Bogucki P., Crabtree P. Ancient Europe 8000 B.C.-A.D. 1000: Encyclopedia of the Barbarian World. Volume 2
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Coinage of the Early Middle Ages (Alan M. Stahl)
...........356
Gender in Early Medieval Europe (Christine Flaherty)
.........361
Animal Husbandry (László Bartosiewicz)
.................366
Agriculture (Peter Murphy)
.........................371
Mills and Milling Technology (Colin Rynne)
............376
Migration Period Peoples
..........................380
Angles, Saxons, and Jutes (Genevieve Fisher)
............381
Baiuvarii (Thomas Fischer)
.......................384
Dál Riata (Elizabeth A. Ragan)
....................386
Goths between the Baltic and Black Seas
(Przemys
1
aw Urban´czyk)
......................388
Huns (László Bartosiewicz)
.......................391
Langobards (Neil Christie)
.......................393
Merovingian Franks (Bailey K. Young)
................396
Ostrogoths (Karen Carr)
.......................402
Picts (Colleen E. Batey)
.........................403
Rus (Rae Ostman)
............................406
Saami (Lars Ivar Hansen and Bjørnar Olsen)
............408
Scythians (Jan Chochorowski)
......................411
Slavs and the Early Slav Culture (Micha
1
Parczewski)
.......414
Vikings (Sophia Perdikaris)
.......................417
Visigoths (Karen Carr)
.........................419
Viking Ships (Ole Crumlin-Pedersen)
...................423
Jewelry (Nancy L. Wicker)
.........................426
Boats and Boatbuilding (D. M. Goodburn)
................430
Clothing and Textiles (Rae Ostman)
...................433
Viking Settlements in Iceland and Greenland (Thomas H.
McGovern)
..............................436
Hofstaðir (Thomas H. McGovern)
...................442
Viking Settlements in Orkney and Shetland (Gerald F. Bigelow)
...445
Early Christian Ireland (Terry Barry)
...................450
Clonmacnoise (Heather A. King)
...................456
Raths, Crannogs, and Cashels (James W. Boyle)
.............460
Deer Park Farms (C. J. Lynn)
.....................462
Viking Dublin (Patrick F. Wallace)
....................466
Dark Age/Early Medieval Scotland (Elizabeth A. Ragan)
......469
Tarbat (Martin Carver)
........................476
Early Medieval Wales (Harold Mytum)
..................480
Anglo-Saxon England (Genevieve Fisher)
.................489
Spong Hill (Catherine Hills)
......................496
Sutton Hoo (Martin Carver)
.....................498
West Stow (Pam J. Crabtree)
.....................500
Winchester (Martin Biddle)
......................501
Viking York (P. V. Addyman)
.......................508
Merovingian France (Bailey K. Young)
..................511
Tomb of Childeric (Bailey K. Young)
.................519
Early Medieval Iberia (David Yoon)
....................525
Pre-Viking and Viking Age Norway (Sophia Perdikaris)
........533
Pre-Viking and Viking Age Sweden (Nancy L. Wicker)
........537
xii
ANCIENT EUROPE
CONTENTS
aneur_fm_v2 11/7/03 5:15 PM Page xii
Pre-Viking and Viking Age Denmark (Tina L. Thurston)
.......542
Finland (Deborah J. Shepherd)
.......................548
Poland (Przemys
1
aw Urban´czyk)
......................554
Russia/Ukraine (Rae Ostman)
.......................563
Staraya Ladoga (Rae Ostman)
.....................568
Hungary (László Bartosiewicz)
.......................572
Czech Lands/Slovakia (Petr Meduna)
..................580
Germany and the Low Countries (Peter S. Wells)
............586
Southern Germany (Thomas Fischer)
...................593
Glossary .....................599
Index ......................615
xiii
ANCIENT EUROPE
CONTENTS
■
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xv
MAPS
VOLUME I
Maps of Ancient Europe, 8000–2000
B
.
C
.
.............
xix–xxiv
European and Mediterranean obsidian sources
.............
68
Selected sites in Mesolithic Iberia
....................
158
Selected sites where remains of wild and domesticated grains
have been found
..........................
205
Ranges of the wild ancestors of early livestock
.............
212
The concentration of sites in eastern and central Neolithic
Greece
................................
220
Selected sites in the western Mediterranean
..............
250
Extent of Linearbandkeramik settlement
................
260
Selected sites of Copper Age Cyprus
..................
348
Distribution of civilizations and selected Cucuteni-Tripolye sites
..
355
Selected Neolithic lake dwellings in the Swiss Alpine region
...
