Алиев Т.И. Сети ЭВМ и телекоммуникации

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123456 4. 768926ABC5 D5EF

291

SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol – 6B29242E 6B28922

56BC3E7F 89F) 6B7CD7C7 E 56BC3E7F F 4279B2E DC 893F

589B2893CF F 6BFE27FF 3 89F 6BCF C77 659# 27C

56BC3E F7"2BC F. !B29242E SNMP 389B27 32 38 893 *1 F

F862EAD59 9BC7862B97 6B29242E UDP F 62B9 161/UDP F 162/UDP.

DNS (Domain Name System – 8F89C 277 F#7) 6B89C3E9

822 426A9B75 BC86BE#775 FBCBF845 8F895 E

62E57F F7"2BC FF 2 27C, C 382 E 62E57F IP-CB8C 62

8F32EA725 F7F 289C (426A9BC FEF 589B2893C). 6C86BE#77C

CDC C77 DNS 62BF3C98 8 622A FBCBFF DNS-8B3B23,

3DCF28935F 62 272F#7725 6B29242E5. !B29242E DNS 389B27

32 38 893 *1 F F862EAD59 9BC7862B97 6B29242E TCP F UDP F,

822939893772, 62B9 53/TCP F 53/UDP.

SIP (Session Initiation Protocol) – 6B29242E 589C723E7F 8C78C,

6B7CD7C77 E 589C723E7F F DC3B$7F 62EAD23C9EA8422

F79B79-8C78C, 34EC2 27 5EA9FF7 82BF

(3F2- F C5F2427"B7 FF, 27EC7-FB).

SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) – 6B2892 6B29242E 6BCF

629, 6B7CD7C77 E 6BCF +E49B2772 629 3 89 TCP/IP.

POP3 (Post Office Protocol Version 3) – 6B29242E 6292322

29E7F, 3B8F 3, 272 F862EAD5 62923 4EF792 3 6CB 8

6B29242E2 SMTP E 62E57F 8227F +E49B2772 629 8

8B3BC. !B29242E POP3 F862EAD59 9BC7862B97 6B29242E TCP F 62B9

110/TCP. /EA9B7C9F37 6B29242E2 E 82BC 8227F 8 6292322

8B3BC 3E98 6B29242E IMAP.

IMAP (Internet Message Access Protocol) – 6B29242E 28956C 4

+E49B2772 629 279B79C, 4C4 F POP3, 8E5F9 E BC29 82

32FF 6F8ACF, 27C42 286F3C9 B 262E7F9EA7 "574 F,

6B289C3E 62EAD23C9E 28956 4 BC7FEF5 +E49B277 6F8 7C

8B3B 9C4, 4C4 592 +9F 6F8AC 7C298 7C 2 426A9B. POP3

F862EAD59 9BC7862B97 6B29242E TCP F 62B9 143/TCP. %E 296BC34F

6F8 F862EAD598 6B29242E SMTP.

TELNET (TELetype NETwork) – 3FB95CEA7 948923 9BF7CE,

6B7CD7C77 E BCEFDC FF 94892322 F79B"8C 3 89F 8

F862EAD23C7F 9BC7862B9722 6B29242EC TCP (89C7CB97 62B9

23/TCP).

PPTP (Point-to-point tunneling protocol) – 9577EA7 6B29242E 9F6C

924C-924C, 62D32EF 426A9B5 589C7C3EF3C9A DCF#772

82F77F 8 8B3B2 DC 8#9 82DC7F 86 FCEA722 9577E 3

7DCF#772 89F. PPTP F74C685EFB59 4CB PPP 3 IP-6C49 E

6BCF BD 279B79 F 29 F862EAD23C9A8 E 2BC7FDC FF 9577E

5 E24CEA7F 89F. 66)6 F862EAD59 TCP-82F77F E

28E5F3C7F 9577E.

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292

4.4.2.2. 123C33E8 C257B32C733 23!7

TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) – 6B29242E 56BC3E7F

6BC C77 8 589C723E7F 82F77F, BCEFD5F 27

C77F 5 35 5DECF 7C 28723 74292B22 82EC$7F 2

56BC3E7FF 629242 C77.

UDP (User Datagram Protocol) – 9CBC7 6B29242E 6BCF

C77 3 3F 7DC3F8F F7F – 9CBC (datagram).

