Алиев Т.И. Сети ЭВМ и телекоммуникации

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• CB8C F 89C7 F,

• 27 56BC3E F7"2BC F,

• 5B237F 6B29242EC /)(,

• 86282 589C723E7F 3FB95CEA722 4C7CEC,

• 86282 56BC3E7F 9BC"F42.

.259C F 6C4923 6B2F82F9 7C 28723 4C2914461536

431D67895F5 69676 (Virtual Channel Identifier, VCI), 4292B

7CD7CC98 82F77F 6BF 2 589C723E7FF F 57F92C98 6BF

BCDB3 82F77F.

FB95CEA7 4C7CE 259 9A 3377A8 (PVC) F

E3852A8 (SVC). %E 5842B7F 4259C FF 3 2EA$F 89

F862EAD598 6279F 856F7343 8 (Virtual Path), 4292B

2F79 3FB95CEA7 4C7CE, FF 3 89F /)( 2F CB$B59

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35 4259C92BCF 89F. C291446153 431D67895F5 BD14 (Virtual

Path Identifier, VPI) 3E98 89CB$ C89A E24CEA722 CB8C F

6B89C3E9 822 2F 6B"F48 E 74292B22 42EF893C BCDEF7

3FB95CEA7 4C7CE23. )C4F 2BCD2, CB8C F 3 972E2FF /)(

BCEFD23C7C 7C 35 5B237:

• 7C 5B237 CB823 4277 5DE23 (7C +9C6 589C723E7F

3FB95CEA722 4C7CEC);

• 7C 5B237 72B23 3FB95CEA7 4C7CE23 (6BF 6BC C77

62 8"2BFB23C7725 3FB95CEA725 4C7CE5).

19C7CB9 /)( 7 332F9 832F 86 F"F4C FF 7C BCEFDC F

"FDF8422 5B237 F 287233C98 7C 972E2FF SDH/SONET, 6BF7FC

# FBCBF 842B289. *BC7FDC F /)( Forum 26BEFEC E /)( 7

38 FBCBFF 842B289 SDH, C 92EA42 842B289F *1-3 (155 (F9/8) 8

F862EAD23C7F 32E242772-269F8422 4CE FEF 7+4BC7FB23C772

NNI

UNI

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NNI (Network-Network Interface)

UNI (User

Network Interface)

4.27

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4259C92B

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123456 4. 768926ABC5 D5EF

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32E242772-269F8422 4CE.

298 F B5F "FDF84F F79B"8 89 /)(, 29EF7 29

SDH/SONET:

• F79B"8 )1/11 F )-/1-, F862EAD5 3 E2CEA7 89;

• F79B"8 E24CEA7 89 82 842B289A 100 (F9/8 (FDDI) F

25 (F9/8.

%E B$7F DCCF 8237F BCD72B2722 9BC"F4C 3 272 89F

3 972E2FF /)( BCEFD23C7 6BF7 F6 C6E6C6 53E73B 33738 F

E6926 3F#8678, 4C4 3 972E2FF Frame Relay.

4.3.4.2. %C9 23C33E3! *D

194 6B29242E23 /)( 624CDC7 7C BF8.4.28, C BC86BE7F

6B29242E23 62 4277 5DEC F 4259C92BC /)( – 7C BF8.4.29.

194 6B29242E23 /)( 82293989359 7F7F 5B237

8F5B23732 2EF ISO/OSI F 34EC9:

• 5B237A CC69C FF /)(,

• 82893772 5B237A /)(;

• "FDF84F 5B237A.

!B22 822939893F 5 5B237F 6B29242E23 972E2FF /)(

F 5B237F 2EF OSI 79.

4#$5 242&2 (B' Adaptation Layer, AAL) 6B89C3E9

822 7C2B 6B29242E23, 4292B 6B2BCD59 E24F C77 6B29242E23

3B7F 5B237 89F /)( 3 4F /)( 75722 "2BC9C. 9574 FF

+9F 5B237 289C9272 58E2372 82293989359 "574 F 9BC7862B9722

5B237 2EF OSI, 7C6BFB "574 F 6B29242E23 TCP FEF UDP.

