ASME Section VIII div 2 2010. ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code. Alternative Rules
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2010 SECTION VIII, DIVISION 2
4-315
Table 4.16.1 – Gasket Factors For Determining The Bolt Loads
Gasket Material
Gasket
Factor
m
Min. Design
Seating Stress
y, MPa (psi)
Column
in Table
4.16.3
Facing
Sketch In
Table
4.16.3
Flat metal, jacketed mineral fiber filled:
• Soft aluminum
• Soft copper or brass
• Iron or soft steel
• Monel
• 4% - 6% chrome
• Stainless steels and nickel-base alloys
3.25
3.50
3.75
3.50
3.75
3.75
38 (5,500)
45 (6,500)
52 (7,600)
55 (8,000)
62 (9,000)
62 (9,000)
II
(1a), (1b),
(1c), (1d),
(2)
Grooved Metal:
• Soft aluminum
• Soft copper or brass
• Iron or soft steel
• Monel or 4% - 6% chrome
• Stainless steels and nickel-base alloys
3.25
3.50
3.75
3.75
4.25
38 (5,500)
45 (6,500)
52 (7,600)
62 (9,000)
70 (10,100)
II
(1a), (1b),
(1c), (1d),
(2), (3)
Sold flat metal:
• Soft aluminum
• Soft copper or brass
• Iron or soft steel
• Monel or 4% - 6% chrome
• Stainless steels and nickel-base alloys
4.00
4.75
5.50
6.00
6.50
61 (8,800)
90 (13,000)
124 (18,000)
150 (21,800)
180 (26,000)
I
(1a), (1b),
(1c), (1d),
(2), (3),
(4), (5)
Ring joint:
• Iron or soft steel
• Monel or 4% - 6% chrome
• Stainless steel and nickel-base alloys
5.50
6.00
6.50
124 (18,000)
150 (21,800)
180 (26,000)
I (6)
Note: This table gives a list of commonly used gasket materials and contact facings with suggested
values of m and y that have generally proved satisfactory in actual service when using effective gasket
seating width b. The design values and other details given in this table are suggested only and are not
mandatory.
2010 SECTION VIII, DIVISION 2
4-316
Table 4.16.2 – Recommended Minimum Gasket Contact Width
Gasket Contact Width,
N
Gasket Type
Gasket Outside Diameter
< 150 mm
(6 inch)
< 300 mm
(12 inch)
< 600 mm
(24 inch)
< 900 mm
(36 inch)
900 mm (36
inch) and
Over
Sheet Gaskets Including
Laminated Sheets Gaskets With
Or Without A Metal Core
9 mm
(0.375in)
12 mm
(0.5in)
16 mm
(0.625in)
16 mm
(0.625in)
19 mm
(0.75in)
Preformed Composite Gaskets
Including Spiral Wound, Jacketed,
And Solid Flat Metal Gaskets
6 mm
(0.25in)
9 mm
(0.375in)
12 mm
(0.5in)
16 mm
(0.625in)
16 mm
(0.625in)
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2010 SECTION VIII, DIVISION 2
4-317
Table 4.16.3 – Effective Gasket Width For Determining The Bolt Loads
Facing
Sketch
Facing Sketch Detail (Exaggerated)
Basic Gasket Seating Width
o
b
Column I Column II
1a
N N
2
N
2
N
1b
See Note 1
N
N
1c
min ,
24
wT w N
++
⎡
⎤
⎢
⎥
⎣
⎦
min ,
24
wT w N
++
⎡⎤
⎢⎥
⎣⎦
1d
2
w
≤
N
/
2
w
N
0.4 mm (1/64 in) Nubbin
4
wN
+
3
8
wN+
3
4
N
3
8
N
4
N
See Note 1
3
8
N
7
16
N
5
See Note 1
N
4
N
3
8
N
6
W
8
w
−−−
Notes:
1. Where serrations do not exceed 0.4 mm, (0.0156in) depth and 0.8mm (0.0313in) width spacing,
Sketches (1b) and (1d) shall be used.
2. The gasket factors listed in this table only apply to flanged joints in which the gasket is contained
entirely within the inner edges of the bolt holes.