RTP (Real-time Transport Protocol) 6B7CD7C7 E 6BCF

9BC"F4C BCEA722 3B7F. -C2E2324 RTP-6C49C 82BF9 C77,

722F E 32889C723E7F 2E28C FEF 3F2FD2BC7F 3

6BF#72 5DE, 2 9F6 42FB23C7F F7"2BC FF (JPEG, MPEG F 9. 6.) C

9C4 3B775 945 F 72B 6C49C. '9F 6CBC9B 62D32E9 6BF

F7FCEA7 DCB4C 26BEF9A 62B24 F 279 42FB23C7F

4C22 6C49C, C 9C4 F79B62EFB23C9A 629B77 6C49.  4C893

7FEC2 6B29242EC 9BC7862B9722 5B237, 4C4 6BC3FE2,

F862EAD598 6B29242E UDP.

4.4.2.3. 123C33E8 A9)B9C9!33 23!7

IP (Internet Protocol) - 2872372 6B29242E 894C TCP/IP,

BCEFD5F 6BC5 6C4923 62 IP-89F 29 5DEC 4 5DE5. !B29242E IP:

C) 7 CBC79FB59:

• 289C345 6C4923,

• E2897289A 6C4923,

• 82BC77F 62B4C 62924C 6C4923;

) 7 BCDEFC9 E2F84F 249 (6B2 88), 62B2CF 62924

C77.

'9F DCCF B$C9 6B29242E 567357343 537 TCP F UDP,

BCEFD5F BCDEF7 BF 289C34F C77.  29EFF 29 IP

6B29242E 9BC7862B9722 5B237 BCDEFC9 6BFE27F F 6BC9

C77 29 6BFE27F 4 6BFE27F.

 7C892 3B 7C 875 6B29242E5 IP 3B8FF 4 (IPv4) 6BF2F9

6B29242E 3B8FF 6 (IPv6).

ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) – 8932 6B29242E

56BC3EF 8227F, F862EAD5 3 2872372 E 6BCF

8227F 2 2$F4C F F84EF9EA7 8F95C F, 32D7F4$F 6BF

6BC C77, C 9C4 362E7F 74292B 8B3F87 "574 FF.

ICMP-8227F 7BFB598 6BF 7C27FF 2$F24 3 DC2E234

IP 6C49C, 6BF 29859893FF CB$B59C 4 CB8C95, C 9C4 F862EAD598

CB$B59FDC92BCF E 2723E7F DC6F8 3 9CEF  CB$B59FDC FF

296BC3F9E F E 56BC3E7F 842B289A 296BC34F 8227F

296BC3F9E. ICMP-8227F F74C685EFB598 3 IP 6C49.

ICMP 3E98 729E2 C89A IP, 72 6BF +92 7 EC9

6B29242E IP 8B8932 7C#72 289C34F 8227F. %E +9F E

8589359 6B29242E TCP.

123456 4. 768926ABC5 D5EF

293

IGMP (Internet Group Management Protocol) – 6B29242E 56BC3E7F

B566CF 279B79C, 6B7CD7C77 E 56BC3E7F B566232

(multicast) 6BC C77 3 IP-89 3B8FF 4 (IPv4). IGMP

F862EAD598 CB$B59FDC92BCF F IP-5DECF E 2BC7FDC FF B566

893 589B2893, C 9C4 E 62B4F 629242322 3F2 F 27EC7-FB,

286F3C +""49F372 F862EAD23C7F 893 B85B823.

ARP (Address Resolution Protocol – !B29242E BCDB$7F CB823)

6B7CD7C7 E 26BE7F "FDF8422 CB8C 589B2893C (MAC-

CB8C) 62 2 IP-CB85.

RARP (Reverse Address Resolution Protocol – !B29242E 2BC9722

26BE7F CB8C) 6B7CD7C7 E 26BE7F IP-CB8C 589B2893C

62 2 "FDF8425 CB85 (MAC-CB85).

RIP (Routing Information Proto8ol) – 6B29242E CB$B59FDC FF 9F6C

DVA, BCEFD5F CE2BF9 27C F7"2BC F 2 289567 89 F

BC88927F 2 7F 659# 2583892E3B BC88E4F $FB2423C9EA7

6C4923.

OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) – 6B29242E CB$B59FDC FF 9F6C

LSA, BCEFD5F CE2BF9 27C F7"2BC F 2 828927FF 4C7CE23,

659# 6BF2F8422 989FB23C7F 828927F 4C7CE23 8 8287FF

CB$B59FDC92BCF. !B29242E OSPF BCDBC29C77 E 6BF77F 3 89F

279B79 F F862EAD598 3 B5F 2EA$F 89 (NetWare, SNA, XNS,

DECNet).

4.4.2.4. 123C33E8 575E733 23!7 («B9C9!3

F7C929B»)

SLIP (Serial Line IP) – 6B3 89C7CB9 4C7CEA722 5B237 E

3E77 EF7F, BCDBC29C77 86 FCEA72 E 894C 6B29242E23

TCP/IP, 4292B EC2CB 6B28929 29 F862EAD23C9A8 4C4 E

4259FB5, 9C4 F E 3E77 4C7CE23. SLIP 62BF3C98

92EA42 6B29242E2 89322 5B237 IP.

HDLC (High-level Data Link Control Procedure) – 382425B2373

6B29242E 56BC3E7F 4C7CE2 – 89C7CB9 ISO E 3E77 EF7F,

6B89C3EF 822 88932 6B29242E23 LAP (Link Access Protocol).

HDLC 29728F98 4 F9-2BF79FB23C77 6B29242EC.

PPP (Point-to-Point Protocol) – 6B29242E 3592722 82F77F,

6BF$$F 7C 875 6B29242E5 SLIP F 6289B277 7C 28723 "2BC9C

4CB23 6B29242E23 8893C HDLC 8 262E77F 8289377 62E.

666 3E98 89C7CB97 6B29242E2 279B79C F 9C4 , 4C4 6B29242E

HDLC, 6B89C3E9 822 88932 6B29242E23.

4.4.3. $3C5645372# 4976C# Internet

19B5495BC 89F Internet 29 9A 6B89C3E7C 4C4 728932

426A9B23, 7CD3C *5A164, 624E77 4 74292B2 F72

F79B89F, 6B89C3E 822 82324567289A "FDF84F 89,

7CD3C B5CA21 4, 82F777 CB$B59FDC92BCF (BF8.4.35). 

123456 4. 768926ABC5 D5EF

294

4.35

4C893 6289 259 38956C9A E24CEA7 89F, BC29CF 62

56BC3E7F 74292B C66CBC972 DC3F8F 6B29242E23 (Ethernet, Token

Ring), FEF 4257F4C F277 8F89 6B2FD32EA72 "FDF842

6BFB2 (27 4259FB5 FEF 3E77 EF7FF, 89F X.25,

Frame Relay, FDDI, ATM F B.). !BF +92 38 "574 FF 6B29242EC IP

362E79 289 F CB$B59FDC92B, 7CD3C CF68 28.

*87237 6B29242E2 894C TCP/IP 3E98 6B29242E IP, 4292B

286F3C9:

• 7246567853677$ 36E 6C4923, 9.4. 6BC3C 62 89F

6C49 259 9A 59B7, 56EF FB23C7, DCBC7, 289C3E7 8

7CB5$7F 62B4C;

• 2B64567$ 36E 2C 673F278 3287278, 92 89A

4C 6C49 6B89C3E9 822 2BCC93C 7DC3F8F2 29 B5F

E24 C77, 6BF 628E23C9EA72 F82F 29 296BC3F9E 6C49

259 BC86B289BC79A8 62 BCDEF7 659 3 89F, 79A 62B24 F

C 9B9A8;

• 6E86F73 3C3#7$ 36E 6C4923 3 92 88E, 92

629B 6C49C 6B2F82F9 EF$A 3 92 8F95C FF, 42C 6B29242E 7 7C2F9

7F4C4F "FDF84F 8B893 E 2 289C34F.

4.4.4. $36A2C#  IP-A65#

 894 6B29242E23 TCP/IP F862EAD598 9BF 9F6C CB823

(BF8.4.36):

• 3"55 (6265) 24#52, F862EAD5 E CB8C FF

5DE23 3 6BEC 6289F, 7C6BFB: (/1-CB8C, 8EF 6289A

123456 4. 768926ABC5 D5EF

295

F862EAD59 972E2FF Ethernet, Token Ring, FDDI, FEF IPX-CB8C, 8EF

6289A 7C 28723 972E2FF IPX/SPX;

• 55$5 (IP-24#52), F862EAD5 E F79F"F4C FF 5DE23 3

6BEC 38 8289C372 89F (6289F);

• 4(55 (52 – 8F32EA7 F79F"F4C92B 5DE23,

4292BF 26BFB59 62EAD23C9EF.