!B29242E AAL 6BF 6BC 62EAD23C9EA8422 9BC"F4C BC29C9 92EA42

.5#!5 %#$

4#$

242&2

B' (AAL1-5)

!25B237A

4273B7 FF

*C C89A 625B237

4273B7 FF

16 F"F84C E

8B3F8C C89A

!25B237A 879C FF F

BC88EFB23C7F

4#$5 B'

(CB$B59FDC F, 5EA9F6E48FB23C7F,

56BC3E7F 629242, 2BC294C

6BF2BF9923)

53"5*

%#$5

!25B237A 82EC823C7F 6BCF

!25B237A, DC3F8F 29 "FDF842

8B

4.28

123456 4. 768926ABC5 D5EF

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3 4277 5DEC 89F (8. BF8.4.29), 4C4 F 9BC7862B97 6B29242E

2EA$F7893C 972E2F.

4#$5 B' DC7FC9 3 894 6B29242E23 /)( 6BFB72 92 

892, 92 6B29242E IP 3 894 TCP/IP FEF 6B29242E LAP-F 3 894

6B29242E23 972E2FF Frame Relay. !B29242E /)( DC7FC98 6BC

4 BD 4259C92B 6BF 589C723E772 F 7C89B2772 3FB95CEA72

82F77FF, 92 89A 7C 28723C7FF 2923 9CEF 4259C FF 62B923.

!B29242E /)( 362E79 4259C F 62 72B5 3FB95CEA722

82F77F, 4292B 3 972E2FF /)( BCDF9 7C 3 C89F –

8278 8E635 856F7343 8 (Virtual Path Identifier, VPI) F

8278 8E635 856F7343 E676F6 (Virtual Channel Identifier, VCI).

.B2 +92 2872372 DCCF 6B29242E /)( 362E79 B "574 F 62

4279B2E DC 82E7F 9BC"F4-4279BC49C 82 892B27 62EAD23C9E

89F, CB4FB234 4-7CB5$F9E, 29BC83C7F 4-7CB5$F9E

6BF 6BB5D4 89F, C 9C4 56BC3E7F 629242 4 E 623$7F

6B2FD32F9EA7289F 89F.

4.3.4.3. +32A5C *D-69F

!B29242E /)( BC29C9 8 4CF 8E52 "2BC9C,

6B89C3E7722 7C BF8.4.30.

!2E 4&#2$655 &( (Generic Flow Control) F862EAD598

92EA42 3 UNI 6BF 3DCF2893FF 427722 5DEC F 6B322 4259C92BC

89F E 56BC3E7F 9BC"F42 F 6B293BC7F 6BB5D4F. %E NNI +92

62E 7 26BE72, C 2 F9 F862EAD598 E BC8$FB7F 62E

F79F"F4C92BC 3FB95CEA722 659F (VPI).

!2E 452# $#%26 &% (VitualPath Identifier,

VPI) F 452# $#%26 2262 (Vitual Channel Identifier,

VCI) DC7FC9 822939893772 8 F 16 F9. '9F 62E DCC9 9523

431D67895F5 A52C49294 , BCDE77 7C 89CB$5 (VPI) F EC$5

(VCI) C89F.

!2E & &653* 2#%3 (Payload Type Identifier, PTI) 82892F9

FD 3- F9 F DCC9 9F6 62ED72 7CB5D4F, 6B728F2 42 –

62EAD23C9EA84F C77 FEF 56BC3EC F7"2BC F (7C6BFB, E

589C723E7F 3FB95CEA722 82F77F). .B2 922, 2F7 F9 +922 62E

F862EAD598 E 54CDC7F 6BB5D4F 3 89F.

