Boggs S. Principles of Sedimentology and Stratigraphy
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Index
Abundance biozone 484, 485,
503
Abyssal plain, 334, 352
Abyssal
storms, 355
Accommodaon, 451, 452
Age (stratiaphic), 514, 515
Aggregate grains, 165, 166
Agulhas Current, 346
Ahermatic corals, 384
Algae calcareous, 178, 179, 270,
271, 374, 375, 384
Algal mats, 325, 374
Alkali fe ldspars, 120
Alloem� 162, 170
Allochthonous deep-water
carbonates, 357
Allocyclic successions, 407
Allostragraphic units, 419, 421
Alluvial fans, 246-250
anent examples of, 249, 250
characteristics of, 248, 249
depositional processes and
deposits, 247, 248
depositional setting of,
246, 247
Amalgamaon surfaces and
beds, 76, 77
American Commission on
Stratigraphic
Nomenclatu, 418
Anastomosing Channels,
250, 253
Angle of repose,
Angular unconformity, 40305
Anhydrite, 199, 200, 201, 202
Ankerite, 160
Anracite coal, 231, 232
Andunes, 75, 83, 85
Apatite, 224, 225
Aragonite, 160, 161, 164, 176,
177, 180, 181
Aragonite seas, 177
Archean (time), 515
Arduino Giovanni, 417
Arenicolites, 107
Argon-argon age dating,
524, 526
Arkose, 129
Aromacs (hydrocarbons),
237, 238
Asphaltites, 238, 239
Asphalts, 238
Assemblage biozone, 484
Atolls, 382
Aulacogens, 566, 567
Autocyclic successions, 407
Autosuspension, 40
Av ulsion, 252
Back-arc basins, 563
Backstripping, 552
Bacterial mediation, 179, 190
Bahama banks (platfo), 374,
376, 377
Ball and pillow structures, 75,
95, 96
Banded iron formation, 217, 219
Barchans, 362
Barnger sands, 294, 295
Barrier islands, 311, 312
Barrier reefs, 382
Barriers to migraon of
organisms, 498
Baselap, 4
Basin analysis, 398, 550-581
applications of, 577-581
general principles of, 550-568
teciques of, 568-577
Basin ll, 567, 568
Basin, kinds of, 554-556
Basin subsidence, 551-552
Basins
in convergent setngs, 562-565
in divergent setngs, 557-558
in hybrid settings, 566, 567
in inaplate settings, 558-562
in transfo setngs, 56566
Bayline, 456
BeaCh and barrier island
systems, 306-317
ancit deposits of, 314-3 17
dosional processes in
(beaches), 309-311
depositional
setting
of, 308
modem deposits
of,
312-314
BeaCh profile, 309, 313
Bearock, 190
Bedded chert, 207, 208
Bedded phosphorites,
226
Bedding and
lamination, 76, 77
Bedding planes, 76
Bedforms (ripples and dunes),
75, 81-87
Bed load, 33
Bed load transport, 33
Beds
as stragraphic ts, 400,
420, 421
655
656
Index
Beds (cont.)