4.4.4.1. %9C9!89 IP-529B5

4CEFF 9B# 5B237 CB8C FF 3 IP-89 9B59 6BF77F

6B2 5B 6B2BCD23C7F CB823 BCD7 5B237 E 589C723E7F

822939893F 5 7FF. '9F 6B2 5B BCEFD598 8229398935FF

6B29242ECF, 6B2BCD5FF CB8C 2722

9F6C 3 B52.

4CF2E 527F E 62EAD23C9E

3E98 277 F7C, 7CD3C 9C4

3277A8 65268. (CB$B59FDC F

6BC3C C77 3 89F 362E798 7C

28723 893 CB823.  92  3B, 38

589B2893C 3 426A9B72 89F 272D7C72

F79F"F FB598 57F4CEA7F CB8CF

4C7CEA722 5B237, 3 C897289F (/1-CB8CF

3 E24CEA7 89 Ethernet F Token Ring.

!B2BCD23C7F CB823 3 IP-89

285893E98 3 822939893FF 82 82,

6B89C3E772 7C BF8.4.37. 4F 62B272

BC88C9BF3C98 6B29242E 6B2BCD23C7F

277 CB823 3 893 F 2BC972 8

F862EAD23C7F 6B29242EC DNS F

6B2BCD23C7F 893 CB823 3 "FDF84F F

2BC972, BCEFD52 6B29242ECF ARP F

RARP 822939893772.

4.4.4.2. %9C9!89 IP-529B5

IP-6C32A – F79F"F4C92B 22343 3287278 (22343

8725 2B6). '92 2D7CC9, 92 2F7 F 929  426A9B, 82F777 8

35 89F (BF8.4.38), F9 3C IP-CB8C: 89A 1 F79F"F FB59 2

62 CB85 IP1, C 89A 2 – 62 CB85 IP2.

IP-CB8C 6B89C3E9 822 32-F923 F79F"F4C92B,

2BF79FB23C77 7C B$7F 2872372 DCCF 6B29242EC IP-

& 24#5$ $ IP - 5 !

8265

(C66CBC97)

55$5

(IP

CB8C)

%277 F7C

4.36

9FDF84F CB8

21-/-35-12-68-F8

1932 (IP-)

CB8

169.29.234.1

ARP RARP

%2772 F

fkb.meta.org

DNS

4.37

123456 4. 768926ABC5 D5EF

296

CB$B59FDC FF. %E 52893C 6B89C3E7F IP-CB823 F862EAD598

F"B232 F 7C6F8C7F 3 3F 89F722 6B89C3E7F 4 C9,

BCDE77 924CF, 7C6BFB: 192.171.153.60 .

!B327CCEA72 3 279B79 EC 6BF79C 9C4 7CD3CC 4EC8823C

CB8C F. 8 IP-CB8C BCDE7 7C 5 4EC8823 (29 / 2 1),

6B89C3E77 7C BF8.4.39, 72 6BC49F842 6BF77F 7C29 3

2872372 9BF 6B3 4EC88C: A, B F 1. .EC88 D 6B7CD7C7 E DCC7F

B5662322 CB8C, C 4EC88 1 – 7 F862EAD598 (DCBDB3FB23C7 E

628E52 F862EAD23C7F).

IP-CB8 82892F9 FD 35 62E: 62E «42B 89F», 6B89C3EF

822 CB8 "FDF842 89F (6289F), F 62E «42B 5DEC», 3EF

3 +92 6289F 4274B972 589B28932 (289).

!BFD7C42 6BF7CE7289F CB8C 4 26BE#7725 4EC885 8E5C9

6B3 F9 CB8C: 8EF 6B3 F9 BC37 0, 92 CB8 6BF7CEF9

4EC885 /, 8EF 6B3 F9 BC37 1, C 392B2 – 0, 92 CB8 6BF7CEF9

4EC885  F 9..