/)(

9FDF84F

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 272F9232 62E --6 – 583582 3258 192BE8 (Cell Loss

Priority, CLP) 4259C92B /)( 29C9 4F, 4292B 7CB5$C9

82EC$7F 2 6CBC9BC 4C893C 28E5F3C7F, 92 5CEF9A F 6BF

6BB5D4C 89F: 4F 8 CLP=0 3E98 382426BF2BF997F, C

4F 8 CLP=1 – 7FD426BF2BF997F F 259 9A 5CE7 6BF

6BB5D4C.

!2E 4&#2$655 +2( $ 326$5 (Header Error Control,

12) 82BF9 4279B2EA75 855, 3F8E775 F C643F3E6 4F.

4.3.4.4. 12F7F 25(3C8 3AAC5C323! *D

!B2FEE89BFB5 6BF7 F6 BC29 4259C92B23 /)( 7C 6BFB

/)(-89F, 6B89C3E772 7C BF8.4.27,C). %E 6B28929 62E2F, 92

5DE /, , … 6B89C3E9 822 24277 4259C92B, 4 4292B

624E7 8229398935F 62EAD23C9EF (C2779) 89F. '92

2D7CC9, 92 5 5DECF /, , … F 4259C92BCF .1, .2 F .3

C77 6BC98 3 3F 4.

!2E2F, 92 3 6B2 88 589C723E7F 82F77F, 8"2BFB23C7

3FB95CEA7 82F77F, 624CDC77 7C BF8.4.31 F 6289B27C 9CEF C

4259C FF E 4259C92BC .1, 6B89C3E77C 7C BF8.4.32.

.C4 3F72 FD 9CEF , 8"2BFB23C72 5 3FB95CEA7 82F77F

(4C7CE23) 5 C2779CF 89F: / – D, B – E, B – F, C – F F C – G.

6C8829BF 6B2 88 6B227F BD .1 4F 29 C2779C /, 3

DC2E234 4292B2 3 279 # 628956E7F 3 62B9 1 4259C92BC 3

4C893 F79F"F4C92B23 3FB95CEA722 659F F 3FB95CEA722 4C7CEC 559

7C2F9A8 D7C7F VPI=10 F V1I=101 (BF8.4.31).  822939893FF 8

7F9

8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

36BC3E7F 629242 (GFC)

452#

$#%26 &% (VPI)

452#

$#%26 &% (VPI)

3278 8E635

856F7343 E676F6 (VCI)

3278 8E635 856F7343 E676F6 (VCI)

3278 8E635

856F7343 E676F6 (VCI)

)F6 62ED72

7CB5D4F (PTI)

!!:

36BC3E7F 2$F4CF 3 DC2E234 (HEC)

%C77 6C49C

-C2E2324 4F (5 C9)

…

4.30

7C9

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285

DC6F8A 3 6B32 89B24 9CEF  4259C FF, 628956F3$C 7C 1- 62B9

4C 8 VPI=10 F V1I=101 2E7C 9A 7C6BC3E7C 3 4- 62B9

4259C92BC, 6BF# 3 DC2E234 4F F79F"F4C92B 3FB95CEA722

659F F 3FB95CEA722 4C7CEC 2E7 9A DC77 7C D7C7F VPI=40 F

V1I=103 (BF8.4.33). /7CE2F72, 4C, 628956F3$C 7C 2- 62B9 8

VPI=20 F V1I=104 59 7C6BC3E7C 3 4- 62B9 4259C92BC, 6BF# 3

DC2E234 F79F"F4C92B 3FB95CEA722 659F F 3FB95CEA722 4C7CEC

559 DC77 7C D7C7F VPI=40 F V1I=107.

VPI=10 V1I=101 … %C77

-C2E2324

. 62B9 1:

VPI=40 V1I=103 … %C77

-C2E2324

. 62B9 4:

)

4.33



.1

.2

.3

101

106

103

107

104

108

110

4.31

262 ((%2 ((%2#2 (1

/D3 /AD3

!2B9 VPI VCI !2B9 VPI VCI

1 10 101 4 40 103

4 40 205 2 20 106

2 20 104 4 40 107

3 30 108 5 50 110

3 50 302 3 30 109

4.32

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286

4.3.4.5. '(9B9697F9 569BC!5 3(BE)F!57F

.C8932 28E5F3C7F (QoS) 3 /)(-89 DCC#98 8E5FF

6CBC9BCF 9BC"F4C 3FB95CEA722 82F77F:

• 6F423C 842B289A 6BCF 4 (Peak Cell Rate, PCR);

• 8B7 842B289A 6BCF 4 (Sustained Cell Rate, SCR);

• F7FCEA7C 842B289A 6BCF 4 (Minimum Cell Rate,

MCR);

• C48FCEA7C 3EFF7C 65EA8C F (Maximum Burst Size, MBS);

• 2E 629B77 4 (Cell Loss Ratio, CLR);

• DCB4C 4 (Cell Transfer Delay, CTD);

• 3CBFC F DCB4 4 (Cell Delay Variation, CDV).

 DC3F8F289F 29 9B23C7F, 6B3E 4 4C8935 6BCF

C77, 3 /)(-89 BCDEFC9 5 4EC8823 9BC"F4C, BCDEFCF8:

• 842B289A 6BCF;

• 53893F9EA7289A 4 DCB4C;

• 862822 589C723E7F 82F77F;

• 82324567289A 6CBC9B23 QoS, CBC49B7 E C7722

4EC88C.

 9CE.4.2 6B89C3E7C 4EC88F"F4C F 4EC8823 9BC"F4C 3

822939893FF 8 54CDC77F 6BFD7C4CF F 6BF37 6BFB 9BC"F4C

4C22 4EC88C. -8A  6B89C3E7 9F6 6B29242EC (AAL1-AAL5) 5B237

CC69C FF /)( (AAL), 4292B 286F3C9 BCEFDC F DCC77

9B23C7F.

"6F86 4.2

62 A B C D X

#

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!B77C

 3245#35

853893F9EA7

4 53893F9EA7

545-

5

1 589C723E7F

7D 589C-

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.26A9

B7

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)BC"F4 42-

6A9B7

89

-2#2(5#

QoS

PCR,

CTD,CDV

PCR, SCR,

MBS, CTD,

CDV

PCR,SC

R,MBS

4

26BE7

*6BE-

98 62EA-

D23C9E

AAL

AAL1

AAL2

AAL5

AAL3/4

 6B89C3E772 4EC88F"F4C FF 6B5829B7 262E7F9EA7

4EC88 9BC"F4C, 29EFCF8 29 4EC8823 A, B, C F D, 6CBC9B 4292B22

259 9A 26BE7 62EAD23C9E.

123456 4. 768926ABC5 D5EF

287

4.3.4.6. B3E43!57F9 C9 73E3FF *D

*872372 826B7F4 972E2FF /)( 3 E24CEA7 89 –

FCF97 972E2FF Ethernet. )C,  722FC 38242842B2897C

CF89BCEA F 7 9B598 62B4C QoS BCD7 9F623 9BC"F4C,

E822BCD72 F862EAD23C9A 972E2F Gigabit Ethernet. )72E2F /)(

29 24CDC9A8 6B629F9EA7 9C,  3C72 286F9A DCC772

4C8932 28E5F3C7F (3F2427"B7 FF, 9BC78E F 9E3FDF277

6BC F 9. 6.).

 9BBF92BFCEA72-BC86BE77 89 /)( 6BF798 9C, 

89A Frame Relay 7 86BC3E98 8 2EA$FF 2CF 9BC"F4C, F 9C, 

7572 286F9A 7FD4F 5B237A DCB4, 722F E 6BCF

F7"2BC FF BCEA722 3B7F.

4.4. C8DACE4A E Internet

,E2CEA7C 89A Internet BCEFD23C7C 7C 28723 894C 893

6B29242E23 TCP/IP, 286F3CF 6BC5 C77 5

BCD72B27F E24CEA7F F 9BBF92BFCEA7F 89F, C 9C4

4257F4C F277F 8F89CF F 589B2893CF.

