Бородин И.В. Технология и организация строительства водопроводно-канализационных сооружений

58

ftaaa III.

Seunnuote

pa6orot

.rAe

l,

-

xoe$$urlneHr

reuronpoBoAHocrrr rpyHroB;

,f

-

cpeAHfffl

(us

cpe4Hennecnuuntx)

reMneparypa

3HMbr (no

AaHHbrM

6nuxafiutell

uereopoaoruqecroli

crauqHH

HilH

no

KJrHMaroJroru-

qecKoMy

cnpaBor{Huxy CCCP)

;

n

-

qrclo

Anerl

c orpuuarennuor? TeM[eparypoft;

C-

xoesQaqueHr

yMeHblxeHux

r.ny6uuor

npouep3aHHr,

B

3aBHcHMocrH

oT TOJIIIIUHbI

C"rIOfl CHera.

llpn

orcyrcrBnu

AaHHbIx

o

B_eJIHqHne

xoeQQnrrneHra

renJronpoBoAHo-

'crH

fpyHra

l, uaxcHMaJrbHyrc

r.ny6uuy

npoMep3aHLrfr.

fpyHTa,

He

saqllqeH-

I{oro

cEefoM,

A.ns

nro6oro_nepnoAa

SHMbI

n nrc6oro

reorpaSrErrecKofo

nyHK-

Ta

MoxHo

o[peAeJruTb

no

Qopuy.rre

h

+

60

(4P

-

P2) c.u,

ifAe

h-rny1uHa

npoMep3aHurr

rpyHra

npu

3070-nofi

BJrax(Hocra:

D-

I-

cpeaHeMecflqHafl

orpHuareJrbHafi

reMreparypa;

z

-

KoilHLrecrBo

AHefi

c orpzqarensnoli

TeM[eparypoft

Aflq

paccqHTbr-

BaeMofo

nepHoAa

3HMbr.

.flponsne4euwe

Tz

HagbrBaercq

qHcd,roM

3flrvrHr.tx

rpaAyco-AHefi.

C

qe.nro

yrIeHbIIreHua

rny6uubl

IIpoMep3aHufl,

rpyHTa

[r

cHH)KeHHfl

rpy-

-4oeMKocru

paspa6orKH

Tpaurlrerl

H Kor.[oBaHoB

npr.r_HHMaroT

Mepbr

rro

npe-

AOXpaHeHr.rrc

rpyHTa

or r.ny6oxoro

npoMep3aH],1-fl.

I( raxuu

nrepana

orHo_

,cflTCg:

q)

Bcrraxr.rBauue,

6opouoBaHue

H cHerosaAepxaHHe;

6)

yrenJreHue

relJronsoJrnpyrorrrnM

MarepuaJroM;

p)

r.ny6oxoe

pbrxrreHue

3ta

MepoflpuffTnfl

BbIloJIHflForcfl

oceHbro

H

c

HacrynJreHne]r

nepHoAa

:nepBbIX

CHeronaAoB.

Bcnaurr<y

[oBepxHocrI'I

flpo'sBoAqr

rpaKTopHbrMH

fiJryr

aMH

r4JrH

pbrx-

JII'ITeJITMH

ua rny6uyy

25-35

crt

c

nocJleAyloulul,r

6opoHosaHae[r

BepxHero

crlofl

ua r.ny6uHy

l0-l5

c.nt. flpu

nepBoM

>re

cHeforraAe

Ha

[oBepxHocrn

'o6pasyercn

errle

r{

cuexHbrir

uoipon,

yMeubruarcqnr?

";;;;

oiirq"r"r,u_

,Hbrx

-reMfieparyp

Bo3Ayxa

ua r.ny6uHy

rpoMep3aHafl

rpyHTa.

necMorpff

Ha

npHHffTbIe

Mepbl,

qacrb

rpyHTa

noA

cJIoeM, pa3pbrxJreH-

'HbIM

scnauxori

rr

6opouonaHueli,

Bce

x(e

npoMepsaer,

npn6.rru>reHHyro

rny6nHy

npoMepsatrrfl,

B oroM

cfiyqae

onpeAerrffro,

no

eobry"e

h: A(4P

-

P2),

Tz

1000'

(l

6)

(r7)

Ta6nnua

4

3HaqeHnc

xoe$SllrlneHra

.4

o,r

I

o,z

3HaqeHHq

A

npa

BennqflHe

p,

paeHof,

24

47

22

44

20

1t

r8

39

l7

37

l6

36

26

5l

30

60

30

60

30

59

28

55

o,'

I

o,n

I

o,'

I

o,u

lo,r

I

os

I

o.nTlT,s

Cnoco6

o6pa6orxn

noBepxHocrH

$

25-

Paspa6ortcn

rpanuteil

u KorrtooaHoe

I

su.HHee

speiln

u a cKanbHblx

epg{raJ|

59

3Ty-353

(puc.

29)

cua6xaercs

cneqfiaJrbHbrM

o6opy.uonaHHeM

AJrff

pa3pa-

6orxu

Mep3JIbIx

rpyHToB.

Ha xonruonoft paue

srofo

sKcKaBaropa

ycraHaB-

.,'IHBSIoT

HaflpaBJrflrorque,

no KoropbrM

npu fioMorrln

nJracrr.rHqarbrx

6ecxo_

HerlHbrx

uenefi

[epeMeilrarorcff

TeJre)KKH

C

pe3lreAep)r(arefiffMr{.

Taxofi

gKcKaBarop

oAHoBpeMeHHo

npoa3BoAHT

cpffiKy

H

cKo.rr

rpynra.

,IIpa

ucfloJrbsoB

aHHu

B

Mep3JrOM

rpyHTe

Ha

efo

Puc.

29.

Tpanruefiuuft

excxaearop

OTV-3S3

c

pe3uaMa

Anfl

paspa6orrx

Mep3nofo

Mep3noro

eKcKaBaropa

3P-4

AJrfi

pa3p

a6orxu

rpaHrxeft

KoBItr

craBffT

yruHpr{Tenn,

a

ey6sn

gaMeurror

K.rlbr-

KaMH,

Ha

KoHubI

Koropblx

HaIJIaBJIeH

TBepAbrr?

cnras.

I(.nrtxlr pacnonara-

rorcfl

B

cryneHqaro-ruaxMarHoM

[opffAKe,

HO

C

TaKHM pacrreroM,

vro6u,

cpe3afl

ueps.nufi

rpyHT

no

pa3HbrM

AopoxKaM,

nepeKpuna.nu

6lt

scro

tuH_

pHHy

rpaHrueH.

llpil

ycrpoficrae

KorJroBaHoB

noA

orrzcrgbre

coopyx(eHr.rfl,

HacocHbre

craHuHll,

BoAoHanopHbl_e

6aruun_l4Pyrue

coopyx(eHar

rpynr,

nponreparuufi

c noBepxHocrH

ua rty6uHy

Ao

0,25.u,

6es

aarpyaHeuufi-

laspa6arbrBaercfl

oAHoKoBIIToBbIMH

gKcKaB^aropauu,

o6opyAoBaHHbrMu

npanroft

nbnaroft

c

KoB-

IuoM

eMKocrbro

0,5-0,65

ilg,

a trpu

KoBrrrax

6olrurefi

eurocru

npflMbrMn

ronaraMr4

Mox{HO

p_aspa6arbrBarb

rpyHT,

fipoMep3ruuit:F.a

r.ny6uuy

io

0,4,t.

flpa

6ontrueli

rny6l{He

[poMep3aHl]r

ttpuxoAuTcfl

rrpuMenflrb

HJrH

MexaHH-

qecKoe

pbIxJIeHHe

Mep3JIOfO

CJIOT fpyHTa,

HJ|H

OTTaHBaHHe,

a

HHOTAa

H

pbrx-

JreHHe

BspbrBOM.

Pux.neuze

rpyHTa,

np^oMep3rrrefo

Ha

rny6uny

ro

0,7

tvr,

r,pori3BoutTcfl

pbrxrrHrerreM

A-,576

(puc.

30),

y4apHaq

r{acrb

xoioporo

o6pa6oiaHa

B BHAe

KrHHa.

-!,use.nr-uoJrorbr

BecoM

1,2

r

HaBeIUHBaror

Ha

aKcKaBaropbr

g-6,s2

(puc.

3l)

unn

rpaKropbr

C-80

(puc.

32).

Tlnr,r

ueDArrrrrD.urr'

rYr.Arr

rrquvunDqrr4l

ArrqrD-lvlvr/-l\rl(rtst 17a

JKCKaBaI'OpbI

ffpHMgHqeTCfl

K.,-IHH

c

yrnoM

3aocrpeHHs

30o.

OrAe.neuae

cKaJrbrBaenaoft

r.rrrr6ri

rpyHra

or

Mep3JIOfO

MaCCIIBa

npoHcxoAHT

3a

Cqer

pacKrrHHvBaHHfl,

BO3HHKarOUIefo

npH

norpylKenwu

KrrHHa

B Mep3Jrbrft

rpyur

npu

yAape.

Pux.neHze

Mep3noro

rpvHTa

MexaHH3HpcBaHHbrM

nHcrpyMeHToM

Aony-

cKaercfl

ToJIbKo

npu

ne6oJIbIuHX

o6teuax pa6or.

B erou'inyuae

?rcnoJrb-

3ylor

IHeBMarl'IqecKne

JIoMbl-Jlonarbr

H

or6ofiHure

MonorKH

HnH

gneKTprr-

Q

urlupon

aHHbre

o16ofiunre

MoJrorKH.

rpyHra

60

fnaea

IIL

Sennsuate

Pa6oroL

Puc.

30. Pslx.nnre.'rl

A-5768

/-KpaftHHe

zy5;n;2

-cper1Hufi

ey6:

J-paMal

4-rujipo-

qr.rnHHApu:

5

-

6a,lxn;

6

-

c-roftxni 7-pacxocsr

Puc.3l.

AHserl-Nronor

c K.nH-

HOM

HA

3KCKABATODC

Puc.

32.

!,use,ru-noror

c KJTHHoM Ha

rpaKrope

I

-

nporHBoBec;

2

-

[oJtrrcflacr; J-rpoc; 4

-ryceK

crpclbt;

5

-

HanpaBnsroqas

utraHra: 6

-

6ttox:

7

-

xortxa

aH3eJb-MoJto-

ra; 8-yAapHar

qacrb

Arr3erb-Monora;

9-xnuH;

10

-

ae6ea-

xai 11-

KprcK

AJrfl

3aKpenJreHrrr KnuHa

B TpaHcnoprHoM

nono-

xeHHH; 12

-

poanx;

,/J

-

rpaxrop

C-80

$

25. Paspa'orrca

rpaHwert

u

KornoaaHoa

e

s:!n',Hee

speiln u I

cKartbHblx

zpgHrdx

6l

JEHHfl.

OmaueaHue

Mep3Jroro

rpyHTa

Moll(er

npoH3BoAHTbcfi

pa3HbIItIIl

cnoco'

'6aun:

ofHeBbIM,

rlapoBbIM,

BoAgHbIM,

greKTpHtIecKHM

lI

T.