!BF7CE7289A CB8C 4 925 FEF F725 4EC885 26BE9 BCDB

89F (9CE.4.4):

• 4EC88 / 82293989359 2EA$2 89F 8 C48FCEA7 F8E2

5DE23 (2

– 2) = 16 777 214;

• 4EC88  82293989359 8B7 89F 8 F8E2 5DE23 2 65534;

• 4EC88 1 82293989359 CE2 89F 8 F8E2 5DE23 2 (2

–2)=254.

*99F, 92 C48FCEA72 42EF8932 5DE23 3 89F 26BE98

42EF8932 32F7 BCDB23

, 2932F 62 72B 5DEC:

max

−=

N ,

89A

F84EC98

3C

72BC

•

75E32

(

38

BCDB

BC37

0);

CB8

75E3

D7C7F

72BC

5DEC

2D7CC9

CB8

89F

;

4.38

'(

1

&6C5A

… 9

… 17

… 25

… 32

62 B

42B

89F

42B

5DEC

(

289C

)

62 B

42B

89F

42B

5DEC

62 

42B

89F

42B

5DEC

62 D

,B566232

CB8

62 F

-CBDB3FB23C7

E

628E52

F862EAD23C7F

4.39

123456 4. 768926ABC5 D5EF

297

• F7F7 (38 BCDB BC37 1); CB8 8 F7F7F

D7C7FF 72BC 5DEC 3E98 $FB2423C9EA7 F 2D7CC9

6BC5 6C49C 38 5DEC 89F.

"6F86 4.4

-23256 62 A 62 B 62 C

6CDB 89F 2EA$C 8B7 CEC

42B

(CB8)

89F

7CF7A$F

1.0.0.0 128.0.0.0 192.0.0.0

7CF2EA$F

126.0.0.0 191.255.0.0

223.255.255.0

8F8E2 5DE23 3 89F

(max)

16 777 214 65 534 254

%EF7C

62E 3

F9C

72B 89F

7 14 21

72B 5DEC

24 16 8

IP-CB8 6289B27 9C4F 2BCD2, 92 62E «42B 89F» F

«42B 5DEC» 272 E2  3EF9A 89B2, 92 282772 84CD3C98

7C +""49F37289F CB$B59FDC FF (CE 3B77 DC9BC9 7C

3E7F CB8C «42B 89F»).

!2842EA45 IP-CB8 F79F"F FB59 8932 82F77F, C 7 5DE,

92 298C 394C9 6BF7 F6FCEA72 2BC7F7F: 2F8 E3$25

252738 8C 373B 328  54$, 37 3F#27 3C62F73 8C278

IP-652.

4.4.4.3. %9F5E789, 5!C373A789 F 23!89 IP-529B5

IP-CB8C F 62BF3C9 &5265 24#52 (BF8.4.40),

2BC77 4 728935 5DE23 F/FEF 89 F EF8 7C 3C 4EC88C:

• $FB2423C9EA7 (broadcast), 2BC77 42 38;

• B56623 (multicast), 2BC77 4 DCC7725 728935

24923.

/B87C 729C F 6BF +92 287233C98 7C DC62E77FF CB87

62E 75EF (2BC7F 4 C7725 2495, this) FEF F7F CF

(2BC7F 42 38 249C, all).

16 FCEA7 CB8C

0FB2423C9EA7

(broadcast)

,B56623 (multicast)

!289277

(well-known

addresses

)

B277

(transient multicast groups)

4.40

123456 4. 768926ABC5 D5EF

298

 9CE.4.5 6BF8E7 38 32D27 86 FCEA7 CB8C,

9BC49234C 4292B BC84B3C98 7F.

"6F86 4.5

& D(5# 5 D(5# %362

B4#5 1

0 0 0 … 0 0 0 0 … 0

B4#5 2

0 0 0 … 0 & & & … &

B4#5 3

& & & … & 0 0 0 … 0

B4#5 4

1 1 1 … 1 1 1 1 … 1

B4#5 5

& & & … & 1 1 1 … 1

B4#5 6

01111111 - - - … -

B4#5 1 – "6589$4C" FEF 5&#54567* 24#5, F862EAD5 3

F7F FCEFDC F2772 6B2 5B, 42C BC2C 89C7 F 7 D7C9 8322 IP-

CB8C FEF 29 2 82EC823C9A; F862EAD598 92EA42 4C4 652

35682F, 72 7F42C 4C4 CB8 62E5C9E.

