Бебик В.М. Политология для политика и гражданина

Подождите немного. Документ загружается.

Ì²ÆÐÅÃ²ÎÍÀËÜÍÀ

ÀÊÀÄÅÌ²ß ÓÏÐÀÂË²ÍÍß ÏÅÐÑÎÍÀËÎÌ

Â. Ì. Áåáèê

ÏÎË²ÒÎËÎÃ²ß

ÄËß ÏÎË²ÒÈÊÀ

² ÃÐÎÌÀÄßÍÈÍÀ

Êè¿â 2004

ÁÁÊ 66.0

Á35

Ðåöåíçåíòè: Â. Ä. Áàáê³í, ä-ð þðèä. íàóê, ïðîô.

Â. Ï. Ãîðáàòåíêî, ä-ð ïîë³ò. íàóê, ïðîô.

Â.Î. Õðàìîâ, ä-ð ïîë³ò. íàóê, ïðîô.

Ñõâàëåíî Â÷åíîþ ðàäîþ Ì³æðåã³îíàëüíî¿ Àêàäåì³¿ óïðàâë³ííÿ

ïåðñîíàëîì (ïðîòîêîë ¹ 6 â³ä 03.07.03)

Áåáèê Â. Ì.

Á35 Ïîë³òîëîã³ÿ äëÿ ïîë³òèêà ³ ãðîìàäÿíèíà: [Ìîíîãðàô³ÿ]. 

Ê.: ÌÀÓÏ, 2003.  424 ñ.: ³ë.  Á³áë³îãð.: ñ. 406422.

ISBN 966-608-366-3

Ó ìîíîãðàô³¿ âèêëàäåíî îñíîâí³ çàñàäè ïîë³òè÷íî¿ íàóêè â

êîíòåêñò³ ³ñòîð³¿ ðîçâèòêó ñâ³òîâî¿ ïîë³òè÷íî¿ äóìêè, ñòàíîâëåí-

íÿ ïîë³òîëîã³¿ ÿê íàóêîâî¿, íàâ÷àëüíî¿ òà ïðàêòè÷íî¿ äèñöèï-

ë³íè.

Ìîæå áóòè âèêîðèñòàíà ïðè ï³äãîòîâö³ ôàõ³âö³â ç áàçîâîþ

(áàêàëàâð) òà ïîâíîþ (ñïåö³àë³ñò, ìàã³ñòð) âèùîþ îñâ³òîþ ç óñ³õ

ñïåö³àëüíîñòåé.

ÁÁÊ 66.0

óïðàâë³ííÿ ïåðñîíàëîì (ÌÀÓÏ), 2003

ISBN 966-608-366-3

ÇÌ²ÑÒ

Ïåðåäìîâà ................................................................................. 7

×ÀÑÒÈÍÀ ²

Äæåðåëà, ³ñòîð³ÿ òà åâîëþö³ÿ ñâ³òîâî¿

ïîë³òè÷íî¿ äóìêè ........................................................................ 8

Ðîçä³ë 1

Ïîë³òè÷íà äóìêà Ñòàðîäàâíüîãî ñâ³òó, Ñåðåäíüîâ³÷÷ÿ

òà Íîâîãî ÷àñó .............................................................................. 10

1.1. Ïîë³òè÷íà äóìêà Ñòàðîäàâíüîãî Ñõîäó .................................. 10

1.2. Ïîë³òè÷íà äóìêà Ñòàðîäàâíüîãî Çàõîäó ................................ 17

1.3. Õðèñòèÿíñüêà ïîë³òè÷íà äóìêà ............................................ 26

1.4. ²ñëàìñüêà ïîë³òè÷íà äóìêà .................................................. 33

1.5. Ñâ³òñüêà ïîë³òè÷íà äóìêà Â³äðîäæåííÿ

òà Íîâîãî ÷àñó .................................................................... 39

1.6. Ïîë³òè÷íà äóìêà Ðóñ³, Óêðà¿íè òà Ìîñêîâ³¿ ........................... 45

Ðîçä³ë 2

Çàðîäæåííÿ, åâîëþö³ÿ òà ³äåîëîã³÷í³ çàñàäè

ïðîâ³äíèõ ïîë³òè÷íèõ äîêòðèí ................................................... 58