A.

OrHesoe orrauBaHr.re

rpyHTa

npuMeHflercfl

ToJIbKo

rIpH

MaJIbIX o6beMax

pa6or,

rrpenMyulecrBeHHo

B

aBapureHblx

cJlyqaflx,

c

HcnoJb3oBaHHeM

TBep-

AO|O,

X{HAKOTO

H

fa3oo6paSHOrO

TOnJIHBa.

flp" HcnoJrb3oB

aHHu

rBepAoro

ronJIHBa

(Apoea,

KaMeHHbtiI

Yfoyrs,

ropq) HaA

orcrpeBaeMbrM

rpyHroM

yKJIaAbIBalor Kopc6a

Bblcoroit

0,5-

0,6 i H

AJrnHofi-

Ao

2

,1,

H3roroBaeHHble

H3 JIHcroBoft

cra.nn

ToJIIIIHHofi

1,5-2,5 tvtu.

Kopo6a

yKJraAbrBaror

BHaxJIecrKy

no xoAy

ABHIKeHHn

ra3oB

TaK,

qTO6bI

OHn

O6pasOeuBails

KaHaJI

AJIHHOft

5'6

'tt. Ha oAHou

KoHIIe

3rofo KaHaJra

ycrpaHBalor

AbIMoByIo

rpy6y Bblcorofi

Ao

2 .Lt, a Ha

Apyror{

-

'TonKy.

Kasa.n

noKpbrBaror

renJrou3oJrfluuor{HbIM

MarepHa,'IoM

(ut.narorrt,

cyxuM raJrbrM rpyuroM

H

r.

n.)

cJIoeM

0,2-0,3

,tt. flpousBoAt

ronKy B

reqe-

HHe

6-8

rl,

HaKa[JrHBaff

TerrJro

B BepxHeM cnoe

orrafiBlllero

rpyHTa,

oro-

rpeBarcT Becb

cJrofi

npoMep3luero

rpyHTa. npu

npoltlep3aHl{H

rpyHra

Ha

rny6uHy

6o.nee

0,5 u

np_HxoAIITcfl

npH6erarb

K flocnofiHoMy

ororpeBy

H

pa3-

.pa6orKe rpyHra.

flpH

ucnonb3oBaHur.r

)KHAKoro H ra3oo6pasHoro

rorIJIHBa

Ann

ororpeBa

!repsnofo rpyHTa

TaKN(e-ycTpaHBaloT

KaHa.IIbr H3 cTaJIbHbIX

KOpO6OB.

B srOM

cnyqae npoqecc oTo,rpeBa

fpyHTa LIAeT

6oJlee

HHTeHCHBHO.

I-Ip"

crpourenbcrBe

rpy6o[poBoAoB

rnfl

ororpeBa Mep3noro

rpynra

Hcnonb3yror

ycraHoBKy, H3o6paxeHHylo Ha

pHc.

33.

fopauHe

ra3bl, o6pa-

.3yrolr(Hecfl

npu

cxuraHr{r{

B

ropenKax conspoBofo MacJIa,

HanpaBJlsloTcfi

noA

MeraJlJrHqecKHe

Kopo6a,

KoTopble

pacKJr'aAbIBaIoT

HaA oTofpeBaeMofi

noBepxHocrbro

Mep3noro

rpyHra. llpu r.rry6l{He

rpoMep3aHHfl

rpyHra 0,8

ttt

'npor.r3BoAHTeJrbHocTb

raKoft

ycraHoBKH

3a cMeHy

AocTuraer

40

at IIpH

pac-

xoAe roproqero

Ha

ABe

ropeJlKvr

17 nl,a.

HHcrnryroM

JleHrunpounx(npoeKr

pa3pa6oraH

nepeABl{x(Hofi arperar

AJrff

OTOrpeBa

Mep3JrOrO rpyHTa

c

ucnoJIb3oBaHHeM cx{HxeHHoro

nponaHa.

3ta

ycraHoBxa

cocronT

r{s [epeABH)I(Horo

pesepByapa

cxHxeHHoro upo-

'naHa,

ncaapHTenff

c

ra3oBofi

ronxoft,

cr{cTeMbr

rpy6oflpoBoAoB, KoHTpoJrbHo-

.n3MepnTeJrbHbrx

r

pefynl{pypufix

npfi6opoB

H ropeJroK HHQpaKpacHoro

H3-

.JryqeHHfi,

c

noMoulbro Koropblx ororpeBaercfl Mep3Jrbrrl rpyHT. I-Iporpen

rpyHTa

npH

oAHocJror?HoM

orTaHBaHvH

Ha rJry6HHy

0,5

ttt

Aocrprraercfi

sa

6-8

'{.

HcnorrsoBanr{e

gneKTpuqecKoli

sHeptHH

AJrr

ororpeBa Mep3noro rpyH-

Ta

B OTAeJrbHbrX Cnyqaflx

qBJIfeTcs

HaH6onee

lAo6Hnrvr

no

cpaBHeHHro

^c

ApyrHMH

CnOCO6aMH OTOrpeBa, OCO6eHHO eCJrH nonyqeHue

erOii aUeprnn

ao3MoxHo

or

AeircrByloxlflx

KpynHblx npollrblrxJleHHbrx ycraHoBor(

HJrH ro-

poAcr{ofi

ceru o6ulero noJrb3oBaHHq.

Han6o.nee npocrofi,

Ho 6o.Fe

sHeproeMxufi

cnoco6 ororpeBa r{ep3noro

'rpyHTa

-

npu

noMouIH

noBepxHocTHblx ropH3oHTainbHbrx

HnH BeprHKaJrbHbrx

3.,leKTpOAOB.

lopusoHraJlbl{ble

gneKTpoAbl,

H3ForoBJreHHbre

H3 rroJroconoli

cra.nu

pas-

IrepoM

50X,5

n4.frt rr

AnHHofi

2-3 u,

yKJraAbrBaror

Ha

ocBo6oiKAeuHyro

or

,cHeFa

H

nbAa

noBepxHocTb

floAne]Kaulefo

oTorpeBy rlep3nofo

rpyHTa

H

3a-

€brnaror

cMoqeHHbrMH

l-2olo-HbrM pacrBopoM

noBapeHHoft

conH

ApeBecHbr-

:MH

onHJIKaMH cJIoeM

20-25

cu.

3ru

onHJIKH nJrorHo

yrpau6oebrBaror

ltaea

III. 3eunnnote

pa1orat

H

3acTHJraIoT

AByMfl

CJIOflMIt

TOJIfl

HJIH

py6epOHAa,

a nOTOM

Anff

yMeHbUe-

HHfl

TerrJtoflorepb

npucblnapr

cBepxy

cyxl]Mn onHJrKaMu

cJroeM 15-20

cu.

flponycxan

sJIeKTpHqecI(Hrl

ToK no

gneKTpoAaM,

pasorpeBaror

onH.rrKH,

cMorreHHbre

noBapeHHofi

co.nrp,

Ao

reMrreparypbr

80-90'c,

norou BpeMeH-

Ho

oTKJrIOqaIoT

TOK

H BKJTIOIIarcT

efo

CHOBa,

KaK TOJrbKo

TeMnepaTypa

cMo-

Psc.

33. Vcranosxa

Anq

ororpeBa

Mep3Jroro

rpyHra

/-xopo6a-H3

JrHcToBofi

craau,

ycTaHaBJIHBaeMbre

Ha

IIoBopoTaX;

2-To

)r(€r

Ha

yqacrKax;

J

-

ropenKH;

4

-

peauHoauft

unaHr HJIH craJrbHas

rpy6a;

d

-

6ax

aas

IIptMHX

TONJIHBA

'

Puc.

34.

Orraunauxe

rpyura Bep.rHKaJrbHbrMH

sJreKrpoAaMH

a-c

noc.leaoBareJl-b-HbIM

yray6aenneu

3neKTpoaoB;

6-c

yr.ly6aeHHeM

Ao

raJrono

rpyHra;

I,

II

u.f.l.f

-nouenoBarerbuocrb

orraHBaHufl

rpyrira;

1-ejlexrpoArr;

2

-

sneKrponpoBoaa;

J

-

onn'.xu;

ul-r#*i

ffi.ot6"oo"i:

s' n,epaarin--fo-f"1;

qeHHbIx

OnI'IJIOK

noHH3I4TCq

AO

50-60'C, u

erO

nOBTOpseTCfl

AO

Tex

nop,

nOKa

rpyHT

He

oTorpeeTcfl

Ha

BcIo

rny6HHy

3a

crreT Tenra,

noJryqeHHoro

oT

noAorpeBaeMbrx

SJreKTpHqecKHM

TOKOM

OnHJTOK.

OcHoeHHe

[oKa3areJrH

no orranBaHHIo Mep3noro

rpyHTa

ropugoHTanb-

iibiMri

noBepxHocTHbrMH

sJrerffpoAaMH npHB€AeUU

B Ta6JL

5.

flpn

ororpeBg

Mep3Jroro

rpyHra

Beprnr{aJrbHbrMu

sneKrpoAaMu,

rpeA-

craB.IIffIourlIMH

co6oli

aaoctpeHHbte

c

oAHoro

KoHrIa

crepx(Hu

Hs

apMaryp-

Hofi

crarn

AI'IaMsrpoM

12--19

ttu H

AJrHHotr

1,5-2

u

c

saxaJreHHbrM

KoH-

IroM,

3aocrpeHHbrM_

IIOA

^yrnoM

l5o,

Hx

ga'HBaror

B

Mep3nbrft

rpyHT

Ha

paccroflHHri

0,4-0,7

il.

3ro

paccroflHr{e

Bbr6upaercfl

B

SaBHCHMOCTH

OT

Banpffx(eHHfl

B

sJIeKTpocerH,

HarIaJIbHoIi

TelllltepaTypbr

ororpeBaeMoro

rpyH-

Ta,

ero

BHAa

H

BJIaXHOCTH.

$

25.

Pespaiorxa rpauuteil,

u KornooaHoa

I

suraHee

spertn

u a

cKa./tbHbm

epAvrax

Ta6axua

5

Cpe4une [oKa3areJtn

orrafiBaH[c

rpyHra ropr3oHTaJrbHHMH

sneKTpoAaMH

ua

r.ny6nHy 0,8

,r

B;raxnocrs

rgyara

t

/o

floxaaareas

Anure.runocrb

orrauBanufl

B

q

.

Pacxo,l

snexrposnepruu

a

rcar

.

uf

n3

florpe6aaeuafl

MourHocrb B t$r

flpu

ororpeBe

rpyHTa noBepxHocrHblMH

BepraKaJrbHbrlrH

3neKTpoAaMn

noBepxHocTb

rpyHTa TaKx(e orrHulaeTcfl

oT cHefa H ilbI.a

H nocbrnaeTcff

cMo-

qeHHbIMH

pacrBopoM

noBapeHHoft

conu onIrJIKaMH.