386
Selected sites in southern Scandinavia
..................
421
Selected sites in Late Neolithic/Copper Age Iberia
..........
457
Extent of Bell Beakers in Europe, the earliest dates of their
appearance, and their provinces
.................
475
VOLUME II
Maps of Ancient Europe, 3000
B
.
C
.–
A
.
D
. 1000
..........
xvii–xxii
Tin deposits in Europe
............................
7
Principal trade routes of the Early and Middle Bronze Ages
.....
28
Poggiomarino, Italy, and environs
.....................
43
Selected sites in southeast Iberia
......................
46
Eurasia about 2000
B
.
C
. showing general location of selected
cultures
................................
93
Bronze Age Transcaucasia
.........................
102
Selected sites in Bronze Age Cyprus
...................
109
Minoan Crete and selected sites
.....................
117
Some of the principal oppida in Europe
.................
155
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MAPS
xvi
ANCIENT EUROPE
VOLUME II
Iron production sites from 800 to 400
B
.
C
.
..............
165
Distribution of Greek pottery of the fourth quarter of the sixth
century
B
.
C
. (not including east Greek pottery)
........
199
The Black Sea region with major Greek colonies and local
peoples
................................
209
Selected sites in Iron Age France
.....................
213
Selected sites in Iron Age Ireland
....................
233
Selected hillforts in the West Hallstatt Zone in southwest
Germany
...............................
243
Selected sites and selected populi of Iron Age Iberia
.........
254
Provinces and traditional cultural regions of Finland
.........
277
Selected sites and major polities in Bronze Age and Iron Age
Caucasia
...............................
304
Main emporia (wics) of northwest Europe
...............
325
Some Viking harbors and towns in the Baltic Sea region
.......
335
Major copper sources and oxhide ingot findspots
...........
352
Key sites and kindred territories of early Dál Riata
..........
387
Extent of the Wielbark culture during the third century
A
.
D
. and
second half of the fourth century
A
.
D
.
.............
389
The traditional view of Syagrius’s kingdom, stretching across most
of northern Gaul
..........................
397
Extent of Ostrogothic migrations
....................
402
General extent of Pictland
.........................
404
Location of Slavs in the beginning of sixth century
A
.
D
. in light
of written sources and of archaeological data
.........
415
Extent of Visigothic migrations
.....................
420
Scotland in the mid-sixth century and c.
A
.
D
. 900
..........
470
Selected sites in early medieval Wales
..................
481
Selected sites in early medieval Iberia
..................
526
Selected Pre-Viking and Viking Age sites in Denmark
........
543
Early medieval towns in Russia, Scandinavia,
and Byzantium
...........................
564
Early Migration period population movements.
............
573
The Czech lands from the arrival of the Slavs to the beginnings
of the Czech Premyslide state
..................
582
General features of southern Germany
.................
594
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xvii
Human geography is an essential dimension of archaeology. The locations that ancient peo-
ple chose for their settlements, cemeteries, and ritual activities are very important for un-
derstanding how European societies developed and declined.
Archaeological sites are found throughout Europe. The maps on the following pages show
the locations of selected sites mentioned in the text and give an overview of their distribu-
tion on a large scale. Smaller and more detailed maps accompany many specific entries.
For clarity, we have divided Europe into five major regions: Northwestern Europe, which
covers the British Isles and nearby portions of the Continent; Northern Europe, which in-
cludes the North European Plain and Scandinavia; Southwestern Europe, the Iberian
Peninsula and the lands around the western Mediterranean; Southeastern Europe, which in-
cludes the Danube Basin and Greece; and Eastern Europe, the area east of the Bug River
and the Carpathians. Areas beyond these maps, such as the Caucasus and Cyprus, are
covered in smaller maps in the relevant articles.
Maps in this volume cover some of the sites mentioned in parts 5 through 7, from the Bronze
Age to the Early Middle Ages.