2.1. Ë³áåðàë³çì ......................................................................... 58

2.2. Íåîë³áåðàë³çì..................................................................... 64

2.3. Êîíñåðâàòèçì ..................................................................... 69

2.4. Íåîêîíñåðâàòèçì ................................................................ 74

2.5. Ñîö³àë³çì ........................................................................... 77

2.6. Ñîö³àëüíà äåìîêðàò³ÿ .......................................................... 81

2.7. Òîòàë³òàðí³ äîêòðèíè .......................................................... 85

• Êîìóí³çì ......................................................................... 85

• Ôàøèçì .......................................................................... 86

• Ñ³îí³çì ............................................................................ 88

2.8. Àíàðõ³çì ........................................................................... 90

×ÀÑÒÈÍÀ ²²

Ïîë³òèêà ³ ïîë³òîëîã³ÿ .............................................................. 93

Ðîçä³ë 3

Ïîë³òèêà ÿê ñóñï³ëüíå ÿâèùå ..................................................... 93

3.1. Ïîíÿòòÿ ³ ñòðóêòóðà ïîë³òèêè .............................................. 93

3.2. Îáºêòè ³ ñóáºêòè ïîë³òèêè ................................................. 97

3.3. Òèïîëîã³ÿ ³ ôóíêö³¿ ïîë³òèêè ............................................. 100

• Ïðàâîâà ïîë³òèêà ............................................................ 101

• Åêîíîì³÷íà ïîë³òèêà ....................................................... 102

• Ñîö³àëüíà ïîë³òèêà .......................................................... 104

• Ãóìàí³òàðíà ïîë³òèêà ...................................................... 105

Ðîçä³ë 4

Ïîë³òîëîã³ÿ ÿê íàóêà ³ íàâ÷àëüíà äèñöèïë³íà ............................. 107

4.1. Ïîíÿòòÿ, îáºêò, ïðåäìåò ³ ôóíêö³¿ ïîë³òîëîã³¿ .......................107

4.2. Ôîðìóâàííÿ òà ³íñòèòóö³îíàë³çàö³ÿ ïîë³òîëîã³¿ .................... 111

4.3. Ïîë³òîëîã³ÿ â ñèñòåì³ ñóñï³ëüíèõ íàóê................................. 119

4.4. Ìåòîäîëîã³÷í³ ïðèíöèïè ïîë³òîëîã³¿ .................................... 129

4.5. Ìåòîäè ïîë³òîëîã³÷íèõ äîñë³äæåíü ...................................... 133

×ÀÑÒÈÍÀ ²²²

Ïîë³òè÷íà ñôåðà ñóñï³ëüñòâà:

ñòðóêòóðà òà îñîáëèâîñò³ ôóíêö³îíóâàííÿ ................................. 145

Ðîçä³ë 5

Ïîë³òè÷íà ñôåðà òà ïîë³òè÷íå æèòòÿ ñóñï³ëüñòâà ........................ 145

5.1. Ïîë³òè÷íà âëàäà: ïðèðîäà, ðåñóðñè,

ëåã³òèìí³ñòü ......................................................................145

5.2. Ïîíÿòòÿ òà ñòðóêòóðà ïîë³òè÷íî¿ ñôåðè ñóñï³ëüñòâà.

Ïîë³òè÷íå æèòòÿ ............................................................... 157

5.3. Ïîë³òè÷íèé ïðîöåñ.

Ïîë³òè÷íèé ðîçâèòîê (ìîäåðí³çàö³ÿ) ....................................161

5.4. Êåð³âí³ ãðóïè ñóñï³ëüñòâà.