B Harrare

orraHBaHHfl

IIafpeBaloTcff

ToJIbKo 3TH

oIHJIKH

H oTorpeBaloT

BepxHnfi

cfiofi npoMep3rrrero

rpyHTa.

Sror

cJIoft

rpyHTa

craHoBnrcff

IIpoBoAHHKoM

sJreKrpuqecKoro

roKa

tr

HafpeBaercs,

a

HarpeBurHcb,

orAaer renJro

HH>KeJIe>KarqeMy

cnorc npo-

I\tep3lllero

rpyHTa H r.

A.

3a6unxa

sJreKTpoAoB

B Mep3Jrbrft

rpyHT

-

pa6ora

rpyAoeMKar,

nosro-

r\iy

nepBoHaqa.[bHo

sJreKTpoAbr

3a6HBaror

roJrbKo

Ha fJry6HHy

0,4-0,5

]t,

a

3areM

no Mepe

orraHBaHLIr rpyHTa

rrepe3

Kax(Abre

4-6

,t

npLI BbtKnrorreH-

HoM

ToKe

3aeI{TpoAbI

3a6HBaIor rJIy6)Ke

Ha

BefluqnHy

orraffBlrlero

3a

aro

BpeMfl

cJrofl fpyHTa.

OrtauBaHHe

rpyHTa

BeprnKaa-bubIMH

noBepxHocrHbrMH

sJreKTpoAaMu

cxeMaTHqecr{H

u3o6paxeHo

Ha

pHc.

34.

Teuneparypa

ororpeBaeMoro

rpyHTa

Ha ropu3oHTe,

yAaJreHHoM

or r.rc-

TOqHHXa

renJra

Ha

paccToflHHe

x,

o[peAeJrseTcff

IIo

Sopnay.rre

27

45-48

I,6-l

,7

20

50-55

2,3-2,4

(

l8)

(le)

rAe l"-

uauaJrbHaff

TeM[eparypa

rpyHTa;

t

*.,

-

TeMfleparypa

licrorrHaKa

renJra

;

t-

paccroqHHe

B il or

HcroqHlrKa

rerrJla

Ao

paccMarpuBaeMofo

ropH3oHTa

[porpeBa,

B KoropoM

olpeAew.etca

fr;

4

-

ycpeAHeHHaff

reMneparyponpoBoAHocrb

fpyHra;

. ?-BpeMqrrpofpeBaB{;

rl

.r

\

r

W;)-

Qysxunfl

KpaMra,

onpeAerrfl,eMar

uo

rpaeaKy,

npr.rBeAeHHo-

My Ha

prac.

35.

[7pn

t":0 nocne

npeo6pasonaHuri

fiofiy'{aercq

t"

:

t,-F (r".,-

l")

lt

-,

(h)1,

t(--=\

:r-

t,

\zl,t*

I

t^.,-tn

3aAasagcb

3Har{eHHnrvu

t,

fr

t^.r,

MOx<HO

CHaqaJIa

aHaJIHTHqeCKH,

a

ga-

TeM

rro rpaQHKy

safiru

BeJrHqHHy

apryMeHra

4:4-.

2l/ az

Ha

ocHosa*vrr

gToro

BbrpalKeHrrq

MoxHo

o[peAeJIHTb

HJrH

rpeBa

rpyHra

a,

Ha

sagaHHyro

rly6uny

r rto

SopMyJre

yz

--6,

(20)

BpeMrr

npo-

(2r},

f ttaea

III.

3eunnnote

Pa6orat

lrJIr.r

fJIy6HHy

orrar4BaHHs.

fpyHra

x 3a

BpeMfl.

z ilo

Qoptrty.ne

x

:

2nv-at

(22)

,U,onycruru,

qro

rpe6yercf

orIpeAeJIHrn

rnyOttuy

orrauB

aHHfl rpyHTa

ropH3oHTaJrbHbrr\,tH

rroBepxHocTHbIMH

gJIeKTpoAaMH

no HcTeqeHHH

96

.t

{4

cytox)

npu cpeAnefi

renrneparype

HcrorlHHKa rerIJIa

tn.r:7.5"

C, HaqaJIb-

rrofi reuneparype

ororpeBaeMoro

rpyHra

tr--6"C

a

ycpeAHeHHoM xosQ-

,$nqraeHre

reniro[poBoAHocrtt

a

:

0,0008.

J-=n

02

Q4

0,6

0,8

l,o

1,2 1,4

1,6

t,E

2,0

zYul

Puc. 35.

fpat[ux

QYnxuuu

KPauna

CHa.rana onpeAeJrrrror

3Har{eHHe

apryMeHra

QyuKLIHH

Kpauna

no

Qop'

wry.re

(19)

f:l-=-j-

-1-+:0,94.

'

75

-

(-6)

8l

flo

rpaQr-rr(y

Ha

pzc.

35

onpeAerrslolrl:1,35,

a 3areM

no

Sopn'ryne'(22)

*IAXOAflT

x

:

2'

1,35

/TF0dBT6-:

0,75

u.

AHanorll.rHHN{

flyreM

Mo)r(Ho

onpeAeJlHm

r.ny6uHy.

ororpeBa

rpyHTa

,H

BepTHr(aJrbHbrMH

noBepxHocTHbrMrr

gJIeKTpOAaMU

'''JLU Ha OCHOBaHHU

TeX

xe

QopnryJr

onpeAeJlnrb

BpeMfl,.

ueo6xoAtlMoe

AJIff

ororpeBa

rpyHTa

Ha

3a-

.r(aHHyFo

rny6llHy npn oirpeAeJreHHofi

Haqa.IlbHoft

revrneparype

ororpeBaeMo-

fG fpyHTa

H

HcToqHI,IKe

TenJIa.

Ilocxonrry

flpEMeHeHue

ttoBepxHocrHbIx

BeprLIKaJIbHbIx

sJIeKTpoAoB

rpe6yer

MHoroKparuofi ux

ga6HBKH,

xorff

Kax4uri

pas

H Ha

He6oJIbIIIyrc

r.ny6uHy,

TeMnbr

ororpeBa

rpyHTa

n

npou3.Bo4crBa

pa6ot.

3aMeAnllorcff.

Eo.nee

[peAnorrraTeJrbHbrM

sBrqercq

cnoco6

ororpeBa

ryIep3Jloro

rpyH-

ra r.ny6uHHbIMH

BepTHKanbHbIMI,I

aJIeKrpoAaMH

(cu.

pnc.

34,6),

Koropble

cpa3y

>Ke

norpy)Karorcfl

Ha

Bcro

To.luly

npoMepslllero

rpyHra c

BbIxoAoM

Hx

HH>xHero KoHrra e raruft

rpyHr.

Tannrrt

rpyHT

sBJlflercfl

xopoutrM npo-

BOAHHKOM

SneKTpHrreCKOrO

TOKa

H,

HafpeBafcb,

B_nepBylo

oqepeAb

oTAaeT

cBoe TenJIo BbIIIIeJIex<aqeMy

Mep3JIoMy

rpyHTy.

Taxnu o6pasorvr

oTorpeB

nrananrlF^

Frr\rure ururrura'nncr .qil?v

r,r ue

rne6veT aAIITIZThI nr refi.norrorenh

v

ryJ

r--J--

'qepe3

noBepxHocrsuft c.nofi

s

aruocQepy.

Cxenaa ororpeBa

r.ny6uHHlrMri

BepTHKaJIbHbIMH

oJIeKTpoAaMH neo6pa-

)KeHa

Ha

pHc.

36. S.nexrpoAbr

sa6r4salor

gJleKTpoor6oftnlturE

HJIH [HeBMa-

THqecKHMH

MOJTOTKaMH

B IIIaXMaTHOM

nOpsAKe

C

paccToflHlleM

MeXAy

AByMfl

6anx<arirunurr

oJreKTpoAaMH

B

nlo6oM

Mecre

b:0,866

@

(rae

a-paccroff-

+{r.re

rvre)KAy

3.{eKTpoAaMH

B

pflAy, a

b

-

paccToflHHe

Me)KAy

pfiAa}rH

3JleK-

rpoaon).

A.ns

npaBr.rnbHocrn

H

ycKopeHuq

ga6unxlt

3JIeKTpoAoB

npnMeHqlor

0,6

0,4

f

25. Paspa6orrca

rpanuert

n

KorJroaaHo7

I

suf,LHee

speJt4e

u a

cKartbHux epgHrax

65

ura6.nouu

B

Br4Ae

paMbr

c HaTflHyTbIMH

npOBOJIOKaMH,

MeCTa flepeceqeHHff

Koropblx coorBercrBylor

MecraM

sa6tlnxu

sJIeKTpoAoB.

B

uerqx

3KOHOMITH

SJreKTpOSHepfHr{

TOK

BbIKJIIOqa[OT, He

AOBOAff

OT-

TaHBarrHe

rpyHra

Ao

noBepxHocTn

Ha

15-20

cu,

TaK KaK

TaKafl KopKa

Psc.

36.

Cxeua

pa3MeueHns

B

rIJIaHe

BeprHKaJIbHbtx

3neKrpoAoB

Anff

ororpeBa

Mep3noro fpyllra

a

-

[JraH; 6

-

paspes;

/

-

nporaann

a;

2

-

eaextpoAu;

8-crer;

4

-

ctrofr nepsaoro

*tlTrrf;fo&T#

u

-

otra*urufi

rpynt;

0

$,

:2

€

s

q,

O.\

\

A!

s

\

E

t

qt

s

cb

s

\

$

\

q.

>

aa

tt

\

qi

\

q)

a

\

q,

\

CJ

\

a

Puc. 37. fpa$ux

3aBHcI{-

MOCTH npOAOJrXHTenbHo-

cTlr

orTafiBaHHfl

rpyHTa

or

r.iry6nuu

ero npoMep-

3AHHf

/-npu ocrarxe

Mep3roro

cro.q

ray6nuofi 0,25

t; 2

-

ro

x(e,

ray6rxofi 0,4

,tc

fnltduna

tzpofiefsatua

0o

Puc.

38.

fpaQur

pacxoAa

3neKrpo3Heprr.ru

Ha I u3

orTaHBaeMoro

IpyHTa

B

3aBr{cHMocrn

or

ray6nun

ero npoMep3aHHf

I

-

npn

orrar{Banuu ray6nroi

,qo

0,25 n; 2

-

ro )r(e, ray6n-

nof,

go

0,4

.x

ftruduttd

nndueianuun E n

..rv.

'v7--

l(

cenu

3E06

0

ltaaa

III. Seunnnue

pa6orot

Mep3JIOfO

rpyHTa

OTTaHBaer 3a

cqeT Te[Jla,

HaKOTTJIeHHO|O

B HLI]I(eJIeX(aU{HX

c",roflx

oTofpeTofo

rpyHTa.

Ha

puc.

37 n

pr.rne,leHbr

rp aQ

I4 KH npoAoJlx(HTeJrbHocrrz

orra HBaHHfl.

rpyH-

Ta,

a

Ha

pnc.