4.4.1. 32542# CA593C# A927C# C 93D27C2C97786 A534538

Internet

!23E7F 89F Internet F 894C 6B29242E23 TCP/IP 6B$89323CEC

3 8BF7 1960- 223 BCDBC294C 62 +F2 C79893C DARPA (Defence

Advanced Research Projects Agency – 36BC3E7F 6B8649F37

F88E23C7F (F7F89B893C 22B27 10/) 89F, 62E5F3$ 7CD3C7F

ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects Agency NETwork). 6CDBC294C 89F

EC 62B57C 19+7"2B8425 F88E23C9EA8425 F789F9595 F 9B#

CBF4C784F 57F3B8F99C: .CEF"2B7F8425 3 28-/7E8 F

37F3B8F99C $9C9C ;9C F $9C9C .CEF"2B7F 3 1C79C-7CBCB.

'486BF79CEA7C 89A FD 9B# 5DE23 EC DC657C 3 427  1969

2C, C 4 427 5 1972 2C 3 89F 7C8F93CE28A 2E 30 5DE23.

 1974 25 EF BCDBC29C7 2EF F 6B29242E TCP/IP E

56BC3E7F 272 C77F 3 F79B89, C 1 73CB 1983 2C 89A

ARPANET 62E7289A 6B$EC 7C 6B29242E TCP/IP.

 427  1970- 223 4C F27CEA7 7C57 "27 10/ (National

Science Foundation, NSF) 7CCE BCDBC2945 57F3B8F99842 89F,

62E5F3$ 7CD3C7F NSFNet, 4292BC FEC 2BCD2 2

EA$5

6B2658475 862827289A,  ARPANET.  8BF7 1980- 223

6B2FD2$E2 2F77F 89 NSFNet F ARPANET, DC 4292B

DC4B6FE28A 7CD3C7F INTRNET (279B79).

 1984 25 EC BCDBC29C7C 8F89C 277 F#7 (Domain

Name System, DNS), C 3 1989 25 623FEC8A 427 6 F 8FB72

6C59F7 (World Wide Web,WWW) F EF BCDBC29C7 6B29242E 6BCF

F6B9489C HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol) F D4 BCD94F

F6B9489C HTML (HyperText Markup Language).

123456 4. 768926ABC5 D5EF

288

7EC2CB 29859893F F722 B54232893C F 294B9289F

97F84F 89C7CB923 279B79 2F7FE 2EA$F78932 858935F

89 F 4 7CCE5 21 34C 89CE 6265EB7 8B8932 E 27C C77F.

 7C892 3B 624EF9A8 4 279B795 272 BD

86597F4F 83DF, BCF2-4C7CE, 4CEA72 9E3F7F, 9E"27, 829235

83DA, 86 FCEA7 269F42-32E24277 EF7FF FEF +E49B26B232C.

.22BF7C F BCDBC2924 F 62B4C 279B79C 285893E98

8E5FF #232( #%%#2( (BF8.4.34):

• Internet Activities Board (IAB) – 79BCEA7 2BC7, 34ECF

3C 6242F99C:

1 8F2362FE8B – IRTF (Internet Research Task Force);

1 C6E37362F7AB – IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force),

362E7F "574 F C7CEFDC, BCDBC294F F 6BF79F

89C7CB923 89F Internet, 62E5F3$F 7CD3C7F RFC (Request

For Comments);

• Network Information Center (NIC) – 2BC7, 293989377 DC

BC86B289BC77F 97F842 F7"2BC FF, BC295 62 BF89BC FF F

624E7F 62EAD23C9E 4 Internet F DC B$7F BC

CF7F89BC9F37 DCC, 9C4F 4C4 BC86BE7F CB823 3 89F.

4.4.2. !564 395949E9 TCP/IP

!2 5( (5(5*$() &#6$ TCP/IP 3 $FB242 88E

272 627FC9 38A 7C2B BCEFDC F 89C7CB923 RFC.

