
reader
a state
of
feeling
and
a dislike for
speaking
Irish that
actuates
a
large
class.
And
this
state of mind
and of
feeling
arises
from
a
perversion
of
an.innate desii e
"
to excel and to
scorn
the
very
notion
of
being
inferior to
any
one,"
as was shewn
in the
opening passage
of
this
nineteenth
section.
All
that is
required,
in
order
to
correct
this,
is to make the
speech
itself
of
the
Irish
people,
aud
the
study
of
it
honor-
able
and
worthy
of their
ambition.
Do what
the Welsh
are
doing.
Offer
prizes
;
hold
Eisteddfodan
;
make the
spoken speech
of
the Gael
appre-
ciable
and honorable.
TWENTIETH His
Lordship
the Most Rev Dr.
Moriarty,
Bishop
of
Ardfert
and
Eaphoe,
county
Kerry,
and
the
Very
Kev
Dr.
O'Brien,
Dean of
Limerick,
author of
"
Ailey
Moore,"
"
Jack
Hazlitt,"
and
other able
literary
works,
have been
visiting
Tuam and
the
western coast of
their
native
island.
Each of
the
two
is
eminently
distinguished
as
a
churchman,
as an
ecclesiastical scholar and
theologian
each
has
left,
already,
footprints impressed
on the
literary
landmarks
of their
country's history,
and of
her
social
advancement
;
each holds a
high
place
in
the
walks
of
English
literature
;
each is
thoroughly
conver-
sant
with the condition
of
Ireland,
past
and
present
with
the causes
of her
decay
in
commerce,
material
and
social
development
;
in
education,
too,
and
enlightenment,
if the
present period
be
compared
with the
timts of St.
Columba
and
St.
Columbanus,
Sedulius
and
Scotus
;
St.
Fursey
and Fiacre
;
Saints
Benignus,
Jarlath,
Alcuin,
Malachy,
and Laurence
O'Toole.
Each
of the two is
thoroughly
conversant with
the
language
of
the
people.
They speak
and
preach
to their
flocks
in Irish.
His
Lordship,
accom-
LANDLORDS
AND
AGENTS.
/>
panied by
the
Dean,
visited St. Jarlath's
College.
In the
course of
conversation,
his
Lordship,
Dr.
Moriarty,
told
the
present
writer
that Professor Blackie of the
Ediii-
burg
University,
had written to
him,
too,
regarding
the
decay
of the
Gaelic
language
in
Ireland,
and
the causes
of
that
decay.
His
Lordship
enumerated
as
causes
of
this
fading
away
of our national
speech,
some
of-
those
just
enumerated such as
the
fact
that our
national
language
is
not
taught
in
our National Scnools.
"
I
remarked,
also,"
said
his
lordship,
"
that
landlords and their
agents,
and
gentlemen
of the
legal
profession,
attorneys
and
barristers,
and all who
represent
the
dominant
interest,
have
helped
to
bring
about
the decadence of the
speech
of
the Irish
people.
I often
asked
the
peasants
of
my
diocese
why
they
essayed
so often to
speak
English,
omitting
the
use
of
the vernacular
speech.
And
they
in-
variably
answered
that the
agents
and landlords would
listen to no
Irish,
and
that, therefore,
they
were
forced
to
speak
as best
they
could in
the
English tongue.
The
same is
true
of
the
intercourse of the
pour
people
with
lawyers
of all
conditions
from
the
Chancellor
to the
attorney's
clerk.
A
Catholic
farmer,
a
subject
of
his
Lordship's
diocese,
came some
years
ago
to
the
Bishop
and
told him
that
he
was
about to
"
go
to
law,"
and that
all the
money
he had
then
to
carry
on
the
suit
was
only
two
ponnds.
His
lordship
advised the
poor
man
not to
go
to
law
;
to
settle
the matter
by
arbitration
to
keep
his
money,
and
not to
lose the two
pounds,
and
seven
times
more,
by
appealing
to
lawyers.
