API Std 617: 2002 Axial and Centrifugal Compressors and Expander-compressors for Petroleum, Chemical and Gas Industry Services

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1-59

ANNEX 1C

TYPICAL SHAFT END SEAL

CROSS-SECTIONAL DRAWINGS

(INFORMATIVE)

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1-60 API STANDARD 617—CHAPTER 1

Figure 1.C-1—Labyrinth Shaft Seal

Ports may be added

for scavenging and/or

inert-gas sealing

Internal

gas pressure

Atmosphere

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AXIAL AND CENTRIFUGAL COMPRESSORS AND EXPANDER-COMPRESSORS FOR PETROLEUM, CHEMICAL AND GAS INDUSTRY SERVICES 1-61

Figure 1.C-2— Mechanical (Contact) Shaft Seal

Internal

gas pressure

Clean oil in

Pressure

breakdown

sleeve

Oil out

Contaminated

oil out

Atmosphere

Running face

Rotating seat

Stationary seat

Carbon ring

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1-62 API STANDARD 617—CHAPTER 1

Figure 1.C-3—Restrictive-ring Shaft Seal

Scavenging port

may be added

for vacuum

application

Ports may be

added for sealing

Atmosphere

Internal

gas pressure

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AXIAL AND CENTRIFUGAL COMPRESSORS AND EXPANDER-COMPRESSORS FOR PETROLEUM, CHEMICAL AND GAS INDUSTRY SERVICES 1-63

Figure 1.C-4—Liquid-ﬁlm Shaft Seal with Cylindrical Bushing

Clean oil in

Inner bushing

Outer bushing

Shaft sleeve

Atmosphere

Oil out

Contaminated

oil out

Internal

gas

pressure

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1-64 API STANDARD 617—CHAPTER 1

Figure 1.C-5—Liquid-ﬁlm Shaft Seal with Pumping Brush

Shaft sleeve

Clean oil

recirculation

Clean oil in

Internal

gas

pressure

Pumping area

Oil out

Atmosphere

Contaminated

Oil out

Inner bushing

Outer bushing

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XIAL

AND

ENTRIFUGAL

OMPRESSORS

AND

XPANDER

COMPRESSORS

FOR

ETROLEUM

, C

HEMICAL

AND

NDUSTRY

ERVICES

1-65

Figure 1.C-6—Single Gas Seal

Figure 1.C-7—Double Gas Seal

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1-66 API S

TANDARD

617—C

HAPTER

Figure 1.C-8—Tandem Gas Seal

Figure 1.C-9—Tandem Gas Seal with Labyrinth

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1-67

ANNEX 1D

TESTING OF GAS SEALS IN SEAL VENDOR’S SHOP

(NORMATIVE)

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1-68 API STANDARD 617—CHAPTER 1

This test procedure shall be followed on every purchased

dry gas seal using the manufacturer’s test rig to verify seal per-

formance. The test shall contain the following as a minimum:

1. The following data shall be recorded as required in 2—

Static Test Pressure or 3—Dynamic Test Procedure of this

annex.

a. Time at which data is recorded.

b. Seal gas temperature and pressure; and leakage ﬂows

(as read and as corrected to standard conditions).

c. Static (breakaway) and test point torque.

d. Process or test stand temperature and pressure.

e. Seal gas leakage associated with the tandem seal pri-

mary and secondary outer leakage.

f. Test speed in rpm.

g. Power consumption (minus tare, if signiﬁcant).

2. Static Test Procedure

a. Set the primary seal gas pressure to the maximum spec-

iﬁed static seal gas pressure. Hold this pressure for a

minimum of 10 min. and record data. Reduce the pressure

to 75%, 50% and 25% of the maximum speciﬁed static

seal gas pressure. Hold at each pressure level and record

static leakage at each step.

b. Set the secondary seal gas pressure to the maximum

speciﬁed static seal gas pressure. Hold this pressure for a

minimum of 10 min. and record data. Reduce the pressure

to 75%, 50% and 25% of the maximum speciﬁed static

seal gas pressure. Hold at each pressure level and record

static leakage at each step.

3. Dynamic Test Procedure

a. With the seal gas at the maximum speciﬁed pressure

and temperature, and the primary vent at the minimum

speciﬁed back pressure, increase the speed from stand still

to maximum continuous speed (MCS) and run for at least

15 min., or until the primary seal leakage reaches steady

state. Record data.

b. Increase the speed to trip speed (if higher than MCS)

and run at least 15 min. Record data at 5-min. intervals.

c. Reduce the speed to MCS and run for at least 1 hour,

recording data at 5-min. intervals. The average primary

leakage must be less than the maximum allowable leakage

that was speciﬁed.

d. Increase the primary vent back pressure to the maxi-

mum value speciﬁed and run for at least 15 min. Record

data.

e. Increase the primary vent back pressure (secondary

seal gas pressure) to the maximum speciﬁed seal gas pres-

sure. This may require the primary seal gas pressure to be

increased to maintain a minimum ∆P on the primary seal.

Run for at least 15 min. Record data at 5-min. intervals.

Note: The compressor manufacturer, based on his own standards

and/or the user speciﬁcation, can specify the seal gas temperature as

the seal manufacturer’s standard, if that has been proved acceptable,

or the maximum seal gas temperature anticipated in the ﬁeld. This

may vary widely, and a judgement needs to be made by the pur-

chaser of the seal as to whether the seal gas temperature in the ﬁeld

will be high enough that it should be simulated in the seal test.

f. Perform two consecutive shutdowns and restarts to

maximum continuous speed as fast as possible to trip

speed and then reducing the speed to maximum continu-

ous speed. Hold the speed for 5 min. or until the leakage

reaches steady state. Record a complete set of data at rest

and at speed. Maintain primary seal gas pressure and sec-

ondary seal gas pressure from item e above.

g. Shut down the rig and maintain speciﬁed seal gas con-

ditions. Record two consecutive sets of data immediately

following shutdown.

4. Visual Inspection

a. Following the test, disassemble the seal while insuring

that all critical parts are match-marked with respect to cir-

cumferential orientation and examine components for

wear, buildup, and general condition.

b. Tabulate condition on “prepared form” and make it part

of the summary report.

5. Static Test Veriﬁcation

a. Reassemble the seal paying particular attention to

match marks and replace it in the test rig.

b. Repeat 2—Static Test Pressure.

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