Алиев Т.И. Сети ЭВМ и телекоммуникации

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123456 4. 768926ABC5 D5EF

271

62 89F F 7C6BC3E 426A9BC E 2BC294F, F 2BC972 BCD2B4F

6C4923, 3 89F F862EAD598 86 FCEA7 589B2893C – PAD (Packet

Assembler Disassembler – 35%8E-56C35%8E 6E23), 4292B 3

B58842D7 F8927F4C 7CD3C98 !/% (!C497 /C69B %C77).

!/% 259 9A 389B277F FEF 5CE#77F.

19C7CB92 26BE#7 52D5372AB 2E 533E3F3 8

F862EAD23C7F 7C 4C7CEA72 F 8932 5B237 6B29242E23 

673F2782 3287278, 56BC3EF 62924CF C77 F

F86BC3EF 2$F4F.

1932 5B237A BC88F9C7 7C BC295 92EA42  378 533E3F3

E676F7343 537 F 7 29 62272 6B29242E5 IP 2F79A

BCD72B27 89F.

9574 FF !/% 3 822939893FF 82 89C7CB92 &.- 3E98:

• 82B4C 8F32E23, 62E577 29 C8F7B277 9BF7CE23 ), 3

6C49;

• BCD2B4C 6C4923 F 332 C77 7C C8F7B277 9BF7CE;

• 56BC3E7F 6B2 5BCF 589C723E7F 82F77F F

BCDF77F 62 89F &.25;

• 6BCC 8F32E23 62 9B23C7F C8F7B27722 9BF7CEC F B.

)BF7CE 7 F9 4277 CB823 89F &.25. /B8

6BF83CF3C98 62B95 !/%, 4292B 624E7 4 4259C92B5 6C4923

&.25 8 622A 3E7722 4C7CEC.

.26A9B F E24CEA7 89F 624EC98 4 89F &.25

7628B893772 BD CC69B &.25 FEF CB$B59FDC92B (BF8.4.20) 8

62B42 6B29242E23 &.25.

4.3.2.2. %C9 23C33E3! B9CF $.25

19C7CB9 89 &.25 26F83C9 3 5B237 6B29242E23:

• "FDF84F;

• 4C7CEA7;

• 8932.

4C BF8.4.21 624CDC7C 2EA 3DCF2893F 4277 5DE23 ('(,

CB$B59FDC92B, !/%) F 79B23 4259C FF 6C4923 (5.!).

4C 8C892E3 5372 26BE#7 6B29242E X.21 – 57F3B8CEA7

F79B"8 5 24277 22B523C7F (DTE) F C66CBC95B2

&.25

LAP

&.25

LAP

5.!

3DE

4.21

123456 4. 768926ABC5 D5EF

272

6BCF C77 (DCE) E 8F7B27722 BFC BC29 3 89 22

62EAD23C7F, C 9C4 6B29242E X.21bis E 223, 523E932BF

B427C F 8BFF V.

16 E676F73 5372 F862EAD598 6B29242E LAP-B, 3EF8

62728932 6B29242EC HDLC. '929 6B29242E 286F3C9

8CEC78FB23C77 BF BC29, 92 2D7CC9 BC3726BC3F 5DE23,

5C8935F 3 82F77FF. !2 6B29242E5 LAP-B 589C7C3EF3C98

82F77F 5 4277F 5DECF (426A9B2, CB$B59FDC92B2

FEF 82BF4CF-BCD2BF4CF 6C4923) F 4259C92B2 89F, C 9C4

5 7628B893772 83DC77F 4259C92BCF.

223B 5327 +.25/3 (3 89C7CB9 7CD3C7 6E27A 5372)

BCEFD598 8 F862EAD23C7F BCDEF7 9F623 6C4923 F 362E79

"574 FF 6558C688 6E23, 673F278 F 56C5A6 856F7343

E676F6 5 4277F C2779CF 89F F 56BC3E7F 629242 6C4923.

4C BF8.4.22 624CDC7C 628E23C9EA7289A "2BFB23C7F 4CBC

4C7CEA722 5B237 LAP-B, 6BC3C22 5 5DECF F 5.!.

 4277 5DEC C77 2E 3824F 5B237 (4-7)

56C4233C98 7C 8932 (6C4972) 5B237 3 6C49 &.25, 4292B DC9

6BC#98 7C 2- 4C7CEA7 5B237A,  6C49 34EC3C98 3 62E

C77 4CBC LAP-B. .CB LAP-B 34EC9 3 8 35C923

DC2E2324, 82BCF CB8 (/) F 62E «36BC3E7F (3)», F 427 3F4 (2

FEF 4 C9C), 82BCF 4279B2EA75 855 (.1).  4C893

2BCE7F 4CBC F862EAD598 8-F923C 628E23C9EA7289A 01111110,

7CD3CC "EC2 (9). 4CD7C7F F 82BC7F 54CDC77 62E

BC88C9BF3C98 3 6.4.4.10.2, 6283#772 26F8C7F 6B29242EC HDLC.

4.3.2.3. &BC573!E97F9 !F2C5E733 B39F797F

%E 589C723E7F 3FB95CEA722 82F77F 5DE-296BC3F9EA

628EC9 5DE5-62E5C9E 6C49 Call Request (BF8.4.23) 6B29242EC X.25.