38

-

rpaQHKH

pacxoAa

oJreKrposHepruH

B

3aBncHMocrr.r

or

fJry6HHbr

npoMep3aHHff

.

Ann

ororpeBa

Mep3nofo

rpyHTa npHMeHflIoT

TaKlr(e

gJreKTpor.rfJrbr

c

HH)KHr,rM

HaFpeBoM.

,

3nexrpoui.na

c HHxHr{M

HarpeBoM

-npeAcras.nser

co6oft

crannuyro rpy-

6y

AnauerpoM

42-60

lvu,t H

4.nunoit

I,2-1,5

tvt,

B

Koropyro

BcraBJrflror

r{a-

rpeBaTeJIHryIO

Hr4XpOMOBylO

Crrr4paJlb

r4

3acbrrraroT

qHcTbrM

KBapqetsbrM

flec-

KoM.

B

uuxHeft

qacrr.r

HTJIbI

pasMelrlalorcfl

ruecrb

cnupa.nerlr

A.nuuoft

tto

500

nw

:rany^Aae,,

a B BepxHeti

qacrn

HTJIII HMeercfl

BHJTKa

AJrfl

noAKflroqe-

HLrff

ee

K

gJreKTpa.recxoft

ceru.

XuArocruo-craruqecKaq

HrJIa npeAcraBJrfler

co6ofi

orpe3oK

crs.rbHoir

tpy6u

Ar.raMerporrr

60

irtt

14

A.nuHofi

1,2

tt, BHyrpH

roropori

pa3Merrtarorcfl

H

HXpO}I

OBhIe

CIIHp a ilu,

H3O Jrurp

oB aHH ble TeKCTOJI

trTOM.

!,.n4

norpyxeHns

)KnAKocrHo-crarnl{ecKr-rx

gJreKTpour.lr

B fpyHT

trpe,a,-

BapHreJIbHo

npo6ypuBalor^trlrypbl

AHaMerpoM

ua

3-5

uu

6onee

Arunn"tpu

ftfJrbr

n ua rny6uny

0,7-0,8

ro.nuluHbr [poMep3rirero

cJros.

lllr.nu

BKJIIoqaTT

B

cerb rrepeMeHHoro

roKa

Hanps)KeHuev

220

6l rroc,rre-

AoBareJrbHo,

rpynnaMH

no

24-35

:rur.

B rpyHTe

IIr[ypoB,

qTo

AocTufaeTcfl

[yTeM rloAcbrnKr4

cyxofo

necKa

B npo-

crpaHcrBo

Mex(Ay

rpyHTorrf

Lt eJrerffpournofi

flocJre

norpy)r(eHHfl

ee B

rrrnyp.

Meps.nufi

rpyHT

orragBaroT TaKxe

fipn

noMou{H

napoBbrx

a r,e,rfl,-

HbIX

HTJI.

Tax

xax

fpyHT

ororpeBaercfl flapoM,

oH

noryqaer

Ao[oJrHr.rreJrbHoe

vBJIaxGeHI{e

u

nocJle

paapa6orKn,

ocrbrBafl

H cMep3aflcb,

cogAaeT

AotIoJrHH-

Te.II_bHbIe

rpyAHocrr.r

npn HcnoJrb3oBaHzfi

ero

Ma

o6parrrorl

BacbrrrKr,r.

B no-

Ao6sux

cryrraflx

nn6o

He

flpr,rMeHflror

ororpeB

rpyHra

flapoM,

nu6o

Lns

sacbrnKH

lrcnonb3ytor

ralrrfi

rpyHT c

Apyfnx

yqacrKoB

HJrH

rrOABO3rr

Apy-

rofi

ra.nufi

rpyHr,

qau{e

Bcero

cyxori

uecoK.

B

tarnx

cJyqarx

BMecro

napoBblx HrJr

AJrs

ororpeBa

rpyHTa

rzcflo"qb-

3yIoT

BoArHbIe

IIHpKyJIfluHoHHbre

r4rJrbr,

cocroflrrlHe

H3

BHelrlrrefi

rnv6u nvr a-

$

25. Paapa6orrca

rpauueil u

rcorttoEaHoE

I

3ufiHee

Epe.ttn

u a cKa.LbHblx

epgHrax 67

lpy6e npaBapeH

orpocror(

c Hape3Koft

n.rrs

npHcoeAHHeHHfl

HrJrbr

x

o6ruerrly

rpy6onpoBoAy,

orBoAqrqeMy

oxaaAr.rBrrryrocn B

r.rrJrax soAy K

KorJry.

flpu

omanBatuu

rpyHTa aro6uu

cnoco6ou

cJreAyer r.rMerb

B BHAy,

qro

uer

Heo6xoAuMocrrr

ororpeBarb ero

Ha

Bcro

r.rry6nHy,

TaK KaK

nepxunli

clor:r

Ha

ronlquuy

0,25-0,3

u, a HHorAa H

Ao

0,5

u

6es oco6ux

sarpy,uHeHr.rfi

Mo)r(er 6ntrl

paepa6oraH

gKcKaBaropoM

Brvrecre

c

Jre)KauIHM

noA

eroft xop-

xofi

ororperbri\{ tpyHToM.

Pnc.

39.

Cxelta

pactronoxeHgs BoArHbIx IlHpKynflql{oHHbIX

HIJI

IIpH oTTaHBaHLIH

rpyHTa

d-fl:1.aH:6-paepes;

/-noAaqa

ropsqefi

Bo,q,bl or

KorJra

IIo

ycraHoBJIeH'

HoMy

rpy6onpoaoay;

2

-

BbrnycK

ox.laxAeHnoft

BoAbt B

KoreJrbHyro;

3

-

Hacoc

Cnoco6

ororpeBa

Mep3Jloro

rpyHra nu6upaercn

c

y'{eroM

I\{ecrHbIX

ycaoar.rr?

(Hanuuue

roA3eMHbIx

rpy6onpoBoAoB

H

Apyrlzx

KoIuN{yHHKa\Hir,

rrpoxoAflulux 6luz MecTa

oTolpeBa

MepsJloro rpyHTa,

HaJIHqHe

B

rpyHTe

BaJryHoB,

crapblx

QyH,u,aueuroB

LI

T.

A.).

S.nerrpoororpeB

rpyHTa

HcKrloqaercq

rtpn HarHr{r,ru no6,rngocru

Me-

T2rTJrHttr€CXUX

TDV60IIDOBO.iLOB

U Xa6e.leit. TaK KaK

VTeqKa

qeDe3

rDVI{T

SJIeK-

f J L

'

TpHrrecKofo ToKa MolKeT

rroBecTH K

3JIeKTpoKoppo3LIu yKa3aHHbrx

KoMMy-

sllxaqnfi.

llpnrraeHeHne

napa

r{cKJItoqaercfl B Tex

cryqaflx, KorAa

ororperuir

fpyHT

AoJrxeH

rrpoJrexarb HeKoropoe

BpeMf

Ha

i\{opose nepeA

efo HcnoJIb-

3oBaHueM

4.rrn

o6parsofi

gaculnru.

Bu6op roro

HJrH

r.rHofo

cnoco6a

ororpeBa

o6ycnoennBaercfl

rraJrHqHeM

rr

yAo6crBaMH

r{cnoJrb3oBaHHr

3JIeKTpHqecxoft

rEnu rennosorl

3Heprr{H

B rue-

crax

paspa6orKl{

Mep3JIbIX

rpyHroB.

5*

6)

68

f taaa III. 3e,vnnnue

pa6orot

_

flpn

aroAl

AoJIxiHu

6urn npIIHflTbI Bo BHHMaHrre

u sr(oHoMgrrHocrb

pa3-

pa6orxu

rpyHTa,

H

cKopocrb BbInoJIHeuua

pa6or,

BKJrrogafl

H noAroroBgTeJrb-

Hbre,

cBq3aHHbre

c

iloraqerl SreKTpHr{ecrcok

unu

tennogoft

3HeprpIH.

llpur

crpouTeJlbcrBe

rpy6onpoBoAoB

r{acro

Bo3HHKaer

ueo6xornyocrh

paap-5orI(H

TpaHueti e cxaflbHblx

rpyHTax,

qro

norrru

BcerAa

cBff3ago

c

rrpg-

MeHeHHeM

BspbrBrrarbtx

BerrrecrB, nosToMy

npH

[poKnaAKe

rpy6onpoBoAoB

no

ropoAcrofi

repprrroplrr4

LtJtLr Ha

reppltropl{H

npe4npnarnfi

Bo3HHKaror

6o.ntuue

ocr'Io)KH€Hra.

BspriBHbte

pa6ornt

o6uqHo

BbrnoJrHrrrcr

no

npoeK-

PNc.

40.

paspa6orka

3KcKaBaropoM

rpyHra, pa3Apo6_

JTeHHOTO

83pbrBoM

'

a-rpyca

t; 6-npyca

II;

I

u

2_orsalr

coorsercrbeHno

-

Mrrxoro

H

cKaJrbHoro rpyHToB;

J

_

caofi

MsrKoro

rpynTa;

4

-

cKana:5

-

nacrna

13 rrHBeHTapHbrx

u{HToB

DbIX- neneIIRHr.2qCI- Elltn:rL ^nu

trtaurrrorr

noonoK.-Lrhn^6

$

26- Paapa6orxq epgHrol eudpone.rauuqecKur't

cnoco6ott

I npyc

pa3Apo6aeHHoro

cKaJlbHofo rp.vHTa

paspa6arbrBaercr

oAHoKoB-

rrroBbrlr

9r(cKaBaTopoM,

o6opy4onaHHbrM

o6parnolt

Jro[aTor?

(puc.

40,

a).

Cxa.nnnurr?

rpyHT orcblnaroT

3a orBaJror{

pbrxJroro

rpyHTa,

He

Ao[ycKar

nepe-

MCIilI.IBAHHfl C

NOCTCAHHM.

Ec.rH npu

noApblBe cKaJrbHoro rpyHra

Bo II fipyce Kpas

rpaHrrren I spyca

oKa3aJrHcb TaKx(e

pa3Apo6JreHHbrMH,

To

AJrfl

rrpoxoAa

gKcKaBaTopa

BAonb

TpaHIIIeu

ycTpaHBaIroT

c[eIIHaJIbHbII:I HaCTHJI

(puc.

40,6)

Vs

HHBeHTapHbrX

MeTaJrJrHqecKnx

u{HToB, IlpeAcTaBJr.flrou{r4x

co6or; naKeTbr

H3

AByraBponul

6a-

JroK,

cKpenJieHHblx ilonepeqHblMH

rroJlocaMH

JrHcronofi

Cra,rn.

Sxcxasarop nepeABnfaercfl

Ha

paccroflHr4e,

paBuoe

uupr.rHe

AByx

uIH-

ToE- Ocso6oxAarouuricr u{KT

fleper(JraAbrBaror sKcKaBaropoM

Ha

Apyryr.o

cropoHy, 3areM

paspa6arorBaercs

cxa.nrurtfi rpyHT

II npyca.

s

26.