Ïîë³òè÷íà ³ ïðàâëÿ÷à åë³òà ................................................. 167

Ðîçä³ë 6

Ïîë³òè÷íà ñèñòåìà ñóñï³ëüñòâà .................................................. 175

6.1. Ïîíÿòòÿ òà òèïîëîã³ÿ ïîë³òè÷íèõ ñèñòåì ............................. 175

6.2. Ôóíêö³¿ ïîë³òè÷íî¿ ñèñòåìè ............................................... 179

6.3. Ïîë³òè÷í³ ðåæèìè ............................................................. 182

Ðîçä³ë 7

Äåðæàâà ÿê ôîðìà îðãàí³çàö³¿ ñóñï³ëüñòâà ................................. 187

7.1. Ïîíÿòòÿ, îçíàêè ³ ôóíêö³¿ äåðæàâè ...................................... 187

7.2. Ôîðìè äåðæàâíîãî ïðàâë³ííÿ òà óñòðîþ ............................... 191

7.3. Ïðàâîâà ñîö³àëüíà äåðæàâà ................................................. 194

Ðîçä³ë 8

Ãðîìàäÿíñüêå ñóñï³ëüñòâî ......................................................... 199

8.1. Ïîíÿòòÿ, îçíàêè ³ ôóíêö³¿ ãðîìàäÿíñüêîãî

ñóñï³ëüñòâà ....................................................................... 199

8.2. Ïîë³òè÷í³ ïàðò³¿: ñóòí³ñòü, òèïîëîã³ÿ, ôóíêö³¿ ....................... 202

8.3. Ñóñï³ëüíî-ïîë³òè÷í³ îðãàí³çàö³¿ òà ðóõè ...............................208

8.4. Ïàðò³éíî-ïîë³òè÷í³ ñèñòåìè, êîàë³ö³¿ òà óãîäè ...................... 212

Ðîçä³ë 9

Ïîë³òè÷íà ñâ³äîì³ñòü ................................................................ 215

9.1. Ïîë³òè÷íà ñâ³äîì³ñòü: çì³ñò, ñòðóêòóðà,

òèïîëîã³ÿ .......................................................................... 215

9.2. Ïîë³òè÷íà ³äåîëîã³ÿ ........................................................... 221

9.3. Ïîë³òè÷íà ïñèõîëîã³ÿ

ÿê ÷àñòèíà ïîë³òè÷íî¿ ñâ³äîìîñò³ ........................................ 225

Ðîçä³ë 10

Ïîë³òè÷íà êóëüòóðà ................................................................. 232

10.1. Ïîíÿòòÿ ³ ñòðóêòóðà ïîë³òè÷íî¿ êóëüòóðè ............................ 232

10.2. Òèïîëîã³ÿ ³ ôóíêö³¿ ïîë³òè÷íî¿ êóëüòóðè .............................235

10.3. Äåìîêðàòè÷íà ïîë³òè÷íà êóëüòóðà ...................................... 238

10.4. Ïîë³òè÷íà ñîö³àë³çàö³ÿ ....................................................... 243

Ðîçä³ë 11

Ïîë³òè÷í³ â³äíîñèíè ³ ïîë³òè÷íà ä³ÿëüí³ñòü ................................ 249

11.1. Îñîáèñò³ñòü ÿê ñóáºêò ïîë³òèêè .......................................... 249

11.2. Ïîë³òè÷í³ â³äíîñèíè ÿê ïðîöåñ óçãîäæåííÿ

ñóñï³ëüíèõ ³íòåðåñ³â .......................................................... 251

11.3. Ïîíÿòòÿ, òèïîëîã³ÿ ³ ñòèë³

ïîë³òè÷íî¿ ä³ÿëüíîñò³ .........................................................256

11.4. Äåïóòàòñüêà ä³ÿëüí³ñòü ...................................................... 266

11.5. Åòè÷í³ çàñàäè ïîë³òèêè ...................................................... 269

Ðîçä³ë 12

Ïîë³òè÷í³ òåõíîëîã³¿ ................................................................ 273

12.1. Ïîë³òè÷íå ë³äåðñòâî: ïîíÿòòÿ ³ ðîëü ó ìåõàí³çì³

ðåàë³çàö³¿ âëàäè ................................................................ 273

12.2. Ïîë³òè÷í³ òåõíîëîã³¿. Âèáîð÷èé ïðîöåñ ................................ 280

12.3. Îñíîâí³ âèäè âèáîð÷èõ ñèñòåì ............................................ 285

Ðîçä³ë 13

Ïîë³òè÷íà êîìóí³êàö³ÿ ............................................................. 290

13.1. Ïîë³òè÷íà êîìóí³êàö³ÿ, ¿¿ ôóíêö³¿ ³ çàñîáè.