configuration ot 78
defined, 76
Bedsets, 78
Bed thickness, 76
Benthonic organisms (bthos),
496, 497
Bernoulli effect, 28, 29
Bicarbonate ions, 174
Bingham plastic, 46
Biochronology, 521
Bioclastic phosphorites, 226
Biocorrelation, 422, 502-511
by abundance biozones,
503, 504
by age (chronocorrelation),
504
by assemblage biozones,
502-504
by biogeographical
abundance zones, 509-511
by graphic methods, 506509
by taxon-range and inteal
biozones, 505, 506
Biofacies, 413
Biogenic structus, 75
Biogeographical abundance
zones, 509-511
Biogeographical provinces,
483, 495
Bioherm, 382
Biostratification structes, 75
Biostratigraphic units, 419,
48385
pncipal categories of, 483, 484
procedures for naming, 485
ra o£, 484
Biosatigraphy, 398, 478-512
Biostrome, 382
Bioturbation, 147, 148, 347
suctures, 75
Biozones, 483
abundance biozones, 484, 485
assemblage biozones, 484
concurrent range biozones,
interval biozones, 483, 485
lineage biozone, 483, 485
taxon range biozone, 483, 485
Biens, 237-239
Bituminous coal, 231, 232
Black smokers, 13
Bluegreen algae, 111, 164, 179,
180, 271, 272
Boghead coal, 231, 232
Bog iron ores, 220
Bolides, 495, 533
Bone coal, 231, 232
Borax, 198
Bouma sequence, 42
Bounce brush, prod, and roll
marks (casts), 75, 100
Boundary layer, 25
Boundary shear stress, 27
Braid bars, 252
Braided river systems, 250-256
Bright spot seismic analysis, 441
Bruhnes Polarity Zone (epoch),
466, 467, 472
Bubble imprints, 113
Buering of ocean water, 176
Burrows,
75
Calcareous oozes, 363
Calcite, 160, 161, 164, 166, 167,
176, 177, 181
Calcite seas, 177
Calcitization, 189, 193
Calcium carbonate
compensaon depth
(CCD), 182
Cannel coal, 231, 232
Cannel shale, 231, 235
Canyon Diablo meteorite
standard (sulfur), 545
Carbonaceous sedimentary
rocks, 229-239
classification of, 230, 231
oanic matter in, 230
Carbonate
apatite, 224, 225
cements (kinds of), 190-192
clasts, 162, 163
agenesis of, 188-196
mineralogy of, 160-161
origin of, 172, 174
textures of, 161, 162
ains, 161, 162
merals, 160, 161
platforms, 368, 369
ramps, 368, 369, 378, 379
reef environments, 382-390
ancient reefs, 387-390
mode ree, 382-387
types of reefs, 382-384
sedimentary rocks
chemistry of, 160, 161
classicaon of, 169-172
shelf enviroents, 368-379
cool-water, 366, 367, 373, 374
skeletal and sediment
characteriscs of, 372-374
shelf rimmed, 368, 369,
374-377
shelf unrimmed, 368, 369,
375, 377
slope/basin environments,
379, 380, 381
Carbon dioxide, control on
CaCo3 prepitation, 174,
175
Carbon isotopes
as age indicators (carbon
dang), 524, 525, 530
correlation b 543-545
standards, 543
Cementation
of carbonate sedimentary
rocks, 190-192
of sandstones, 148, 149, 151,
152, 154
Cements, 121,125, 126
Chalcodenic quartz, 206
Chalk, 172
Channels, 75, 97, 98
Chelation, 8, 10
Chemical compaction, 148, 149,
150, 151, 194, 195
Chemostratigraph 398
Chenier plain, 308
Chert, 206116
bedded , 208
chemical composition of, 207
grains, 124
mineralogy and texture ot 206
nodular, 210, 216
origin of, 211-216
Precambrian, 216
Chevron� , 100
Chickenwire anhydrite, 200, 201
Chlorite, 121, 126
Chlorozoan assemblage, 373
Chron, chronozone, 515
Chronocorrelaon, 422, 533-549
Conosatigraphic scale
development of, 518-520
Chronostratigraphic units, 419,
514, 515
Chronostratigraphy, 398,
513-549
Chute and pool structure, 83
Clay minerals, 12, 121
Clinoform, 0, 441
Coal, 231-234
characteriscs and
classication of, 231, 232
lithotypes and macerals of,
233, 234
origin of, 234
rank of, 231, 232
Coastal onlap, 415
Coastal setup, 338, 340
Code of Stratigraphic
Nomenclature, 418
Collophane, 225
Compaction
and porosity reduction in
limestones, 194, 195
and porosity reducon in
sandstones and shales,
148, 149, 150
Compositional maturity, 130