PA3PAEOTKA TPyHTOB THAPOMEXAHHqECKHM

CnOCOBOM

I-Ipr.r na4po[{exaHuqecKor\{ cnoco6e

r.Irfr

pa3pa60rr{r.{,

nepeMerr{eHHfl

r.r

yHflaAKH

fpyHroB

HcrroJrb3yercrr

BoAa.

flpuueunrorcfl

ABa

croco6a ruapoMexaHnqecxofi paapa6orxn

rpyHToB:

t)

pa3MbrB

rpyHTa r\{oulHoft BoAflHofi

crpyeft, HanpaBJrfleMoft

rpu noMo-

xIH cneur.raJrbHoii ycTaHoBKH

-

rHApoMoHHropa;

2)

BcacbIBaHHe rpyHTa

BoAflHbIMH

crpyrMrr

rrepe3

Tpy6y u,'ru rrrJraHr,

noAKrroqeHHbre

x

qenrpo6elr(HoMy

Hacocy

-

3eMJrecocy;

npH 3roM cnoco6e

qacro

npl{I{eHrercfl

npeABapnTeJrbHoe r\,rexaHrrqecKoe

pbrxreHrre

rpyHTa s6ilt-

3H BCaCbrB

aroilIefo OTBepCTHff

PaslKuxeuHblft

BoAofi

rpyHT, Ha3blBaeMntfi

ny"uunoft,

nepeueqaercr

ca-

MOTeKOM

nO Tpy6aM, JIOTKaT{

H

Aa}Ke

IrO

eCTeCTBeHHOMy

CKJTOHy

MeCTHOCTH,

ecJlr{ MecTo

pa3pa6oTKr.r

pacnoJrara'ercq

Bbrrrre

MecTa

yxnaAxra.

flyanny

ne-

pexaquBaroT

HacocaM[ lto rpy6olpoBoAaM

B Tex

cJryqarx, KorAa

sa6ofi

pac-

noJraraeTcr

HHx{e MecTa

yKnaAKH

fpyHTa.

flpr.r

yr.rraAKe

rpyuTa

B coopyxeHrifl

crporo

ycraHoBJreHHono

npoAoJrb-

HoFo

lr nonepeqHofo npoQHJIff

pa6orbl

BbrnoJrHfirorcff

rro flpoeKry npoH3BoA-

cTBa

pa6or,

o6ecneql4nalouleMy HaAJre)KaUyro

AocraBKy

r{

pacnpeAeJreHHe

rplmra

HaMbrBaeMoro

coopyxeHaff u orBoA

ocBo6oAuBrrrer?cff

BoAbr.

Heo6xoAnMo

LIMerb

B

BHAy,

qro

uau6oJree

rflx(eJrbre

cocraBHbre

qacrH

rpyrrra

BbrnaAaror

cKopee,

nogroMy

B Tex

cJryqasx, KorAa rpe6yerca

o6ecne-

tIHTb

oAHopoAHHft

cocras

yKnaAblBaeMoro

rpyHTa

no ncefi

Macce HaMbrBaeMo-

ro

coopyx{eHrrfl,

AoJrx(HbI

6uru

[pI,IHfTbr

Mepbr

K cooTBeTcTByroqeMy

pacnpe-

AeJIeHr{ro AocraBJrfleuorl

[yJIbnbI. Srnu

csoftcrgolr

qacro

noJrbgyrorcfl

AJrr-

QpaxqraouupoBauafl

Ao6brBaeruoro

H3 BoAoeMoB rpaBr,rfl

r.r [ecKa,

HarrpaBJrsfi

pa3ubre

Qparqan

B orAeJrbuble

orceKu u.irH 6yuxepa.

flpr.l 6.naronpnrrrHbrx

MecrHblx

ycJroBr{ffx

fi

Haililqurr

BoAbr

rn4pouexa-

Hnsarrus

-

Hau6oJree

aQ+eKTHsriHIi

cnoco6 npon3BoAcrBa

seMJrffHbrx

pa6or,

qro

sBJrffeTcg cJreAcTBr.reNr

HenpepblBl{ocrr.r

H

aBTor\{aTI{qHocTH

ee npoqeccoB,

B

pe3yJrbTaTe

qero

oHa

HarrrJra

IIIHpoKoe npHMeHeHHe

B npoMbrrrrJreHHolu,

xe,rre3HoAopolKHoM

lr,

oco6euuo, n KpynHoM

rHAporexHHqecKoM

crpoII-

TEJIbCTBC.

HayuHo-uccJreAoBareJrbcKHft

LIHcruTyr^^!pranngaqlw,

MexaHH3arIHH

- I OAc) t OA? --

fl

liE.^'flrl'tcLl\\-rfl

llulvlvll4t.r

LrPvrlrsJrDLrEy

D

rJvL-L

JWL,

lI.

IIP\.rDEJI lcinnnv-

3KO!{OMHIICCKHE ITCCJIEAOBAHHfl

NPHMCHCHHq

CPCACTE

TIIAPOMEXAHfiSAT\HII

H

gKcKaBaropoB

c

aBTocalrocBailaM:a

Lllfl

paspa6orKH,

TpaHcnoprnpoB aHL,,fl

H

grcbrnKH

rpyHToB Ha cTpoHTeJIbHbIx

nJIouIaAKax

npH

AaJrbHocTH

rrepeMe-

rrIeEHfl rpyHra

100 u

200

tt. Pesy.nmarbl erHX HccaeAoBauufi rpaoHqecKH

noKa3aHbr

ua

pHc.4l.

3Ha,rtarerbHbre

o6reuur ruApoMexaHH3HpoBaHHbrx

pa6or

BblnoJrHffrorcg

npll HaMbrBe

[JrouIaAoK

npoMb[rrJreHHL,rx npeAnpHATuft, BbteMKe

KoTJroBaHoB

I'aaea III.

3ett,,Lnnate pa6oru

ron

QyHAarvreHTbr

uexoBbrx

s/.atnil

n o6opyAoBaHus,

Ao6brqe

HepyAHbrx

Ma-

TepHaJIoB,_

BcKpbITHH

KapbepoB

UcMeHTHoro

cblpbff.

B 6o.nulrux

o6beMax

Be-

Ayrct

pa6oTbr

rro

HaMbrBy

y no6epe)Kbfi

Kacnuficxoro

Mopq

LaM6

H ocgoBa-

HHtl

Anq

6yponux

BbrrueK HeQTrHbrx cKBax(HH

H

T.

A.

VcraHosxa

Ailfr.

ruApoMexaHn'Iecxoll

paspa6orxu

rpyHTa

cocroffT vt3

creAyroqux

qacreft

(puc.

42):

a)

coopy>KeHHfl.

Ats.

noAarrn BoAbr

x sa6orc (eo4onpHeMHHK,

HacocHas

craHrlu.fl,

Hanopurrfi

r.r

pasBoAflurue

rpy6onpono4u)

;

6)

cHapflAbr

Arrff

pa3MbrBa

rpyH-

Ta

-

ruApoMoHr,rTopbr;

e)

coopyxeHnfi

Ailn

nepeMerqe-

Hr.rfl

pasx<H)KeHHoro

rpyHTa

or

sa6os

K

orBaJry (norxu,

rpy6onpoBoAbr,

Ha-

cocbr

H senn"uecocn);

_

r)

coopyxeHhfl.

I.Irr

orBoAa

orpa-

6oraHnofi

BoAbr (aoAoctrnntr,

KoJroA-

IlbI,

JrorKrt

ri

xaHaelt).

llpu

npoueno4irne

pa6or

no

pasMbrBy

rpyHra

pa3fiHqaror

ABa

oc-

HOBHbTX

noJrox(eHHs

fHApolvroHtrTopa

oTHocuTeJrruo

ga6oq:

I

)

Ha

noBepxHocru

sa6os

-

pa3-

MbrB

no

cxeMe

nonyrHoro

ea6on;

2)

Ha

noJrorHe

sa6ofl.

-

pa3MbrB

no

cxeMe

BcrperiHoro

ga6og.

poeotua

?pgHma

PasMrre

rpyHTa

no

Cxenre

nonyr_

psc.

41.

3ae'c'Naocrr

ce6ecroxuocr

Horo

ea6of,

MeHee

npol{gBoAHTeJIeH,

paspa6orxu,

rpa'crroprnoourrrr"

"

ot1

Ho

B

gToM

cJlyqae

rnAPottotll{TopllrlaK

cbInKH

(6ea

yn.norHeuna)

rpynra

or

MO)KeT

ynpaBJlflTb

IIOTOKOM

nyJlbnbl,

AarrbHocrH

efo

rpaHcroprHpoBaHr.rfl

rrpH

eMy

He

yl-pox{aer

o6ean

fpyHTa

B

3a-

HcIIorb3oBaHllPI

rl.IApo]rexaHrisauHH

ll

6oe,

r,r nepecraHoBKa

IHApOMOHI,ITOpa

3KCKaBaTopoB

c aBTOCaMOCBaJTaT\{I{

/-3-153;

2-3-3042

3-e-21r: 4-3-50i

MeHee

TpyAOeMKa'

r

-

rvapoycraHoBKa

AHaMerpoM

r00

"ii

flpu

pasublBe

rpyHTa

no

cxeMe

9

-ffi?""*""ff:[:*#3;Yi'b"]'-

{fr"t#ri

Bcrpeqnoro

sa6oq

-

nporesnoAnrerrb-

9-

fI3c-4A;

/r-3rM-6

(ycrosHd HocTb

BbIIue,

TaK

KaK

noAMbITbIft

cnpt-

arts

'o'1i'o"".ol'41ooT}"X!t"1lffi

np'H'ra

3y

rpyHT

o6eanusaetcq

nol

Aeficreu-

eu

co6crneuHorl

rffiKecrr{

u

pasnpo6-

JIfeTCt

IIpH

naAeHI,II{,

B CBflsr4

C

rIeM

He

rpe6yercr

pacxoA

3HeprfiH

rya

Apo6reHue,

Ho

BosHuKaror

rpyAHgcra

c

)-npaBJIeHEeM

norol(oM

nyJlbn_rt. fH4poMoHlrrop

Aonx(eH

6urr y4anen

or

3a-

6oq

HacroJrbKo,

qro6H

npra

odna.ne rpyHra

He

nocrpa

Aarr'""

rirapo*oH'Top-

u{HK,

Hl.r

o6opyAoBaHze.

VAa.neHue

ruApoMoHuropa

or

ga6os

seAer

K

p$Ko_

My

cHI{xeHHro

cHJrbr

pa3MbrBa

u rpe6yer

yBefiHrreHHfl

Hanopa

crpyr{.

f,,nn

_paspa6orxu

6onrursx

KorJroBaHoB

BoAolpueMHbrx

6eperonsrx

co-

oP)'x(esHli

Ha

AHe

peK,

o3ep

LIJILI

Apyrux

6o.nlnux

orxpmrui

BoAoeMoB

I4croJrbsyror

nrraByrrue

3eMcHapflAbr (puc.