2010 SECTION VIII, DIVISION 2
4-318
Table 4.16.4 – Flange Stress Factors Equations Involving Diameter
Flange Type Stress Factors Involving Diameter
Integral Type
Flange and
Loose Type
Flange with a
Hub
A
K
B
=
2
10
2
log
1
0.66845 5.71690
11
KK
Y
KK
⎡⎤
⎛⎞
=+
⎢⎥
⎜⎟
−−
⎝⎠
⎣⎦
()
()
()
2
10
2
1 8.55246 log 1
1.04720 1.9448 1
KK
T
KK
+−
=
+−
()
()
()
2
10
2
1 8.55246 log 1
1.36136 1 1
KK
U
KK
+−
=
−−
()
()
2
2
1
1
K
Z
K
+
=
−
3
1te t
L
Td
+
=+
o
F
e for Integral Type Flanges
h
=
L
o
F
e for Loose Type Flanges with a Hub
h
=
2
oo
Ug h
d for Integral Type Flanges
V
=
2
oo
L
Ug h
d for Loose Type Flanges with a Hub
V
=
0o
hBg=
1
0
g
g
X
g
=
h
o
h
X
h
=
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2010 SECTION VIII, DIVISION 2
4-319
Table 4.16.4 – Flange Stress Factors Equations Involving Diameter
Flange Type Stress Factors Involving Diameter
Reverse
Integral Type
Flange and
Reverse
Loose Type
Flanges with
a Hub
The parameters
K , T , U , Y , and
Z
are determined using the equations for Integral
and Loose Type Flanges with:
*
A
K
B
=
Then, the reverse flange parameters are computed as follows:
rr
YY
α
=
()
()
0.3
0.3
rr
Z
TT
Z
α
+
=
−
rr
UU
α
=
3
1
r
r
rr
te
t
L
Td
+
=+
2
1 0.668( 1)
1
r
K
KY
α
+
⎡⎤
=+
⎢⎥
⎣⎦
r
or
F
e for Integral Type Flanges
h
=
L
r
or
F
e for Loose Type Flanges with a Hub
h
=
2
roor
r
Ugh
d for Integral Type Flanges
V
=
2
roor
r
L
Ugh
d for Loose Type Flanges with a Hub
V
=
0or
hAg=
1
0
g
g
X
g
=
h
or
h
X
h
=
2010 SECTION VIII, DIVISION 2
4-320
Table 4.16.5 – Flange Stress Factor Equations
Flange Type Stress Factors
Integral Type
Flange,
Reverse
Integral Type
Flange
(
)
()
()
()
()
()
()
()
()
()
()
3
2
2
3
3
2
2
0.897697 0.297012ln 9.5257 10 ln
0.123586 ln 0.0358580 ln 0.194422 ln ln
0.0181259 ln 0.0129360 ln
0.0377693 ln ln 0.0273791 ln ln
gh
ghgh
gh
gh g h
XX
XXXX
F
XX
XX X X
−
⎛⎞
−+ +
⎜⎟
⎜⎟
+
−−
⎜⎟
=
⎜⎟
+−
⎜⎟
⎜⎟
⎜⎟
+
⎝⎠
2
2
2
3
3
2
0.1 0.5
0.227914 0.344410
0.500244 1.87071 2.49189
0.189953
0.873446 1.06082 1.49970
0.719413
h
hh
gg
hh
h
gg g
h
g
For X
XX
XX
XX
VX
XX X
X
X
≤≤
⎛⎞
⎜⎟