The
good
simple
man
went
his
way.
Some
time
afterwards
the
bishop
met the
same
farmer.
His
lordship
asked him
what did he
do with
the
two
pounds,
whether
he
had
expended
that
moderate sum in fair arbitration
?
The
poor
man,
in a
tone of
regret,
assured
the
Bishop,
76
LAWYERS
IN
WALES.
that he
did
go
to
law
;
that he
lost
the
case
;
and
that
he
had
expended
the two
pounds
on
the
interpreter
alone,
or
as he called
that
legal functionary,
the
"
tetherpreter,"
in
order
that his
sworn examinations
in Irish should
be
fully
and
to the
point
translated for
council
and
judge,
and
by
that means that
success
might
attend
the suit.
Knowledge
of Irish
alone
was,
in
the case of that
poor
peasant.,
a twofold
loss.
In
Wales,
judges
and
lawyers
of
all
degrees
ar3
obliged
to
know
the
Welsh
language.
Nay,
some
of the
Judges
who
go
on
circuit
in
the North
of
Eng-
land
must know the Yorkshire
dialects.
Why
not
in
Ireland
?
Why
?
Dr.
Connop
Thorlwall,
an
Englishman,
was
not
ap-
pointed
to the
Bishopric
of
St.
David's
until
he had
acquired
a
thorough knowledge
of the
Kymric
tongue
;
neither-
did
Dr.
Campbell,
a
Scotchman,
receive
his
ap-
pointment
to the
Episcopal
See of
Bangor
until ho had
been
able
to
preach
in
the Welsh
tongae.
How
differently
we
act in
Ireland.
Ignorance
of
the
people's
language
and
habits
has
been the
best
passport
to
places
of
position
and emolument.
(77)
CHAPTER
IV.
In
what
counties
of
the
West of
Ireland is the
language
fading
?
It is
fading,
but
not in
an
equal degree,
in
Galway
and
Mayo.
The
statement rests for its truth
on the
personal
knowledge
and
experience
which the
writer has
acquired
of the
people
and of the
places.
In
the
counties
of
Mayo
and
Galway
nine out
of
every
ten
of
the inhabitants
dwelling
in
the
rural
districts
speak
their
country's
language.
The
educated classes do not
speak
it.
This
was
not the
case
thirty
years ago.
Numberless
cases
arise,
in
which
magistrates
who ad-
minister
the law
in
Galway
and
Mayo,
treat the
natives
who
speak
Irish as criminals. A
case
in
point.
In
Boscommon,
Leitrim,
and
Kligo,
peasants
and
people
in
business,
who
are
of the
middle
age,
know to
speak
the Irish
language
;
but
from
its
gradual
disuse,
prefer
to
speak English.
The
growing
youth
in
these
counties
know
nothing
of
the
speech
of
their
forefathers.
The views
which
naturally
come next
in
order,
regard
those
districts,
in
which,
throughout
the
west
of
Ireland,
the Irish
language
is
fading.
And the
question
which
directly
starts
to the
mind of
every
man is
if
the
lan-
guage
is
fading,
is
it worth
the while of
Irishmen to
stop
this
decay
is
it
worth
their
while to
go
farther,
and
not
only
to
keep
it
in
existence,
but to foster
it,
and
to
strive
to
make
it
grow
into
literary
life
?
The
scope
of
the
present
work
regards
the
living
Gaelic
language
of Connacht.
In
its
topographical
bearing
ifc
does not reach
to
"
Where
the
Barrow and
the
Erne and
Lough
Swilly's
waters
roar."
The
writer
has to
deal
with
the
ancient
tongue
spoken
78
.
GOXXAUGHT
ix
1874.
at
present
with
in the
territory
lying
east
and
west
between
the
Shannon
and the sea
;
and
north and
south
between
Bundoran
and
the
borders
of
Banagher
Where
the
parting
sunbeam
kisses
the
Corrib
in
the
West,
And
the
ocean,
like
a
mother,
clasps
the Shannon
to her
breast."