122939893F 5B237 TCP/IP 5B237 OSI-2EF F F862EAD5

7C 4C2 5B237 287237 6B29242E 894C TCP/IP 6B89C3E7 3

9CE.4.3.

(2EA 894C 6B29242E23 TCP/IP 82BF9 4 5B237.

4C 6B32 5B237 (Network interface – 55$* 5#5*)

7C2F98 C66CBC972 DC3F8F2 6B2BC72 2867F, BCEFD5

6BC5 C77 3 92 FEF F72 8B. 1BC 6BCF C77 29

9#2325 #%%# Internet

IAB (Internet Activities Board) - 2756F7AB 35467

IETF

(Internet Engineering

Task Force) –

C6E37362F7AB

3E382 – C7CEFD,

BCDBC294C F 6BF79F

89C7CB923

RFC (Request For

IRTF

(Internet

Research Task Force) –

F88E23C9EA84F

6242F99

NIC

(Network

Information

Center) –

BC86B289BC7-

7F 97F842

F7"2BC FF,

BF89BC F F

624E7F

62EAD23C9E

4 Internet,

4.34

123456 4. 768926ABC5 D5EF

289

9A BCEFD23C7C BCDEF7F 86282CF: 29 6B28922 3592722

D37C 2 8E272 7225DE232 4257F4C F2772 89B5495B 89F X.25

FEF Frame Relay. 194 6B29242E23 TCP/IP 62BF3C9 38 89C7CB97

6B29242E "FDF8422 F 4C7CEA722 5B237 BCDEF7 893

972E2F: Ethernet, Token Ring, FDDI, PPP F B5F.

"6F86 4.3

4#$

OSI-

(456

4#$ TCP/IP -#6 A6

42!

5-7

4. Application

(B3476C95)

FTP, TFTP, BGP, HTTP,DHCP,

SNMP, DNS, SIP, SMTP,

POP3, IMAP,Telnet, PPTP

1227F

3. Transport

(1369AB5319)

TCP, UDP, RTP 179,

%9CBCC

2. Internet

(2)A2125)

IPv4, IPv6 , ICMP, IGMP,

ARP, RARP, RIP, OSPF

!C49

1-2

1. Network

interface (A2125

491232A)

SLIP, HDLC, PPP

Ethernet, 802.11 Wi-Fi, 802.16

WiMax, Token ring, FDDI,

X.25, Frame relay, ATM

.CB

4C 392B2 5B237 (Internet – 8932) BCEFD598 DCCC

CB$B59FDC FF 8 F862EAD23C7F 6B29242EC IP. 92BC 3C7C DCCC

6B29242EC IP – 824B9F C66CBC972-6B2BC7 28277289 8B

6BCF C77 F 6B289C3E7F 3$ECF 5B237 F722

57F"F FB23C7722 F C66CBC972 7DC3F8F22 F79B"8C E 289C34F

C77, 92 286F3C9 7226EC9"2B772 6BF77F 6BFE27F,

BC29CF 62 TCP/IP.

4C 9B9A 5B237 (Transport – 9BC7862B97) B$C98 DCCF

7C72 289C34F 6C4923 F 82BC77F F 62B4C F E2897289F.

4C 93#B92 5B237 (Application – 6BF4EC72) 7C298

6BF4EC7 DCCF, DC6BC$F3CF 8B3F8 5 9BC7862B9722 5B237.

*87237F 28277289F 894C 6B29242E23 TCP/IP 3E98:

• 7DC3F8F289A 29 8B 6BCF C77;

• 7CBC79FB23C77C 289C34C 6C4923.