+− −+ +
⎜⎟
⎜⎟
⎛⎞ ⎛⎞
⎜⎟
=+−−+
⎜⎟ ⎜⎟
⎜⎟
⎜⎟ ⎜⎟
⎝⎠ ⎝⎠
⎜⎟
⎜⎟
⎛⎞
⎜⎟
⎜⎟
⎜⎟
⎜⎟
⎝⎠
⎝⎠
22
33 22
0.5 2.0
0.135977 0.0461919 0.560718 0.0529829
0.0144868
0.244313 0.113929 0.00928265 0.0266293 0.217008
h
ghg h
gh g h gh gh
For X
XXX X
V
XX X X XX XX
<≤
⎛⎞
−
−++ +
⎜⎟
⎜⎟
=
⎜⎟
+− − −
⎜⎟
⎜⎟
⎝⎠
2
23
3
23
0.0927779 0.0336633 0.964176
0.0566286 0.347074 4.18699
max 1.0,
1 5.96093(10 ) 1.62904
3.49329 1.39052
gg
hhh
gh
hh
XX
XXX
f
XX
XX
−
⎡⎤
⎛⎞
−++
⎢⎥
⎜⎟
⎢⎥
+−
⎜⎟
=
⎢⎥
⎜⎟
−++
⎢⎥
⎜⎟
⎜⎟
⎢⎥
+
⎝⎠
⎣⎦
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2010 SECTION VIII, DIVISION 2
4-321
Table 4.16.5 – Flange Stress Factor Equations
Flange Type Stress Factors
Loose Type
Flange with a
Hub, Reverse
Loose Type
Flange with a
Hub
(
)
()
()
()
()
()
()
()
()
()
()
()
[]
2
2
2
2
0.941074 0.176139 ln 0.188556 ln 0.0689847 ln
0.523798 ln 0.513894 ln ln
1 0.379392 ln 0.184520 ln 0.00605208 ln
0.00358934 ln 0.110179 ln ln
0.1 0.25
6.57
ln
gh g
hgh
L
gh g
hgh
h
L
XX X
XXX
F
XX X
XXX
For X
V
⎛⎞
+−+ +
⎜⎟
⎜⎟
−
⎜⎟
=
⎜⎟
++− −
⎜⎟
⎜⎟
⎜⎟
+
⎝⎠
≤≤
=
()
()
()
() ()
() ()
2
4
2
2
683 0.115516 1.39499 ln
0.307340 ln 8.30849 2.62307 ln
7.035052(10 )
0.239498 ln 2.96125 ln
0.25 0.50
1.33458
1.56323 1.80696 ln 0.276415 ln
0.417135
ggg
gg g
hh h
h
h
gg
h
L
h
XXX
XXX
XX X
X
For X
XX
X
V
X
−
⎛⎞
⎜⎟
−+ +
⎜⎟
⎜⎟
−+ +
⎜⎟
⎜⎟
−+
⎜⎟
⎜⎟
⎝⎠
<≤
−−+ +
=+
()
()
() ()
3
2
32
22
3
1.39511 ln
0.0137129 ln
0.402096 ln 0.101619 ln
0.0943597
0.50 1.0
0.0763597 0.102990 0.725776 0.160603
0.0213643
0.0918061 0.472277 0.0
g
g
h
gg
hh h
h
ghgh
L
gh g
X
X
X
XX
XX X
For X
XXXX
V
XX X
⎛⎞
⎜⎟
⎜⎟
⎜⎟
⎜⎟
++
⎜⎟
⎜⎟
⎜⎟
⎜⎟
−−
⎜⎟
⎝⎠
<≤
−− ++−−
=
++
⋅
322
3
22
33 22
873530 0.527487 0.980209
1.0 2.0
0.220518 0.0602652 0.619818 0.223212
7.96687(10 )
0.421920 0.0950195 0.209813 0.158821 0.242056
hghgh
h
ghgh
L
gh g h gh gh
XXXXX
For X
XXXX
V
XX X X XX XX
−
⎛⎞
⎜⎟
⎜⎟
⎜⎟
+−
⎜⎟
⎜⎟
⋅⋅
⎝⎠
<≤
⎛
−
++−+
=
++−−
⋅⋅⋅
⎝
1.0f
⎞
⎜⎟
⎜⎟
⎜⎟
⎜⎟
⎜⎟
⎠
=
2010 SECTION VIII, DIVISION 2
4-322
Table 4.16.6 – Moment Arms For Flange Loads For The Operating Condition
Flange Type
D
h
T
h
G
h
Integral Type Flanges
1
2
CBg
−
−
1
22