Each
of the
five
counties in
the
province
has
been,
for
the
past twenty
years,
visited,
from
time to
time,
by
the
writer,
and, therefore,
whatever
is
seated
in these
pages
respecting
them,
is
the
expression
of
those
thoughts,
which,
from
personal
observation,
since the
days
of his
boyhood
to the
present
hour,
have been moulded in his,
mind
taking
their rise
from
acquaintance
with the dis-
tricts
and their
inhabitants,
and
expanding
with the
train
of his
experience
and
his
knowledge
of
the
people.
In Connacht
there
are
five counties
Sligo,
Lei
trim,
Eoscommon,
Mayo,
and
Galway
: the two
latter
are
washed
by
the waters
of the
Atlantic,
and
they
extend
to
the
west
and
south
of
the
province.
Roscommon,
Leitrim,.
and
Sligo,
border
on the
provinces
of Leinster and
Ulster.
A
distinction
must,
in
the
question
regarding
the
spoken
Gaelic
language,
be drawn
between
the three
counties
bordering
on Ulster and
Leinster,
and the two
counties,
Mayo
and
Galway,
situate to
the
west
and
south
of
the
province.
Such
is Connacht
in
its
leading
topographical
outlines.
Now
for
the
language
spoken
within
its borders.
The
Irish
language
is
fastly fading
in
Sligo,
Leitrim,
and
Roscommon
;
fading
in
Mayo
and in
Galway,
but
not
with
that
rapidity
with
which it is
being swept
away
from
the
face
of the three counties
bordering
on
Leii-;ster
and
Ulster.
In each
of the two counties
beaten
by
tha
waters
of
the
Atlantic,
the
language
of their
fathers
is
still
spoken
by
nine
out
of
every
ten of
the
inhabitants
dwelling
in
the rural districts.
TYRANNY ON
THE
BENCH.
7J
In
every country village
"within
the
Metropolitan
Diocese of
Tuam,
except
that
portion
of
it
which
lies near
Athlone,
namely
the
parish
of Moore there is
no
language,
save
Gaelic,
spoken
or heard
by
the
peasant
portion
of the native Irish
population.
It is
true
that in
towns
the
tongue
of
the Keltic race
is
not
generally
employed
as
largely
as
it is in the
rural
villages.
However,
it
is
certain,
that at
present,
Irish is the
only language
made
use of
in
Mayo
and
Galway,
in
buying
and
selling
at
fairs
and at
markets,
by
the
inhabitants of towns as
well as
by
the
peasant
proprietors
who dwell in
country
districts.
The
educated
classes who have
been
trained in
English
colleges,
or
in
colleges
at
home in
Ireland,
are all
quite
ignorant
of
the
speech
of their
Keltic sires. This was
not
the
case some
twenty
years
ago amongst
the immediate
progenitors
of
living
Irish
gentlemen.
The lord of the
soil
and the
middle-man,
with their sons
and
daughters,
spoke,
in
days
now
past,
the
language
of
the
people.
At
present
the
same
classes
are
not
only ignorant
of the
language
themselves,
but
they
wish to crush it
out of
life. Gentlemen of the
legal profession
and
magistrates
who,
by
right
ought
not to
have
a
place
on the
bench of
justice
without a
knowledge
of the
peopVs
language,
are
the most hostile
classes
against
the
speech
of their
Hiber-
nian
progenitors.
Thr
writer
has
witnessed,
in
small
sessional
courts,
at
Tuam,
Ballinrobe,
Castlebar,
and other
towns
of
the
"West,
the
simple
peasants
treated
with the
greatest
dis-
play
of
harshness
because
they
could
not
give
evidence
in
the
English
tongue.
It
must
be
said
that,
as a
rule,
the
magistrates
who
have
treated,
and
do
treat,
the
people
so,
are
ignorant
themselves of
law,
of
language,
and of
those
polite
and
considerate
manners
that become
gentlemen.