48).

floa

oasoa6orxe Kor.noRaI{A vrz.*nilqrrrAF^r.q D

Eov^Tnnn'

r,,nw^,,,i,, ^-

z ^-

r

I

f

_ _

_-__ g,

-^q.rvA,rqvr

vL,r

u

rrvrlvrvyvlYl

JAaJlgrlfrn

ur

oepera,

cHarlara

paspa6arblBalor

BxoAHyIo

rpaHrrrerc,

no

xoiopor?

serucnapn4

IIoAUIbIBaer

r

6yayuleMy

KorJroBaHy_,

a 3areM

BoAy,

[oABoAHMyro

rpanrueefi,

lrcnoJrb3y]or

AJrfi

rHApoMexaHH.recxor?

paepa6orKH

rpyHTa

S

xornosaue.

fle_pnnrerp

AHa

KorJIoBaHa

u rpacCy

noABoAHofi-ipaHruen

B

3aBucr4Mocru

ot

r.ny6uHbl

orMeqaFor

Ha soAHoIl

noBepxHocru

n.rraByquMg

crBopHbrMlr

3Ha-

KaMI'I (6areHauvt,

6yftxattu)

H.rrH

TbIqKoBbIMH

sexaMtr.

Hoquro

cinoprr

ocBe-

Irralorcfl

Qon

a

parr,r

r.r.

6,7

EO

50

tt0

30.

I

T0.l

6q

ao

\

q,

E

a

E

rJ

s

o

E

(,

ar'

\

q,

\)

-?''

=:=-

_€_:i_=-

l5

0

200

t,

.Q,

a

n

o

a

o c mb

mpa

H cn

opm

u

-

$

26.

Paapa1otrca

zpguroa

eu}ponexaHuqecKutit

cnoco6on

I-Ipu ctpoHTeJlbcrBe AIoKepoB

Aflq

pa3pa6orxn

rpauruefi

rroA BoAoit

c

uc'

noJrb3OBaHHeI\{

MOUIHoCTH

HaIIopHOIi

ctpyv

g.nr,,

pa3MblBa rpyHTa

trpHMeHflIOT

fHApoMoHHropbI.

,

Puc.

12. Cxelra

ruApoMoHllropuofi

paspa6orxu

rpyHra e

sa6oe,

nepeAaqn

fi

3aKJIanI(W ero B

Hacblflb

I-sa6oft;2-ruApouonurop;_3-npHqMoK.Ilnf

npHeMa cToKa

pa3xH)t(eHHoto

rpyHTa

(ny.nrnu):

4-geuleioCqas

ycraHosxa;5-nynbnoBoA:6-KapTa

HaMblBa;

/-BblnyCKH B

pa3BoAsxieM

nyninonoie;

8

-

ioaoc6opnlrft

xoaoa.eq;

9

-

no4oc6opnaa

rpy6al l0

-

KonoAeq

orcroftnuxa;

/i

.-

nacocraq

craHqun

A.ra

noAavx

r;3?"##H":i

"?%"J;or,

_

ocHoBr{an

HacocHa,

craHqHr;

.,I

Puc.

43.

O6urnfi

BHA 3eMJlecocnoro

cHapqAa 1000-80

d -^^^,,-^,^

1

-

pbtxnllteJrb rPynra;

z

-

bldLflDauqar

rPJva,

-

A!..rqrLJru,

s

LrstrvP'Ls'.

'Prv!,

'

6

-

nyilnoeba;

7

-caan

Aag

garpenaeuafl

3eMcHapsaa

s

pa6oqeu

noJIo)KeHHa

Paspa6orKa

[oABoAHbrx

rpan-ureir

THApoMoHLITopHbIMH

ycraHoBKaMH

npog3BoAnrcf

AByMs

cnoco6auu.

flpr.r

oAHoM

croco6e

pasMbIB

rpy5ra npo-

H3BoAnT

BoAoJra3,

H MorrlHocrb

ycTaHoBKu

orpaHI{qHBaeTcfl cHJIofi

BoAoJIa3a,

rrepeMeuraulero

uanopuufi

.rrrJraHr

rHApoMoHHTopa,

pacxoA

BoAbI

B

KoropoM

He

AOJrx(eH

npeBblllrarb

30

af cerc,

a

Harlop

-9-10

ar.

t;

f

i

f

ttaaa

III. Se,utnuote

pa6orot

I-lpu

nropoM

cfloco6e

ynpaBJIeHHe

ruApoMoHnTopoM

npousBoAuTcff

cnrra-

ByqHx

cpeAcrB,

a

BoAoJra3

ToJrbKo

nepHoAHqeCKH

npoBeprer

paspa6orxy

TpaHIUeH

Ha

AHe

BoAoeMa,

ecJrH

3Ta rlpoBepKa

He

ocyqecrBJrflercfl

ApyfHMtr

CPCACTBAMH.

Pnc.

44.

Cxeua

rnApoMoHnropuori

ycraHoBKH

ytlfM-360

.l--n-oHronu;

-2

-

_r.acos,

|B-XJ2X2;

J

-

Asflrarert 3.[,-12;

4

_

TeJecKo_

nHqecKar

rpy6a;

5

H 6-_ae6eAxn

fpy3orro.(beMHocrbro

cooruercrseHHo

I

u 3

r;7

-ruApoxoalrTopna:I

EacaAra

D,,^ A<

(-,.^-.^

r

4Lr

ru.

vAEMd

rrAPabJrnlEur|utl

yLr<lnub|an

AJrx

PaJPaUoTKI{

IpyHTa

B

TOHHeJIe

-l

--

rnapoMoHnropurtft

pac[peAennTe,nr

nanopuofi

gojlbt

c.co[JraMH;

2

-

uapoBoe

coeAunenue;

J-re-

JIe)KKa

c

ABItrareJIeM

Ant

nepeMerlleHHs

rHApoMoHHTopa;

4

-

HacocHaq

ycrauonxa;

5

-- gcacbrBarouaq

qacrb

nyJrbrroso,q,a;6-rpff3eBFr,e

Hacocbr:7-.uo,qomaa

nupa60rxn;

g-csoA

iriruoor*"----'

flepnuft

cnoco6

pa3MbIBa

rpyHTa

Ha

AHe

BoAoeMoB

c

ucnoJrb3oBaHgerl

TsxeJlofo

Qusnuecxoro

rpyAa BoAoJIa3oB

AonycKaeTcff

ToJrbKo

npu

MaJrbrx

o6reuax

[oABoAHbrx

pa6or

r.r orcyrcrBuu Bo3MoxHocrrr

rrpHMeHeHHfi

ApyrHx

$

27.

3acotnrca

rpauued

u

AntorHeHue

epgHra

s

27.

SACbIIKA

TPAHTTIEH

H

yrrJroTHEHHE

rpyHTA

HepacKpenJleHHblx

rpaHllleil

HJIH

x{e

us BaJra

rpyHTa,

BbrdporueHHoro

MHoro-

KoBIIIoBbIMH

3KcKaBaTopaMH

Bo

BpeMfl

pa3pa6oTKrr

TpaHrueir

c oTBecHbrMH

CTEHKAMH.

!4n

npvrcbrflKn

Tpy6onpoBoAoB

6onr,ursx pa3r\{epoB

Tpe6yercq

3HaqH-

TeJIbHOe

KOJII4qeCTBO

rpyHTa,

[O3TOIVIy

npHCbIIIKa

fiX OCyUeCTBrfleTCq

IUeXa-

HH3HpoBaHHbIM

ctloco6oM

c

HcloJIb3oBaHLIeil{

oAHoKoBtrroBblx

gKcKaBaroDoB

co

creuuaJrbHbrM

o6opyAoBaHHeM

B BHAe

CKpe6KOB.

fIpIE

ne6oJlbllroft

IUHpHHe

rpaHrueri

H orHocureJrbHo

He6orbrrnx o6be-

Max fpyHTa,

ucrroJrb3yeMoro

AJrfl

npHcbr[KH

Tpy6onpoBoAa

Ha eAHHHqy

efo

Bo

apeua rpHcbIrKH

rpy6onpoBoAa

(oco6eHHo

tr3 KepaMHqecKHx

HJru

ac6ecroIIeMeHTHbIx

rpy6) He

AofiycKaercff

noBpe)r(AeHr]e yAapaMr{

KaKHx-

JIH6O

TBepAbrX

[peAMeroB, KOTOpbre

Mofyr

ynacrb

npH 3acbrnKe BMecre

c rpyHToM,

vtlrr cMerrleHlre ero,

a IIpH 3acblnKe

cTaJrbHofo

rpy6onpoBoAa

-

rroBpexAeHue

aHrHr(oppo3HoHHoft H3oJrffuHH

Ha HapyxHofi

noBepxHocrH

rpy6orpoBoAa.

B

npoqecce rpucbrrrKr.r

rpy6o[poBoAa

rpyHr

rdexAy

creHKaMH

rpy6

H creHKaMH

TpaHIIIeft

yn.norHaoT

MexaHII3HpoBaHHbrMH

rpana6onxaMrr,

oco-

6euHo cJIeAE

3a

ynJIorHeHHeM

rpyHTa

MelKAy ocHoBaHr.reM

H

HrzlKHefi

rracrbro

rpy6onpoBoAa.

.4,.nx

ynnorHeHut

rpyHTa,

trpHcbrnaHHoro

Ha He6onbilyro

Bbrcory, npuMe-

HEIOT

JIOIKI{e

nIreBMaTHrIecKHe

y!.JlV

?lte.-TnplqecK,r,le

rn-ar-,l6nnrrz 2 !rr'!!{4!-!!f,utr

rpy6onp

oBoAoB 6o." i- r*

p

u r *"pou

t;;;in;;*oL

U

-;;."

"il

;

;5il"r;#;

TpaM6oBKaMH.

lloc.ne

npeABapI{TeJIbHofo

HctlbITaHHfl

npHcbrnaHHoro

Tpy6onpoBoAa

c noJIo)KHTeJIbHbIMH

pe3ynbraraMlt

rpaHlueH

3acbrnaroT

Ha

Bcro

Fny6HHy,

Hctronb3yn

I.nn

3Tofi I{eJIH npeHMyIrIecTBeHHo

6y"rrs4osep,

KaK

HaH6oJree

npo-

H3BoAHTeJIbHyIo

H

sKoHoMHrIHyIo

MaruHHy.

B sexotopbrx

cnyqaffx

3acbrnKy

npoH3BoAflT

H

OAHOKOBTTTOBbTMH

sKCKaBaTOpaMH.

6^26

73

ftaaa

III.