B4#5 2 – CB8 4274B9722 5DEC (&&&…&) 3 92  89F, 92 F

5DE-296BC3F9EA; 6BF798 3 8E5C, 42C 5DE-296BC3F9EA 7 D7C9

F79F"F4C92BC 89F, 3 4292B2 BC29C9, 7C6BFB 6BF F7F FCEFDC FF

DF84232 BC2 89C7 FF, 4292BC 6BF 34E7FF 322 7F2 7

D7C9 7F 2 89F, 7F 2 8; F862EAD598 92EA42 4C4 652 3F962F F

7F42C 4C4 CB8 296BC3F9E.

B4#5 3 – CB8 89F (72 7 5DEC).

B4#5 4 – 626* FEF #2"5* +#$52256*

CB8 (limited FEF local broadcast address); F862EAD598, 42C

F79F"F4C92B 89F 62 4C4F-EF2 6BFF7C 7FD3897; E

F862EAD23C7F 7 B427598.

B4#5 5 – B3 5 43552612789 CB8 (direct broadcast

address), 2BC77 42 38 5DEC C772 89F.

B4#5 6 – 12A15 6C32A, 3 4292B2 6B3 C9 F9 D7C7F

127, C 289C3$8 62E 7 86 F"F FB23C72; F862EAD598 E DCC

29EC4F F 989FB23C7F, 7 3E98 CB82 7F4C42 89F, F

CB$B59FDC92B 7F42C 7 2BCC93C9 2; 9C4 7CD3C98 6C32A5

536195 B2174 (loopback address), 62842EA45 6C49 8 9C4F CB82,

628EC77 7C F79B"8 loopback 32D3BCC98 7C 929  F79B"8, 7

32 DC 6BE 6289F.

279B"8 loopback F9 7842EA42 6BF77F. *7 29 9A

F862EAD23C7 893 4EF7984F 6B2BC7 2867F, 92

2C9A8 8 8B3B7 6BFE27F, BC862E2772 7C 92 

426A9B. '929 C7FD 62ED7 E 989FB23C7F 8E5, 7 623BC

F D26C87289A BF845, 4C4 6BF 5CE772 8932 28956.

 89C7CB9C 279B79C 26BE72 7842EA42 9C4 7CD3C

2$(! 24#5$, B4275 F 63737343 83FC3678 

522F6D 373B 328 8 723566A62AD 6558C63568:

• 3 4EC88 /: 10.0.0.0 (1 89A);

123456 4. 768926ABC5 D5EF

299

• 3 4EC88 : 172.16.0.0 – 172.31.0.0 (16 89);

• 3 4EC88 1: 192.168.0.0 – 192.168.255.0 (256 89).

 4C893 #%&&$ 24#52 F862EAD598 CB8C 4EC88C D.

,B56623C CB8C F 3 TCP/IP BEC79FB598 32F 8289C372

C89A 3 IP 6B29242E2 IGMP (Internet Group Management Protocol).

,B566232 CB8 29 2F79A 5DE FD BCD7 "FDF84F 89

659 F862EAD23C7F 3 CB$B59FDC92BC 86 FCEA7 6B29242E23

B566232 CB$B59FDC FF. .C 5DE 29 3 E2 279

624EF9A8 4 26BE772 CB872 B566 FEF 39F FD 7.

,B56623 CB8C 7CD7CC98 NIC F BCDE98 7C 3C 4EC88C:

• & 5 – E 76BB372 858935F B566 (9C4

7CD3C «38 FD3897 CB8C» – well-known addresses);

• $#2(55 – E 2BC7FD5 7C 74292B 8B24 B566,

4292B 8589359 2 9 62B, 624C 3 B566 82BC798 29  2F7

E7 (9C4 7CD3C «3B77 CB87 B566» – transient multicast

groups).

6C86B289BC77F B56623 8227F 62 F79B89F

2BC7FF3C98 3B7 FD7F (time-to-live) IP-6C49C.