Ïîë³òè÷íà ñèìâîë³êà .......................................................... 290

13.2. ²íôîðìàö³éíà âëàäà.

Çàñîáè ìàñîâî¿ êîìóí³êàö³¿ .................................................297

13.3. Ìàñ-ìåä³à ³ ãðîìàäñüêà äóìêà.

Ïîë³òè÷íå ìàí³ïóëþâàííÿ ..................................................301

Ðîçä³ë 14

Ïîë³òîëîã³ÿ ì³æíàðîäíèõ â³äíîñèí ............................................ 307

14.1. Ì³æíàðîäíà ïîë³òèêà ³ ì³æíàðîäí³

â³äíîñèíè ......................................................................... 307

14.2. Çîâí³øíÿ òà âíóòð³øíÿ ïîë³òèêà äåðæàâè:

çâÿçîê ³ ìåõàí³çìè ôîðìóâàííÿ é ðåàë³çàö³¿ ........................ 311

14.3. Ãåîïîë³òèêà ...................................................................... 313

14.4. Ãëîáàëüí³ ïðîöåñè ðîçâèòêó ñó÷àñíî¿

öèâ³ë³çàö³¿ ........................................................................319

×ÀÑÒÈÍÀ ²V

Ïîë³òè÷íà ïðàêñåîëîã³ÿ ..............................................................323

Ðîçä³ë 15

Ïîë³òè÷íå ïðîãíîçóâàííÿ, ïîë³òè÷í³ ð³øåííÿ

òà ¿õ åôåêòèâí³ñòü .................................................................... 323

15.1. Ïîíÿòòÿ ³ ñóòí³ñòü ïîë³òè÷íî¿ ïðàêñåîëîã³¿ .......................... 323

15.2. Ñóòí³ñòü, òèïîëîã³ÿ ³ ìåòîäè ïîë³òè÷íîãî

ïðîãíîçóâàííÿ ...................................................................325

15.3. Ñóòí³ñòü ³ ìåòîäè óõâàëåííÿ ïîë³òè÷íèõ ð³øåíü ................... 327

Ðîçä³ë 16

Ïîë³òè÷íèé ìàðêåòèíã ............................................................. 334

16.1. Ïîíÿòòÿ ìàðêåòèíãó.

Ôóíêö³¿ ³ âèäè ïîë³òè÷íîãî ìàðêåòèíãó ............................... 334

16.2. Äîñë³äæåííÿ ïîë³òè÷íîãî ðèíêó.......................................... 336

16.3. Âèáîð÷à ³íæåíåð³ÿ ............................................................. 340

16.4. Ïîë³òè÷íå ðåêëàìóâàííÿ. ²ì³äæ .......................................... 344

Ðîçä³ë 17

Ïîë³òè÷íèé ìåíåäæìåíò ........................................................... 350

17.1. Ïîíÿòòÿ, ôóíêö³¿ ³ âèäè ìåíåäæìåíòó.

Ïîë³òè÷íèé ìåíåäæìåíò .................................................... 350

17.2. Ìåíåäæìåíò âèáîð÷î¿ êàìïàí³¿ ........................................... 355

17.3. Ìåíåäæìåíò ïðàâëÿ÷î¿ êîìàíäè ......................................... 380

Ï³ñëÿìîâà ............................................................................... 405

Ñïèñîê ë³òåðàòóðè ....................................................................... 406

ÏÅÐÅÄÌÎÂÀ

òî ìè ³ êóäè ïðÿìóºìî? Äàëåêî íå ðèòîðè÷íå çàïèòàííÿ.