Senttnue

pa6orot

s

28. Bbr6op

THnA

3EMJIEPOHHbtx

MArrrHH

flpn

paapa6oTKe

rpaHlxeli

c

orKocaMrr

KpyrH3Ha

Hx

ycraHaBJrr.rBaercfl

raKori,

r{ro6br

6snu

co6.nro,qen'

rpe6ol

a*ilfl.

riiHuxn

o.roriu.r;;;.

flpr'r

nrr6ope

sKcKaBaropa

ueo6xoAnMo

yrrurbrBaTb

ero

sKoHoMr4r{Hocrb

H

npoH3BOAUTenbHocrb,

croHMocrn

pa6or,

TpyAoBbre

3arparbr

r{

cpoKH

pa3-

pa6orru

rpauruefi.

KornosaHbl

noA pe3epByapbl,

aaporeHKlt

MoxHo paspa6arbrBarb

sKcKa-

::tropaMH

C

flepeMerrreuueM

rpyHTa

K

MeCTy

OrSana

ieroMo6a

ilgMu HrrH

Tq"I:loprepauu.^

flpu

nepeMerr(eHlru

rpyHra

Ha

paccronHue

no

300 .u

(a

HHorAa

.uo

500

H

Aaxe

800

,n) 6olee-rie.necoo6pa3no

npr.rMeHflrb

cKpe-

nepbr.

r

S

30. Texnurca

6esonacnocru

npu

npousaodcr,e

set,nnHbtx

pa6or

vq'*rsaq

npHBeAeHHbre

gAecr

coo6pa

.*e'ufl,

cJreAyeT

orMeTHTb,

r{To

nepeA

HaqaJIoM

crpoHTeJlbcrna

rpe6yercfl

AeraJrb'Ho

BbrffcHHTb

Bce

ycroBHq

npoH3BoAcrBa

3eMJIflHbIx

pa6or,

npou3Bectu

seo6xoAtrMbre

rexHnKo-gKoHo-

viHgecKHe

noAcqerbl

It

Ha

HX

ocHoBe

esr6paru

MeroA

npoH3BoAcrBa

srax

pa-

6or

u Tunbr

senrneporiHbrx

r\{aur{H.

s

29.

npoBEpKA

KATTECTBA

3EMJTflHbIX

PA6OT

^.- KoyfpoJlb

3a

KaqecrBoM

3eMdTtlHbrx

pa6or

ocyulecTBJrffercr

Ha

ocHoBe

CHufl

III-8.l-62

u 3aKrrroqaercq

B

npoBepKe:

a)

oruerox

n.uaHnpyeuoii

Teppr.rroprca,

AHa

H nonepeqnnrx

ceqeHafi

rpauruefi

H

KorJroBaHoB:

6)

ruapanbr

rpaHruefi

u xor.noBaHoB,

a

ra*".e

Kpyr'3Hbr

orKocoB;

-n)

cre[eHH

ynJIorHeHHff

rpyHra

npn

3acbrnKe

rpaHrxer?

n

xor.noBaHoB rr,

oco6euso,

npE

orcbrnKe

nJIorHH

H

nepelublrleK;

r)

na4exHocrur

ecrecrBeHsux

ocioeaHrdfi

rloA

Tpy6onpoBoAbr,

cMorpo_

Bbte

KoJIoArIbr,

KaMepu

n

QyH4aMeHrbr

rroA

creHbr

s4aHllri,

cobpyxeH,uilr

w

o6o-

pyAoBaHHe

H

COOTBeTCTBHS

rpyHroB

pa60ulrru

qeprexaM

H r.

A.

Heo6xoAnMo

BcerAa

noMHHTb,

r{To

or

HaAe)KHocrr{

ocHoBauuit

u

Aocra_

Tor{Hoc.TH

yn,'IorHeHllfl

rpyuTa

3aBHcflT

npoqHocrb

H

AoJlfoBerrHocTb

pa6orrt

3,rauufi,

coopylKeHuir

u

rpy6onpoBoAoB.

Otuerxn

AHa

rpaHureri

n sahaHHui:r

npoeKToM

yKJroH

npoBepflror

rrpg

TIoMoIIIH

HHBeJII4pa,

a

Bo BpeMt

npou3BoAcrea

pa6or

;t.ns

etofi trerrH

HcrroJrb-

3ylor

BHSHpKI'I

u

o6Hocru.

Taxuu

xe

o6pasorr

npoBepflroT

orMerKH

AHa

Kor-

r'IoB?Ha

noA

KaKHe-nu6o

coopy)KeHHfl

HJtr4

rrJraHupyerlrofi

teppa"op"r

HJroBbrx

flnonlaAoi(,

no"neii

Qn.rrrrpaqnLr

H

T. n.

llepe4

sacHnrofi

rpattuefi

nocrle

yKJTaAKH

u

HcrrbrraHren

rpy6onpoBoAoB,

a

raKMe

KorJIoBaHot

lnV

QyHaartleuroe

Heo6xoAHMo

cocraBJrflTr

axirr

npeA-

BapHTeJr.bHori

npueuxu

(npove}(yroqHbr"

"*torj

Ha

cKpbrrsre

pa60ru,

B

Ko-

'ropbrx

suxcupyrorca

o6uapyxreiuue

B

Harype

fpyHrbr

H coorBercrBHe

Hx

reoJrorHqecKHM

AaHHbrM,

nprrBeAeHHbrM

B

pa6ouni

qeprexax

Ha

3TH

COOpy-

;ftCHI,Ifl.

[Ipn

oxou'raremHofi

cAarle

saKoHr{eHHbrx

coopyxeunft

crpoureJrbHas

op-

raHfiSarl[fl,

BbrnoJrHfrBrrr'fl

pa60rnr,

o6ssaua

npe'alqeHTb

H [epeAarb

opfa-

Hn3aIIHH'

npHHHMalouleft

nucrpoeHHble

coopyx<eHur,

Bcro

TexHgr{ecKyro

AoKy-

MCHTAUHIO:

a) pa6oufie

qeprex(r{.c

yKa3aHHeM

Ha

HHx

AoflyuleHnbrx H3MeHenufi

(ec_

nH

TaKoBbre

r.rMeJrr{

uecro)

H

Aor(yMeHrbr rro

oQopna.neuuro

AonyueHHbrx a3-

ueHeunfi;

6)

axtlr

ua

cxpnrrue

pa6oru

c

yKa3aHHeM

B

Hnx Hecyuleri

cnoco6socrn

ecrecrBeHHhlx

ocHoBaHHfi,

..ycrauonlesHoti

na6oparopHbrMH

ficnbrraHHSMH;

n)

rlepre;Kl'I

KpettJIeIIHt?-

tpauureii,

ecuru

oHH

BbrrroJrHeHbt

no HHAHBHAy-

aJrbHoMy

npoeKTy

Anq

Heo6brrrHbrx

ycnonufi

pa6or;

r)

seAoluocrb

nocroqHHblx

pe[epoB

a

aKrbr

reoAegr.r,recxofi

paz6unrcu

coopyxeuuft.

c4aua-npHeMKa

3eMJrffHEr.\ pa6or

AonrxHa

6nrrr

oQopm.rreHa

coorBercr-

ByTIIIHM

aKTOITI.

S

30.

TEXHHKA

EE3OTIACHOCTH

NPH

NPOH3BO,ICTBE

3EMJI'HbIX

PAEOT

-

flp"

paspa6otKe

H

3acblnKe

rpar{uefi

u xornoBaHoB

rpe6yercn

crporo

co6aoAarb

ycraHopJreHHbre

npaBHJra

no

rexHuKe

6esonacuoiru.

Ao

Ha'rana

paepa6orKa

rpaHrxeft

ueo6xoAuMo

o6cneaosirb

rpaccy

H

yc-

TaHoBHTb

coorBercrBHe

npoeKTy

Bcex

HMeroulHxcs

B Harype

3HaKoB

u

eaxin-

6.

fnaea II[. 3em.nnuote

pa1orot

qecKofo

noJrox(eHHff

noA3eMHbrx

rpy6onpoBoAoB

H coopylKeHHfi,

r{To6br

npH_

HflTb

CQOTBeTCTByTOTqHe

Mepbr [peAocTopox(HocrH

r{ ilpeAynpeAHTb pa6ounx

O BO3MO}KHbIX

ONACHOCTflX.

Ecnn

o6uapyxeHbr

He

ykasaHHore

e

npoeKre

Ka6eru,

Tpy6orpoBoAbr

HilH

KaK[e-.upr6o

r.rHbre

[oAseMHbre KoMr\{yHHKar],rrH

H

COOpy)Kelnfr., pa6Orol

e

gTHx

Mecrax

He

cJreAyer HaquHarb,

a Haqarbre

pa6orbr

rpe6yercn

npfiocra-

HoBHTb

Ao

ocMorpa

reppnropuu BMecre c

npeAcraBHTeJrffMH

oprauusaqnli,

3Kcfinyarl{pyrcuux

o6HapyxeHHble

o6rextu,

H

ycraHoBJreHufl

MeroAa npo-

H3BoAcTBa

pa6or

Ha

raKrrx

yqacrKax

rpaccbr.

flpre

paspa6orxe

rpaHrueft

Ha

yrrnuax

r.r

reppuropHH

npeAnpusrnft

co

3HaqHTeJIbHbrM

KoJrnr{ecrBovr

.noAeii H

TpaHcnopra

Mecra

pa6m

Heo6xoAnuo

orpalKAaTb,

a

B HOr{HOe BpeMfl eUIe

H

OCBeIqaTb.

Bonpoc

o6

ycrauoBKe

KpenJresuft rr nx

rune,

a raKx(e

o

KpyrH3He or-

KocoB,

ecJru

TpaHrrreH

paapa6aruBalorcff

6es

rpen.neunli,

peuaercfl

B co-

orBercrBura

c rpe6oBaHHfl,MLr

rexHHKH

6egonacsocrr.r

AJrff

pa3Hbrx

xareropufi

rpyHToB,

xapaKTepa

HX

HanJracroBaHHfi,

n.naxuocru,

ycJroeuir

[pon3BoAcr-

ea

pa6or

H r.

A.

flpu paspa6orre

rpaurueli eKcKaBaropaMLI

3anpeqeH

Aocryn

;:roAeir

x

sa6on

cBepxy

B npeAeJrax ttpn3Mrl o6pyurenran.

flepe4

nycKoM

aKcKaBaro-

pa

n

pa6ory

MarxHHHcr

AoJr>KeH

noAarb

ycraHoBJleusrrfi

cufHaJr. llpn

pa6ore

oAHoKoBrrroBoro

gKcKaBaropa

3anpeuraercfl

HaxoAHTbcfl

B

3oHe

reficrsun

cTpeJrbr.

flpa

pa6ore

B

HorrHyro

cMeHy

QpoHr

paapa6orxn

n

co6ctBeHrro

3KcKa-

Barop

AoJIX{Hbr

6nrrn

Aocraror{Ho

ocBeuleHbr.