4.4.4.4. B3E43!57F9 A5B3 E IP-529B3!

6A6 6B89C3E9 822 32-BCDB7 32F7 42, 82BCF

3 72E3FE8D 25AD (658D) 56C56D «F7F », C 3 289CEA7 –

«75EF». .2EF8932 F7F 3 C84 26BE9 BC7F 5 72BC

(F79F"F4C92BC) 89F. %B5FF 8E23CF, F7F7 D7C7F C84F

62D32E9 3EF9A FD IP-CB8C 72B 89F, C 289C3$F8 EC$F

BCDB IP-CB8C 26BE9 72B 5DEC 3 +92 89F.

2862EAD23C7F C824 E IP-CB823 62D32E9 56858 652732

535673 F 8EC9A 8F895 CB8C FF 2E F42, 7 6BF3DC772

4 4EC88C IP-CB823 (/,  FEF 1).

-#(5#. !589A DCC7:

IP-652: 126.65.32.5 F 6E6: 255.192.0.0 .

IP-CB8 126.65.32.5 82293989359 CB85 5DEC 0.65.32.5 3 89F

126.0.0.0 .

-C6F$ IP-CB8 F C845 3 32F72 3F:

IP-CB8: 01111110.01000001.00100000.00000101

C84C: 11111111.11000000.00000000.00000000

)2C:

652 28: 01111110.01 FEF 126.64.0.0

652 CF6: 000001.00100000.00000101 FEF 0.1.32.5

)C4F 2BCD2, 3892 89F 126.0.0.0, 6BF7CEC 4 4EC885 /,

6BF 7CEFFF C84F F 89A 126.64.0.0, 4292BC 7 6BF7CEF9 7F

2725 FD 4EC8823 /,  FEF 1. (C48FCEA72 42EF8932 5DE23 3 +92 89F

26BE98 EF72 62E CB8C, F862EAD522 E 75BC FF 5DE23, 92

123456 4. 768926ABC5 D5EF

300

89A 42EF8932 75E3 BCDB23 3 C84.  7C$ 6BFB +92 22

BCDBC, 8E23C9EA72, C48FCEA72 42EF8932 5DE23 3 89F 59 BC372

– 2 = 4 194 302.

%E 89C7CB97 4EC8823 89 C84F F9 3F:

62 B: 11111111. 00000000.00000000.00000000 (255.0.0.0);

62 .: 11111111. 11111111.00000000.00000000 (255. 255.0.0);

62 : 11111111. 11111111. 11111111.00000000 (255. 255. 255.0).

8C892 F862EAD23C7F C84F 54CD3C98 3 3F: 116.165.42.35/12, 

F8E2 12 26BE9 42EF8932 F7F7 BCDB23 3 C84 E IP-CB8C

116.165.42.35.

4.4.4.5. ,5B299E97F9 IP-529B3!

6C86BE7F IP-CB823 29 362E79A8 35 86282CF:

• 2756F8C367732 56522F2782, BCEFD52 86 FCEA7F

2BC7CF BF89BC FF E2CEA7 CB823, BC86BEFF CB8C 3

89F 279B79 F 2BCD5FF FBCBF845 89B5495B5, 624CDC775 7C

BF8.4.41;

• 6368C85367732 56522F2782, BCEFD52 3 89 8

F7 CF7F89BC9F37 56BC3E7F 8 F862EAD23C7F 6B29242EC

7CD7C7F CB823 DHCP.

!B29242E E C392C9F8422 7CD7C7F IP-CB823 – Dynamic

Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) – 29 62BF3C9A 8E5F

86282 BC86BE7F CB823 (BF8.4.42):

• 59732 56522F2782 – 8 5C89F CF7F89BC92BC 89F, 6BF

DHCP-8B3B 38C 3C9 26BE7725 4EF795 2F7 F 929 

7CD7C77 5 CF7F89BC92B2 CB8;

• 636892E32 6892E32 56522F2782 – DHCP-8B3B

6BF 6B32 624E7FF 4EF79C 3FBC9 FD 65EC 7CEF7 IP-CB823

6B2FD32EA7 IP-CB8, 4292B 6BF 628E5F 624E7F 4EF79C

7 798;

,EC37 2BC7 BF89BC FF E2CEA7 CB823 3 Internet

ICANN –Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers

6F27CEA7 29E

ARIN

(/BF4C)

RIPE

(13B26C)

APNIC

(/DF) …

!289C3F4F 58E5

.EF79

4.41