Âîíî ö³êàâèòü óñ³õ ìèñëÿ÷èõ ëþäåé íåçàëåæíî â³ä â³êó, íàö³î-

íàëüíîñò³ ³ ïðîôåñ³¿. Ìîæëèâî, ìåíøîþ ì³ðîþ âîíî ö³êàâèòü

òèõ, õòî, ïðèêðèâàþ÷èñü ìàíäàòîì íàðîäíî¿ äîâ³ðè, åêñïëóàòóº

ìîäíó ïîë³òè÷íó ³äåþ, à òèøêîì-íèøêîì òîðãóº íàö³îíàëüíèìè

³íòåðåñàìè íà äîãîäó ò³íüîâîìó ñâ³òîâîìó óðÿäîâ³, íàáèâàþ÷è

âëàñí³ îë³ãàðõ³÷í³ êèøåí³.

Î÷åâèäíî, öÿ êíèãà  íå äëÿ îñòàíí³õ ñóáºêò³â â³ä ïîë³òè-

êè, à äëÿ óñ³õ ³íøèõ, õòî íå õî÷å çàëèøàòèñÿ â äóðíÿõ ³ ïðàãíå

íàâ÷èòèñÿ â³ää³ëÿòè çåðíî â³ä ïîëîâè, ÷èòàòè ïîì³æ ðÿäê³â ïî-

ë³òè÷í³ òåêñòè ³ ðîçøèôðîâóâàòè ³ñòèíí³ íàì³ðè ó òèõ ÷è ³íøèõ

ïåðèïåò³ÿõ ÷àñîì ëèöåì³ðíîãî, ïîäåêóäè òðàã³÷íîãî ³ çàâæäè

çàõîïëþþ÷îãî ä³éñòâà ïîë³òè÷íîãî òåàòðó ëîã³êè é àáñóðäó.

Îòæå, ÿêùî âè íå õî÷åòå áóòè ìàñîâêîþ ³ ìàòåð³àëîì äëÿ

ñóìí³âíèõ åêñïåðèìåíò³â íàä ñîáîþ, âàì âàðòî ïîçíàéîìèòèñÿ ç

òåîð³ºþ ³ ïðàêòèêîþ ïîë³òîëîã³¿, ÿêà ðîçêðèâàº íàì î÷³ íà ïîë³-

òè÷í³ ì³ôè ³ ïîë³òè÷í³ ðåàë³¿.

×èòàéòå, äóìàéòå ³ ðîá³òü âëàñí³ âèñíîâêè. Öå âñå, ùî âàì

ïîòð³áíî. Àâòîð, ç³ ñâîãî áîêó, ñïðîáóº äîïîìîãòè âàì ðîç³áðà-

òèñÿ: õòî º õòî â ïîë³òè÷í³é äóìö³ ³ ïîë³òè÷í³é ïðàêòèö³.  Äî-

ìîâèëèñü?  Òîä³ ðóøàéìî äî çàõîïëþþ÷î¿ êðà¿íè Ïîë³òèêè!

Ó ñòàðîäàâí³õ ìàíóñêðèïòàõ íåìàº ³ çãàäêè ïðî òàê³ òåðì³-

íè, ÿê ïîë³òè÷íà íàóêà òà ïîë³òîëîã. Àëå â³äñóòí³ñòü öèõ

ñë³â àæ í³ÿê íå îçíà÷àº, ùî ïðîáëåìè ïîë³òèêè òà ïîë³òè÷íîãî

ðîçâèòêó ñóñï³ëüñòâà íå ö³êàâèëè òîãî÷àñíèõ ìèñëèòåë³â.

Ó ïðàöÿõ êèòàéñüêèõ, ³íä³éñüêèõ, ãðåöüêèõ ïðàïîë³òîëîã³â

ìîæíà çíàéòè ÷èñëåíí³ äóìêè ùîäî ñïîñîá³â îðãàí³çàö³¿ ïîë³-

òè÷íî¿ âëàäè, äîñÿãíåííÿ ñîö³àëüíî¿ ñòàá³ëüíîñò³, ïîâåä³íêè âè-

ùèõ ïîë³òè÷íèõ ìåíåäæåð³â òà åëåêòîðàòó.

