Anderson J.M. Daily Life during the French Revolution
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Katherine Connors, Dr. Patrick Francois, Richard Dalon, Georges Gottlieb
of the Bibliothèque National de Paris, Howard Greaves, Dr. Rodney Roche,
Drs. Bernard and Herbie Rochet. Thanks also go to Michael Hermann of
Greenwood Press, who suggested the topic, and Sarah Colwell, assistant
editor, Greenwood Press.
Storming of the Bastille by citizens with guns and
pikes. The heads of “traitors” were carried on pikes.
Courtesy Library of Congress.
x Preface
Chronology
1770 Marriage of Dauphin to Marie-Antoinette.
1775 Coronation of Louis XVI.
1776 American Declaration of Independence.
1786 Anglo-French commercial treaty.
1788 Estates-General convoked for May 1789.
1789
February Publication of Sieyès’ What Is the Third Estate?
May 5 Estates-General convene.
June 13 First parish priests break ranks.
June 17 National Assembly proclaimed.
June 27 Orders unite.
July 14 Bastille falls.
Late July The Great Fear.
August 4 Abolition of feudalism and privileges.
August 26 Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizen.
October 5–6 King and National Assembly move to Paris.
November 2 Church property nationalized.
December 11 Assignats introduced.
1790
February 13 Monastic vows forbidden.
May 21 Paris sections established.
June 19 Noble titles abolished.
July 12 Civil Constitution of the Clergy.
July 14 Feast of Federation.
August 16 Parlements abolished.
August 31 Mutiny at Nancy.
November 27 Oath of the clergy.
1791
January 2 Roll-call on clerical oath.
March 2 Guilds dissolved.
April 13 Pope condemns Civil Constitution.
June 10 Royal family’s fl ight to Varennes.
July 16 Reinstatement of Louis XVI.
September 14 Annexation of Avignon. Louis XVI accepts Constitution.
September 30 National Assembly dissolved.
October 1 Legislative Assembly convenes.
October 20 Call for war.
November 9 Decree against émigrés.
November 12 Louis XVI vetoes decree against émigrés.
November 29 Decree against refractory priests.
December 19 Louis XVI vetoes decree against priests.
1792
April 20 War declared on Austria.
April 25 First use of guillotine.
xii Chronology
May 27 New decree against refractory priests.
June 13 Prussia declares war.
June 20 Sans-culottes invade the Tuileries.
July 22 Legislative Assembly declares the country in danger.
July 25 Brunswick Manifesto.
July 30 Marseilles fédérés enter Paris.
August 3 Paris sections demand dethronement of king.
August 10 Storming of the Tuileries; monarchy overthrown.
August 19 Prussians cross frontier. Defection of Lafayette.
September 2 Fall of Verdun.
September 2–6 September massacres.
September 20 Battle of Valmy.
September 21 Convention meets.
September 22 Republic proclaimed.
December 3 Decision to try Louis XVI.
1793
January 21 Execution of Louis XVI.
February 1 War declared on England and Holland.
February 21 Line and volunteer regiments joined.
February 24 Decree conscription of 300,000 men.
February 25–27 Food riots in Paris.
March 7 War declared on Spain.
March 10 Revolutionary tribunal created.
March 11 Revolt in the Vendée.
April 5 Defection of Dumouriez.
April 6 Committee of Public Safety created.
April 11 Assignats made sole legal tender.
April 29 Federalist uprising in Marseilles.
May 4 First Maximum decreed.
Chronology xiii
May 31 First anti-Girondin uprising in Paris.
June 2 Purge of Girondins from Convention.
June 7 Federalist revolt spreads to Bordeaux and Caen.
June 9 Vendeans capture Saumur.
June 24 Constitution of 1793 accepted.
July 13 Marat assassinated.
July 17 Final abolition of feudalism.
July 26 Death penalty for hoarding.
July 27 Robespierre joins Committee of Public Safety.
August 23 Decree of levée en masse.
August 25 Marseilles recaptured.
August 27 Toulon surrenders to the British.
September 5 Government by terror begins.
September 17 Law of Suspects.
September 29 General Maximum introduced.
October 3 Girondins sent for trial.
October 5 Revolutionary calendar introduced.
October 9 Fall of Lyon.
October 10 Revolutionary government declared.
October 16 Marie-Antoinette executed.
October 17 Vendeans defeated at Cholet.
October 31 Execution of Girondins.
November 10 Festival of Reason at Nôtre Dame.
November 22 Parisian churches closed.
December 4 Revolutionary government created.
December 12 Vendeans defeated at Le Mans.
December 19 Fall of Toulon to French.
1794
February 21 Price controls revised.
February 26 Confi scation of émigré land.
xiv Chronology
March 3 Distribution of émigré land among the poor.
March 13 Arrest and execution of Hébertists.
March 27 Revolutionary armies disbanded.
April 5 Danton and Desmoulins executed.
June 8 Festival of the Supreme Being.
July 5 Wage controls introduced in Paris.
July 28 Robespierre sent to guillotine.
September 18 State renounces all subsidies to religion.
November 12 Jacobin club closed.
December 8 Surviving Girondins reinstated.
December 24 Maximum abolished; invasion of Holland.
1795
February 17 Pacifi cation in the Vendée.
February 21 Freedom of worship restored.
April 1 Uprising of Germinal (12 Germinal).
May 20 Uprising of Prairial (1 Prairial).
May 31 Revolutionary tribunal abolished.
June 8 Death of Louis XVII.
June 27 Royalists land at Quibéron; defeated three weeks later.
July 22 Peace concluded with Spain.
October 1 Annexation of Belgium.
October 5 Uprising of Vendémiaire.
October 26 End of Convention.
November 3 Directory constituted.
December 10 Forced loans from the wealthy.
1796
February 19 Withdrawal of assignats.
March 2 Napoleon appointed commander in Italy.
June 12 Papal territory invaded.
Chronology xv
1797
July 25 Political clubs closed.
August 24 Laws against clergy repealed.
September 4 Coup d’état against royalist deputies.
1798
May 11–12 Extremist deputies removed from offi ce.
July 1 Napoleon lands in Egypt.
September 5 General conscription law.
November 25 Napoleon takes Rome.
1799
March 12 Austria declares war.
July 12 Law of Hostages.
November 10 Napoleon overthrows Directory.
November 13 Law of Hostages repealed.
Maps
xvi Chronology
Physical map of France.
Provinces of prerevolutionary France.
xviii
Paris 1789.
xix