G
CB
h
−
⎡
⎤
+
⎢
⎥
⎣
⎦
2
CG−
Loose Type Flanges, except Lap
Joint Flanges
2
CB
−
2
D
G
hh
+
2
CG−
Loose Type Lap Joint Flanges
2
CB
−
2
CG
−
2
CG−
Reverse Integral Type Flanges
1
2
2
o
Cg g B
+
−−
1
22
B
G
C
+
⎛⎞
−
⎜⎟
⎝⎠
2
CG−
Reverse Loose Type Flanges
2
CB
−
1
22
B
G
C
+
⎛⎞
−
⎜⎟
⎝⎠
2
CG−
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2010 SECTION VIII, DIVISION 2
4-323
Table 4.16.7 – Flange Moments Of Inertia
Flange Type
I
p
I
Integral Type
Flange with a Hub
2
0.0874
oo
Lg h B
I
V
=
pABCD
I
KK
=
+
()
4
3
11
0.21 1
312
BB
AB A B
AA
BB
KAB
AA
⎡
⎤
⎛⎞
⎛⎞ ⎧⎫
⎢
⎥
⎜⎟
=− −
⎨⎬
⎜⎟
⎜⎟
⎢
⎥
⎝⎠ ⎩⎭
⎝⎠
⎣
⎦
()
4
3
11
0.105 1
3 192
DG DG
CD C DG
CC
DD
KCD
CC
⎡
⎤
⎛⎞
⎛⎞ ⎧⎫
⎢
⎥
⎜⎟
=− −
⎨⎬
⎜⎟
⎜⎟
⎢
⎥
⎝⎠ ⎩⎭
⎝⎠
⎣
⎦
(
)
0.5
R
A
AB
=
−
(
)
01
0.5
avg
Ggg=+
:
,, ,
avg
ARB C DG avg
If t G
AABtChD G
≥
====
:
,, ,
avg
ABavgCRavgDG
If t G
AhtBG C AG D t
<
=
+= =− =
Loose Type
Flange with a Hub
2
0.0874
oo
L
Lg h B
I
V
=
Loose Type
Flange without a
Hub
3
ln
6
B
tK
I =
4
3
11
0.21 1
312
pR
RR
tt
IAt
AA
⎡
⎤
⎛⎞
⎛⎞ ⎧⎫
⎢
⎥
⎜⎟
=− −
⎨⎬
⎜⎟
⎜⎟
⎢
⎥
⎝⎠ ⎩⎭
⎝⎠
⎣
⎦
(
)
0.5
R
A
AB
=
−
2010 SECTION VIII, DIVISION 2
4-324
Table 4.16.8 – Flange Stress Equations
Flange Type
Stress Equations
Operating Condition Gasket Seating Conditions
Integral Type Flange or
Loose Type Flange with
a Hub
2
1
o
H
fM
S
Lg B
=
()
2
1.33 1
o
R
te M
S
Lt B
+
=
2
o
TR
YM
SZS
tB
=−
2
1
g
H
fM
S
Lg B
=
(
)
2
1.33 1
g
R
te M
S
Lt B
+
=
2
g
TR
YM
SZS
tB
=−
Loose Type Flange
without a Hub
2
o
T
YM
S
tB
=
2
g
T
YM
S
tB
=
Reverse Integral Type
Flange or Reverse
Loose Type Flange with
a Hub
2*
1
o
H
r
fM
S
Lg B
=
()
2*
1.33 1
ro
R
r
te M
S
Lt B
+
=
(
)
()
1
2*
0.67 1
1.33 1
Rr
ro
T
r
ZS te
YM
S
tB te
+
=−
+
()
()
2
2
2*
2
20.671
1
r
o
T
r
Kte
M
SY
tB
KL
⎡⎤
+
⎢⎥
=−
−
⎢⎥
⎣⎦
2*
1
g
H
r
fM
S
Lg B
=
(
)
2*
1.33 1
rg
R
r
te M
S
Lt B
+
=
()
()
1
2*
0.67 1
1.33 1
rg
Rr
T
r
YM
ZS te
S
tB te
+
=−
+
()
()
2
2
2*
2
20.671
1
g
r
T
r
M
Kte
SY
tB
KL
⎡⎤
+
⎢⎥
=−
−
⎢⎥
⎣⎦
Reverse Loose Type
Flange without a hub
2*
=
o
T
YM
S
tB
2*
=
g
T
YM
S
tB
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