Á³ëüøå òîãî, çà îñòàíí³ 34 òèñÿ÷³ ðîê³â ³ñíóâàííÿ ÿê çîðãàí-

³çîâàíî¿ ñâ³òîâî¿ ñï³ëüíîòè ëþäñòâî â³äíàéøëî íå òàê óæå é áà-

ãàòî êîíöåïòóàëüíèõ ìîäåëåé ïîë³òè÷íîãî ðîçâèòêó òà ôîðì

âíóòð³øíüî¿ ñòðóêòóðíî¿ ïîáóäîâè é îðãàí³çàö³¿ ñóñï³ëüñòâà.

Âàì ïîòð³áí³ äîêàçè?

Ïåðø í³æ íàâåñòè ¿õ, ñïðîáóºìî ñôîðìóëþâàòè îäí³ é ò³ ñàì³

çàãàëüí³ ïîë³òè÷í³ ïðîáëåìè, ùî íèìè ïåðåéìàëèñÿ é ïåðåéìà-

þòüñÿ ìèñëèòåë³ âñ³õ ÷àñ³â ³ íàðîä³â.

• Ùî òàêå äåðæàâà? Õòî ¿¿ ñòâîðþº: ëþäè ÷è áîãè? Êîìó âî-

íà ñëóãóº: çàãàëüíîìó áëàãó ÷è ìîæíîâëàäöÿì?

• Õòî ìàº êåðóâàòè: ñïàäêîâèé ìîíàðõ, äåìîêðàòè÷íî îáðà-

íèé óðÿä ÷è äèêòàòîð? ßêèì ñë³ä áóòè ïðàâèòåëþ?

• ßê³ â³äíîñèíè ìàþòü áóòè ì³æ ñòîðîíàìè òðèêóòíèêà

äåðæàâà  ãðîìàäÿíñüêå ñóñï³ëüñòâî  ëþäèíà? ¯õí³

ïðàâà òà îáîâÿçêè?

• Ùî òàêå ïðàâî: áîæåñòâåííà äàíèíà, äîãîâ³ð ì³æ ãðîìàäÿ-

íàìè, ùî ìàº ðàíã çàêîíó, ÷è âåë³ííÿ ðîçóìó?

• Ó ÷îìó ñóòü ñïðàâåäëèâîñò³? Ùî ñïðàâåäëèâî: ð³âí³ñòü ÷è

íåð³âí³ñòü? ×è âàðòî òåðï³òè íåñïðàâåäëèâ³ñòü?

ÄÆÅÐÅËÀ, ²ÑÒÎÐ²ß

ÒÀ ÅÂÎËÞÖ²ß ÑÂ²ÒÎÂÎ¯

ÏÎË²ÒÈ×ÍÎ¯ ÄÓÌÊÈ

÷àñòèíà

• Íàñê³ëüêè óçãîäæóþòüñÿ ì³æ ñîáîþ ïîë³òèêà é ìîðàëü?

Ö³ çàïèòàííÿ ïîñòàâàëè é ïîñòàâàòèìóòü ïåðåä ëþäüìè äîòè,

äîêè ³ñíóâàòèìå ëþäñòâî. Çÿñóºìî, ÿê³ â³äïîâ³ä³ äàâàëè íà íèõ

íàø³ ïîïåðåäíèêè çà äàâíîìèíóëèõ ³ íåäàâí³õ ÷àñ³â.

Ðîçä³ë 1

Ïîë³òè÷íà äóìêà Ñòàðîäàâíüîãî ñâ³òó,

Ñåðåäíüîâ³÷÷ÿ òà Íîâîãî ÷àñó

1.1. Ïîë³òè÷íà äóìêà Ñòàðîäàâíüîãî Ñõîäó

Ñõ³ä  ñïðàâà äåë³êàòíà. Öå òâåð-

äæåííÿ çïîïóëÿðíîãî êîëèñü ê³íî-

ô³ëüìó íå òàêå âæå é äàëåêå â³ä ³ñòè-

íè. Àäæå âñ³ ïðîâ³äí³ ñâ³òîâ³ ðåë³ã³¿ çàðîäèëèñü íà Ñõîä³, ³ öÿ

÷àñòèíà Çåìíî¿ êóë³ ñïðàâåäëèâî ìîæå ââàæàòèñü îñåðåäêîì

äóõîâíîñò³ íàøî¿ öèâ³ë³çàö³¿ [112; 195].