Vqactor

rpaccbr

B

3oHe

pacnoJrox(eHas

rroABeMHbIx KoMMyHaxa[uft,

ne-

peceKaloqax

rpaccy

rpy6onpoBoAa,

paapa6arblBaercff

eKcKaBaropoM

roJrb-

Ko

3a IIpeAeJraMr{

He

MeHee

I u npeABapI{TeJIbHo

BcKpblToro

rroA3eMHofo

co-

opy>KeHrrfi.

flepenrerqeHze

gKcKaBaropa

iloA

trpoBoAaMa

Bo3AyrrrHbrx

sJreKTponn:r.uir,

AonycKaeTcff

TOJrbKo

B

TOM

Cr)'qae, ecJrH

paccToflHr4e

MexiAy npoBoAaMH

rr

BepxHeft

qacrsp

sKcKaBaropa

He

MeHee

2 u. Pa6ora

sKcKaBaropa noA

Bo3-

AyIIIHbIMH

SJreKTpOnpOBOAaMH, HaXOAflIIIHMHCq

IIOA

TOKOM, 3arrpeUIaercs.

flpr.r

o6napyx(eHHH

B

TpaHruee

raea

pa6orbr

HeMeAJIeHHo

flpnocraHaB-

.rllrBalorcfl,

pa6ovue

yAanflrorcfl

r.r

Bbr3blBaercfl

npeAcraBrTeJrb

opraHH3arIHH,

eKcnJlyarupyloulefi

ragonpoBo,q,H.

Pa6orbl

B TaKoM

MecTe

Moryr

6urrs

so-

so6HoereHbl

ToJrbKo nocJre

yAaJreHur

ra3a

llg rpaHIIIeH lI

ycrpaHeHHfl

rrpr{qHH

ero noffB.neHlls.

.

Ean

ycrporlcr.na

xpenneuufi

Heo6xoAuMo

ltcflonbsoBarb

Ao6poxauecr-

nesHrtft

MarepuaJr

H

fipoBepeHnbre

AeraJrH

LIHBeHTapHoro KpenJreHuff,

o6ecne-

qnBaloqne

ycroftvuBocrb

creHoK

rpanruefi

u

6esonacnyro

pa6ory.

VcraHoexa

H cHffTHe

KpenJreHafi

AoJr)I(Hbr

npol{BBoAuTbcfl

B

ycJloBlrrx,

o6ecnequBarou{Hx

HerroABu>KHocrb

Lr

ycrofiql{Bocrb rpyHTa

B

TeqeHHe

Bcefo

BpeMeHH

npou3BoAcrBa

pa6or.

I-Ipr,r

paspa6orre

rpyHToB rHApoMexaHHrIecKI{M

cuoco6onr nepeA Har{a-

.nonr

pa6or

Bce pa6ouue

AoJr)r(Hbr

6uTb

yAaJreHbr

r.r3 soHbr

AeftcreHq

crpyH

ruApouosHTopa,

a

raKx(e H3 npeAeJroB

npLI3Mnr o6pyureHufl

rpyHTa.

llpn ycraHoBKe

rnApouosHTopa

Heo6xoAr,tMo

npeAycMorperb

Bo3Mox(-

rr^^Tl6rrn-n^nn ^TZnhrrourrc aF^

n'r..nnw6nnnnnolll rrarlf2rrrrrrcrn ErnIT\r

vsvrlJvrv vlArrrvf

vv^r.r rv

uvAJ.

I-Ipu

ocraHoBKe

rHApoMoHHTopa,

coeAHHeHHoro

c HanopHbIM

BoAoBoAoM,

crBoJr

Aon)KeH

6urr oflyureH

KHH3y

H HanpaBJIeH

B cropoHy,

6esonacHylo

Arq

pa6orarculux.

flpn

npou3BoAcrBe

pa6or

no

orraHBaHHIo

rpyHra

AoJnKHbI

6urt

npeAy-

cMorpeHbr

MeponpHflTHff

nporHB o)KoroB

pa6ovnx

napoM

HJrH ropfqefi eoA,ofr

HnH nopalKeHHs

sJreKTpoToKoM.

flpu rrrexaHu.recxori

KoprieBKe

nHefi

seo6xoAnMo

npuuflrb

Mepbr 6eso-

$

31.

Eupenue

pasee}ourrblx cKBawuH u

ungpos

nacHocTH npoTHB

cocKaKHBaHI{s

Tpoca c

KopqyeMoro nHs.

flepe4

HaTflxe'

HHeM rpoca

pa6otarculux

cneAyer

npeAynpexAaTb

3ByKoBbIM

.cHfHaJIoM

H

yAarflrb

sa

npeAeJrbr

Bo3MoxHoro

yAapa

rpocoM

B cJlyqae

ero

o6pntna

vJlrl

COCKAKHBAHI,Ifl

C

NHfl.

rNABA

IV

EyPEHHE PA3BEAOqHbIX

CKBAXHH,

UnvPOB

H

B3PbIBHbIE

PAEOTbI

s

31.

EyPEHHE

PA3BEAOTTHbIX CKBAXHH H

UnyPOB

CxeaxnHu

AHaMerpoM

Ao

75 uu, npeAHa3HaqeHHbre

AJrff

pa3BeAorrHblx

ue.neft

HJrH

AJrfl

3aKJraAKu 3apflAoB BgpbrBqarbrx BerqecrB,

Ha3btBanrcfl

[rny-

paMH.

flpa

sax"traAxe

ue6od'rbtrroro

qficJra

rxnypoB

ua rly6uuy

Ao

2

Jvt

B

He-

cKaJrbHbre nopoAbr

(necxu,

cylecn,

cyrJrHHKH, rJrHHbr

u r. n.)

qacro

npuMenfl-

ercs

pyIIHoe

6ypeHue c

HcnoJIb3oBaHHeM

gJreKTpHqecKHx

HJrH

rrHeBMarHqec-

r{Hx

cBepJrHJrbHbIx MaIIIITH

trra.nofi

MolrlHocru.

'

,{.nn

6ypeHuff

lxnypoB

B

rnncax,

MsfKlrx HgBecrHflKax

H

paKyrrreqHl4Kax-

ua r.rry6uHy

Ao

2 u

npwvteHqloT JIerKHe

sJreKTpocBepJrLIJrKH

c

upor,nunxoft

urypoB

soAofi,

noAaBaeMofi

nuyrpn

cBepna

qepe3

crreqlraJrbHufi

narpoH,

yK-

perrJreHHblfi

sa lxraHfe

6ypa.

,II,.ua

6ypeHHfl

llrflypoB B

TBepAbIx

cKaJIbHbIx nopoAax npuMeHflroT

rtHeB.

MarHrrecKue

cBepJra,

pa60rarcu1ue

or

KoMnpeccopoB,

HrrH 3aeKTpocBepJra

(puc.

46).

.[,na

6ypeHr,rs

runypoB B Mep3JroM rpyHTe, [peAHasHarraeMbrx

Ailn

3a-

KJTaAKLI

BSpbrBqaTbrX

BeUIeCTB HJnI

yCTaHOBKr.r

9JreKTpOHrJr,

npHr\{eHgroT

CTaH-

KH

pa3Hbrx

KoHcrpyKrlHfi.

Ha

puc.

47

noxasaH

craHoK C-60.

Sror

crasoK co-

ctor.rr r{3

paMbr

,/, xaperxn

2,

silexrpoABuratenx 3,

peAyKTopa

4,

cnepna

5,

pyuHofi

.ne6eAxn

7

u re.nexxu

8. Cnep.ro

5

usrorosflqercr H3

orpe3Ka

rpy-

6ur

AuauerpoM

38

uu

c

npuBapKofi

ua Hapyx(Hofi

uonepxuocru

no

cnHpaJIH

cranruoft IIorIocKI{

pasMepoM 2

X

6

,trt-

K

oAHoMy KoHuy

cBepJIa

IIpHBapeH

HAKOHCIIHI{K

AJIfl

COCAI{HCHI,Iq

CO

UIIIHHACNCM

PEAYIffOPA,

K

APYTOMY

-

HAKO.

HCIIHHK C KBAAPATHbIM

OTBCPCTHEM,

B

KOTOPOC BCTABJIflIOT

KBAAPAT

ONPABKfl

KopoHKH.

Pexyutaa

qacrb

KopoHKLI

6

AeJlaercfl

H3

nJIacrHHoK

TBepAoro

cnJraBa.

.il,na

6ypeHas

lunypa

rny6nHofi

,qo

1,5

I B MepsJIbIx rpyHrax,

BKJrroqalo-

tr1ux

6nrnrfi xupnuu,

KaMeHb

H

apyror?

crpoute.unuufi

Mycop,

rpe6yercn

B

cpeAHeM

oKoJro

l0 nun.

O.aun

raxoft

craHoK Moxer

o6c"uyxurb

aJreKTpo-

ororpeBareJrbHyro

ycraHoBKy

Ha

150 a.rrexrpoHrJr.

flepe4auxeuue

craHKa

n

pa6ouefi

3oHe

H

no

reppuTopriu

crpoHTeJlbHoft

n.nouaAKn

r{

o6cayxnna-

HHe ero Bo

BpeMfl

pa6oru

ocyu{ecrBJlflIorcff

oAHHM

pa6ouHrvr.

!,.nn

6ypeHufl

lxnypoB B Mep3JIbIx rpyHTax

Moryr 6nrl

HcnoJrb3oBaHbr

H

craHKH

Apyrnx

xoHcrpyxuuft.

L.rrr

6ypeHua

r.rry6oKux

unypoB B cKaJrbHbrx

rBepAbrx

flopoAax

rpe6yer-

cfl KoMnJIexr

6ypon

(or

6

Ao

I I urr.)

pasHblx

AHaMerpoB

c

H3MeHeHHeM

AHa-

rrornnD ue ? u u Hqur,rrraprcq

6rrnorrrra

6trnn"r

vqu6,nnlrrraF^

Errar.arna v^^

rlrvryvD

vJ

t'vNL

rrqrrvvrrluvrv

Alrqrvtull/q,

Av-

ropuft,

yrny6larcb

B cKaJIy na 30-60

cn (e

sauncnMocru

or rBepAocrn no-

p-oarr),

3aMeHqercn

6yponr MeHbutero

AuaMerpa

n 6o.nrruefi

A.nnHu.

Sror 6yp

3areM 3aMeHrercfl

ApyrHM

MeHbruero

AnaMerpa

H

T.

A.Taxru

o6paeou,

ecJrr:

ueo6xoArlrvro upo6ypnrb

rlnyp B cl{aJlbnofi nopo4e

r.rry6uuoli

.qo

3

n,

norpe--

6yercr

cMeHa

6ypa ot 5

Ao

10

pae

B

3aBI.IcHMoc-TH

or rBepAocru

cKaJrbr.

[.nn

6ypeHurr

Herry6oxux

pa3BeAoqHblx

cKBaxHH

c

rleJrbro

o6c.neAoBa--

HHq

rpyHToBbrx

ycnonufi rrpH cTpoHTeJIbcrBe

HacocHbIX cranqufi,

BoAonpH:-

Бородин И.В. Технология и организация строительства водопроводно-канализационных сооружений

Подождите немного. Документ загружается.