Concavo-convex grain contacts,
72
Concretions, 114, 152
Cone--cone structure, 114
Conformable strata, 401
Conformity, 401
Conglomerates, 135-139
classication of, 136, 137,
138, 139
ori� ad occuuee of, 137
Conodont color alteration, 151
Conodonts, 492, 496
Contacts stratigraphic, 4006
Continental block provenances,
155, 156, 157
Continental environments,
244-287
Connental margins, 334
Continental se, 334, 351, 352
Continental rises and terraces,
560
Continental shelf, 334
Continental slope, 334, 350-352
Contour currents, 355
Contourites, 360, 362
Convergent margs, 554,
562-565
Convolute bedding and
lamination, 75, 94
Coquina, coquinite, 172
Corals, 371, 384
Coriolis Force, 339
Correlaon
by
carbon isotopes, 543-545
by instrumental well logs,
427-431
by magnetosatigraphy,
469-473
by oxygen isotopes, 538-543
by short-term depositional
events, 533-538
by stable isotope events,
538-548
by strontium isotopes,
547, 548
by sulfur isotopes, 545-546
by ansessive-regressive
events, 537, 538
of biostratigraphic units,
503-511
of chnostrgraphic uni, 533
of lithostragraphic uni,
42131
vs. matching, 423, 424
Creep (sediment ansport),
33, 34
Crevasse splay deposits, 252, 253
Critical threshold of grain
movement, 28
Cross-bedding, 75, 87-90
and flow regimes, 83
antidune, 83
tabular, 89,90
trough, 89,90
Cruziana, 103-106
Cumulative curves (grain size),
56, 57
Curie point, 462
Current lineation, 113
Cuvier, George, 480, 481
oaceria, 179, ll
Cycles stragraphic, 40609
Cyclostragraphy, 398, 412
Cyclothems, 406, 408, 411, 424
Darwin, Charles, 485, 486
Debris flows, 45-47
deposits of, 47, 246, 247
Declinaon magnec, 465
Deep ocean oor, 352
Deep
Sea Drilling Program, 350
Deep-sea ench, 333, 352
Deformation structures, 94-97
Dehydration (weathering), 8, 9
Deltas, 289-306
ancient, 303-306
basic types, 292-299
delta cycles, 302
distribution of modem, 291
fan deltas, 246, 299, 300
fluvial-dominated, 293-295,
mixed-process, 29299
physiography and sedimt
characteristics of, 299-301
tide-dominated, 295, 296
wave-dominated , 296
Density currents, 346, 347
Density (of fluids), , 32
Density (of particles), 32
Depositional environm
classification of, 243
Depositional systems (in
sequences), 451, 452
Deserts and desert systems,
258-268
deposits of, 260-263
kinds of eolian systems,
263, 264
transport and depositional
processes in, 258-260
Deshayes, 480
Desiccation structures, 75
Desnoyers, 514
Detrital remanent magnetism,
463
Detrital thermochronology, 156
Dewateng of shales, 153
Index
657
Diachronic uni, 419
Diagenesis
of carbonate sedimentary
rocks, 188-196
of siliciclastic sedimentary
rocks, 145-154
Diamictites and diamicts,
137, 281
Diastems, 401
Diatomaceous chert, 208, 209
Diatom� 209, 213
Diplocraterion, 105, 106
Disconforty, 403, 405
Dis sructures, 7, b, 7
Dispersal of organisms, 495-501
Dispersive pressures, 38
Displaced terranes, 476
Dissolution, 148, 150, 153, 193
Divergent margins, 554, 557-562
Dolomite, 160, 161, 182-188
composition of, 160, 182
orig of, 182-188
problem, 182
Dolomite textures, 167, 168
Dolomitization, 183, 184, 187
models, 184-187
d'Orbigny Alcide, 481
Downlap, 44446
Draas, 260
Drag force, 28, 32
Dunes (bedforms), 75, 83-85, 88
Dunes (desert), 258, 263
Dustload,
Dynamic viscosity, 22, 23
Eddy viscosity, 25
Electric logs, 428, 429
Electro-resistance size analyzer,
54
Endemism, 500
Enterolitc structures, 202, 203
Entrainment of parcles
by currents, 28
by wind,
denition, 27
Eogenesis, 147,148
Eolian (desert) systems
ancient examples of, 265-268
depositional processes in,
258-260
deposits of, 260-263
vertical successions in, 261, 267
Eolianites, 373
Eon, 515
Eonoem, 515
Epeiric platforms, 368, 369, 379
Epeiric seas, 335
Epicontinental seas, 335, 336
Epoch, 515
Era, 515