MAPS OF ANCIENT EUROPE,
3000
B.C
.–A.D. 1000
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xviii
ANCIENT EUROPE
Gergovia
Titelberg
Hillesheim
Vix
La Te'ne
Heuneburg
Hohenasperg
Fellbach-Schmiden
Mont
Beuvray¶
Bibracte
Danebury
Quentovic
Choisy-au-Bac
Juvincourt-et-Damary
Fort-
Harrouard
Stonehenge
Llantwit Major
Longbury Bank
Moel Trigarn
Plas Gogerddan
Margam
Dinas Powys
Llawhaden
Maiden Castle
Hamwic
Emain Macha
Dublin
Capel
Eithen
Deer Park Farms
Clonmacnoise
Mt. Gabriel
Du;n Ailinne
Camulodunum
Winchester
Caernarfon
Llanbedrgoch
Graeanog
Spong Hill
York
Dundurn
Tarbat
Jarlshof
Dunadd
Birsay
Iona
West Stow
Dorestad
Tournai
Cambrai
Trier
St. Albans
Ipswich
Sutton Hoo
Taplow
Feddersen Wierde
Flag Fen
Brooklands
A
L
P
S
J
u
r
a
M
o
u
n
t
a
i
n
s
North Sea
Bay of
Biscay
English Channel
Irish Sea
Celtic Sea
Norwegian
Sea
ATLANTIC
OCEAN
L. Constance
Lake
Geneva
IJsselmeer
R
i
v
e
r
S
h
a
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n
o
n
River Bann
F
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r
Shetland
Islands
Outer
Hebrides
Orkney
Islands
West Frisian
Islands
East Frisian
Islands
Isle of
Man
Anglesey
Faroe
Islands
N
0 100 200 mi.
0 100 200 km
Northwestern Europe
and the British Isles,
3000 B.C.–A.D. 1000
MAPS OF ANCIENT EUROPE, 3000 B . C .–A . D . 1000
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xix
ANCIENT EUROPE
Biskupin
Feddersen
Wierde
Dorestad
Trelleborg
Uppa``kra
Roskilde
Wolin
Jelling
Kaupang
Hedeby
(Haithabu)
Birka
Adelso/
Tuna
Valsga/rde
Paviken
Fro/jel
Broa
Egtved
Hodde
Drengsted
Kivik
Ahus
`
Lund
Lo/ddeko/pinge
Truso
Holzhausen
Ribe
Ugga`rde Ro/jr
Torsburgen
Eketorp
Ismanstorp
Skedemosse
Sigtuna
Gamla Uppsala
Vendel
Hamar
Gene
Varikkoniemi
Trondheim
(Nidaros)
Helgo/
Hundhamra
Borum Eshøj
Tollund
Hjortspring
U
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Va /nern
IJsselmeer
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Ouluja/rvi
Courland
Lagoon
Gulf of
Gdan;sk
Lake Ma/laren
Gotland
Lofoten
Vestera``len
Saaremaa
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Aland Is.
Bornholm
Zealand
Fyn
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F
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Sea
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Sea
Baltic Sea
Gulf of
Riga
Gulf of
Bothnia
Kattegat
Skagerrak
Gulf of Finland
N
0 100 200 mi.
0 100 200 km
Northern Europe,
3000
B.C.–A.D. 1000
MAPS OF ANCIENT EUROPE, 3000 B . C
.–A
. D . 1000
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xx
ANCIENT EUROPE
Massalia
Vo l t e r r a
To r q u i n i a
Po p ol on i u m
Val Camonica
Mont Bego
Emporion (Ampurias)
Aldovesta
Ge r g o v i a
Mont Beuvray¶ Bibract e
Vix¶
Mont Lasso is
La Te' ne
Heuneburg
El A r g a r
Co ; rdoba
Râ ot i n t o
Mines
Ce r r o d e l a
Virgen
Ulaca
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La Mesa de
Miranda
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Anguita
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OCEAN
Mediterranean Sea
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Biscay
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Sea
Gu lf o f
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Cad â z
Gu lf o f
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Sea
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c
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Southwestern Europe and
Western Mediterranean,
3000 B.C.–A.D. 1000
N
0 100 200 mi.
0 100 200 km
MAPS OF ANCIENT EUROPE, 3000 B . C .–A . D . 1000
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xxi
ANCIENT EUROPE
Hallstatt
Waschenberg
Nitra
Smolenice-Molpir
By;c=â Ska;la
Stare; Hradisko
Holzhausen
Ms=ecke; Z+ehrovice
Plattling-
Pankofen
Manching
Bopfingen-Flochberg
Kelheim
Tillmitsch
Mikulc=ice
Biskupin
Spis=sky;
S+tvrtok
Poggiomarino
Rome
Tyrins
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MAPS OF ANCIENT EUROPE, 3000 B . C
.–A
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aneur_fm_v2 11/7/03 5:15 PM Page xxi
xxii
ANCIENT EUROPE
Staraya Ladoga
Kiev
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3000 B.C.–
A.D. 1000
MAPS OF ANCIENT EUROPE, 3000 B . C .–A . D . 1000
aneur_fm_v2 11/7/03 5:15 PM Page xxii