27"2BC F277 249 (C77) 6BC3C 7C BCD7

5B237 3 89F 279B79 62E5FEF 8E5F 7CF723C7F:

• A552942 (message) – E24 C77, 4292B 26BFB59

6BF4EC72 5B237A, 6BC3C 29 6BFE27F 4 9BC7862B9725

5B237 8 8229398935FF +925 6BFE27F BCDB2 F 8C79F42;

• A2F291 (segment) – E24 C77, 4292B 26BFB59 6B29242E

TCP 7C 9BC7862B972 5B237;

• C216F366 (datagram) – E24 C77, 4292B 26BFB59

6B29242E UDP 7C 9BC7862B972 5B237;

123456 4. 768926ABC5 D5EF

290

• B621 (packet) – E24 C77, 7CD3C 9C4 IP-

9CBC2, 4292B 26BFB59 6B29242E IP 7C 8932 5B237;

• 6C3 (frame) – C66CBC972 DC3F8F E24F C77, 62E577

3 BD5EA9C9 56C4234F IP-9CBC 3 "2BC9, 6BFE E C772

"FDF842 8B 6BCF C77 F 6BC3C 7C 7F7 5B237

TCP/IP-2EF, 7CD3C2 «893 F79B"82».

6C8829BF 4BC942 6BF8E77 3 9CE.4.3 6B29242E 894C

TCP/IP, 74292B FD 4292B (IP, UDP, TCP, HDLC, PPP) 2E 62B272

BC88C9BF3C98 3 628E5F 6CBCBC"C.

4.4.2.1. 123C33E8 2FE5733 23!7

FTP (File Transfer Protocol – 6B29242E 6BCF "CE23),

6B7CD7C77 E 6BCF "CE23 3 89F F 28956C 4 5CE#77

289C, BCEFD59 8E5F "574 FF:

• 624E7F 4 8B3BC FTP;

• 6B2829B 82BF22 4C9CE223;

• DCB5D4C "CE23 8 8B3BC FEF 7C 8B3B.

FTP "574 F27FB59 623B 9BC7862B9722 6B29242EC TCP F

F862EAD59 62B9 20/TCP E 6BCF C77 F 62B9 21/ TCP E 6BCF

42C7.  6B29242E FTP 6B5829B7 32D27289F C5979F"F4C FF F

6BCF "CEC 8 6BB3C7722 89C, 8EF 6BCC "CEC EC 6BB3C7C

62 4C42-92 6BFF7.

TFTP (Trivial File Transfer Protocol – 6B2892 6B29242E 6BCF

"CE23) 6B7CD7C7 EC37 2BCD2 E 6B327CCEA72 DCB5D4F

DF8423 BC2F 89C7 F. TFTP F862EAD59 9BC7862B97 6B29242E

UDP F 62B9 69/UDP.  29EFF 29 FTP, 6B29242E TFTP 7 82BF9

32D27289 C5979F"F4C FF, 29 32D27C "FEA9BC F 62 IP-CB85.

BGP (Border Gateway Protocol – 6B29242E BC7F722 $EDC) –

2872372 6B29242E F7CF842 CB$B59FDC FF 3 279B79,

6B7CD7C77 E 27C F7"2BC F 2 CB$B59C 5

C392727F 8F89CF. 9574 F27FB59 623B 6B29242EC

9BC7862B9722 5B237 TCP F F862EAD59 62B9 179/TCP.

HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol – 6B29242E 6BCF F6B9489C)

6B7CD7C7 E 6BCF C77 (FD7CCEA72 – 3 3F F6B948923

2457923) 7C 28723 4EF79-8B3B72 972E2FF. HTTP 3 7C892

3B F862EAD598 32 8FB72 6C59F7 E 62E57F F7"2BC FF 8

3-8C923.

DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol – 6B29242E

F7CF842 427"F5BC FF 5DEC) 6B7CD7C7 E C392C9F8422

BC86BE7F 5 426A9BCF IP-CB823 F 427"F5BC F277

6CBC9B23, 722F E BC29 3 89F TCP/IP. !B29242E BCEFD598

3 9C4 7CD3C2 DHCP-8B3B 62 4EF79-8B3B72 972E2FF 659#

3CF IP-CB8C F 427"F5BC F277 6CBC9B23 3 2939 7C

628956F3$F DC6B28 29 426A9BC. !B29242E DHCP F862EAD59

9BC7862B97 6B29242E UDP F 62B9 67/UDP F 68/UDP.