Ñêåïòèêè ìîæóòü çàóâàæèòè: ìîâëÿâ, ùî æ ñï³ëüíîãî ó ïîë³-

òèêè é ðåë³ã³¿? Çäàâàëîñÿ á, íåáàãàòî. Ïðîòå íà ïî÷àòêîâîìó åòà-

ï³ ñòàíîâëåííÿ ³íñòèòóòó äåðæàâè, êîëè çíàííÿ ïðî âèòîêè äåð-

æàâè òà âëàäè ùå íå áóëè óçàãàëüíåí³, ¿õ îñíîâíîþ ôîðìîþ áóëè

ì³ôè, â ÿêèõ âèíèêíåííÿ âëàäè ïîâÿçóâàëîñÿ ç áîãàìè. Íàïðè-

êëàä, â îäíîìó ç Òåêñò³â ï³ðàì³ä (27002400 ðð. äî í. å.) éäå-

òüñÿ ïðî òå, ùî ºãèïåòñüêèé ôàðàîí Ïåï³ íàðîäèâñÿ â³ä øëþáó

áîãà Ñîíöÿ òà ñìåðòíî¿ æ³íêè, à îòæå, çà âåðñ³ºþ àâòîð³â çàçíà-

÷åíèõ òåêñò³â, ôàðàîí º ö³ëêîì ïðàâîì³ðíèì ïîë³òè÷íèì ñïàä-

êîºìöåì áîãà.

Çàóâàæèìî, ùî àíàëîã³÷íî ïîáóäîâàíèé ì³ô ïðî áîæåñòâåí-

íå ïîõîäæåííÿ Õðèñòà, ïðè÷îìó º ÷èìàëî ï³äñòàâ ñòâåðäæóâàòè,

ùî ö³ áàçîâ³ ïîë³òè÷í³ ì³ôè âçàºìîïîâÿçàí³. Ñïðàâä³, ³çðà¿ëü-

ñüêèé íàðîä äîâãî ïåðåáóâàâ ó ñêëàä³ Äàâíüîºãèïåòñüêî¿ äåð-

æàâè ³ éîãî ³äåîëîãè, áåçïåðå÷íî, áóëè îçíàéîìëåí³ ³ç ñèñòåìîþ

ðåë³ã³éíî-ïîë³òè÷íèõ ïîãëÿä³â ºãèïòÿí.

Àëå é äî õðèñòèÿíñòâà ºâðå¿ ñïîâ³äóâàëè ðåë³ã³þ  ³óäà¿çì.

Âèíèêíåííÿ òà ðîçâèòîê ö³º¿ ðåë³ã³éíî-ô³ëîñîôñüêî¿ ñèñòåìè

âèñâ³òëåíî â Ñòàðîìó Çàâ³ò³, ùî ÿê ñêëàäîâà óâ³éøîâ äî òåê-

ñòó ñâÿùåííî¿ êíèãè õðèñòèÿí  Á³áë³¿. Ïåðø³ ïÿòü ¿¿ êíèã 

Ïÿòèêíèææÿ Ìîéñåÿ (Òîðà)  ÿâëÿþòü ñîáîþ îñíîâíèé ñâÿ-

ùåííèé òåêñò ³óäå¿â, ÿêèé äîêëàäíî ðåãëàìåíòóº ¿õíº æèòòÿ.

Ëåéòìîòèâîì ³óäà¿çìó º òåçà: ïåðåä íàðîäîì ²çðà¿ëþ í³áèòî

ïîñòàâëåí³ âèñîê³ ìîðàëüí³ âèìîãè, îñê³ëüêè, ìîâëÿâ, ÷åðåç íüîãî

ÁËÈÇÜÊÈÉ ÑÕ²Ä