!2E, BC862E277 3 6B3 9B C9C DC2E234C 6C49C,

F862EAD598 32 38 9F6C 4CB23 6B29242EC &.25.

!BFD7C4 Q 26BE9 8 87 35688 3 62E C77 6C49C: Q=1 –

56BC3EC F7"2BC F, Q=0 – C77.

!BFD7C4 D 6B7CD7C7 E 325#278 58,6 6C49C 5DE2

7CD7C7F.

3 C9C

%C77 -C2E2324

%C77

%C77 -C2E2324

/ .1 9 9

!C49 X.25

.CB LAP-B

4.22

123456 4. 768926ABC5 D5EF

273

%35F9232 62E Modulo DCC#9

25EA 75BC FF 6C4923: 10 – 25EA

128, C 01 – 25EA 8.

!2E LGN (Logical Group

Number) 82BF9 D7C7F 73256

F34892E3B 45A, 2F7

3FB95CEA7 4C7CE 8 27F 2F

"574 F27CEA7 6BFD7C42, 7C6BFB:

• 6289277 3FB95CEA7

4C7CE;

• 4259FB5 56E487

3FB95CEA7 4C7CE F 9..

!2E LCN (Logical Channel

Number) 82BF9 7325 856F7343

E676F6, 7CD7CC 5DE2-F8927F42

(E 4259FB5 3FB95CEA7

4C7CE23) FEF CF7F89BC92B2 89F

(E 6289277 3FB95CEA7 4C7CE23).

(C48FCEA72 42EF8932 3FB95CEA7

4C7CE23, 6B22F BD 2F7 62B9,

BC372 2

=256.

!2E & (Type), EF72 8 F9, 54CD3C9 8 6E26:

56BC3EF 6C49 FEF 6C49 C77. %E 56BC3EF 6C4923 3 +92

 62E 54CD3C98 629F6 6C49C, C E 6C4923 C77 – 72BC

62E2F9EA7 F 29BF C9EA7 43F9C7 F.

1E5F 3C 62E 26BE9 F87 6523 76C769278 8

83978E6 (DA F SA), 4292B BC862ECC98 3 8E5F 35 62E.

/B8 DA F862EAD598 E CB$B59FDC FF 6C49C Call Request, C SA – E

6BCF 5DE2 7CD7C7F 6293B7F 2 589C723E7FF 82F77F

659# 628E4F 6C49C Call Accepted – «-C6B28 6BF79», 3 4292B2 +9F

CB8C 798 89CF. /B8C 259 F9A 6B2FD32EA7 "2BC9.

!2E Facilities length (!F876 3F F4) F Facilities (-F48) 757

E 82EC823C7F 262E7F9EA7 58E5, 4292B 6B289C3E9 89A

C27795. 4C6BFB, 62EAD23C9EA 8 622A 58E5F «12EC823C7F

6CBC9B23 56BC3E7F 629242» 29 F862EAD23C9A 789C7CB97

D7C7F 6CBC9B23 6B29242EC, 9C4F 4C4 BCDB 247C, C48FCEA7

BCDB 62E C77 6C49C F 9. 6.

!2E User Data (3F2 677AD) 29 F9A BCDEF7

C48FCEA7 D7C7F EF7: 29 64 2 4096 C9. !B629F9EA72

3E98 EF7C 128 C9.

!C49 Call Request CB$B59FDFB598 3 5DEC 89F 7C 28723C7FF

9CEF  CB$B59FDC FF, 6B24EC3C 6BF +92 3FB95CEA7 4C7CE.

4CCEA72 D7C7F 72BC 3FB95CEA722 4C7CEC DCC9 62EAD23C9EA 3

+92 6C49 3 62E LCN. !28E 589C723E7F 3FB95CEA722 4C7CEC

4277 5DE 27F3C98 6C49CF C77 (Data), 3 4292B 6B3

Q D Modulo LGN

LCN

Type

Lengh DA Lengh DA

Destination address (DA)

…

Source address (SA)

…

Facilities length (FL)

Facilities

…

User Data

…

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

4.23

123456 4. 768926ABC5 D5EF

274

9BF C9C 9C4F , 4C4 3 6C49 Call Request, C CB87 62E F 62E 58E5

2985989359.

.259C92B (5.!) 89 &.25 6B2 F $3E CB$B59FDC92B23,

62842EA45 7 62BF3C9 6B2 5B 27C CB$B5972 F7"2BC F

F, 4C4 8E893F, 6B2 5B 62F84C 269FCEA7 CB$B5923, C 9C4 7

362E79 6B2BCD23C7F "2BC923 4CB23 4C7CEA7 6B29242E23. 1

B52 892B27, 62 8BC377F 8 4259C92BCF E24CEA7 89, 4292B

6B2892 6BC9 628956F3$F 4CB 7C 3272 62B9, 4259C92B &.25

362E79 B 262E7F9EA7 "574 F, C F772:

• 6BF7FC9 4CB LAP-B F 6B23B9 4279B2EA75 855;

• 6BF 27CB57FF 2$F4F FEF 59B 4CBC 2BC7FD59

62392B75 6BC5;

• "2BFB59 2939-6293B7F 8 4274B97 72B2;

• 26BE9 62 72B5 3FB95CEA722 4C7CEC 3272 62B9,

FD3E4C9 FD 4CBC 6C49 &.25, C DC9 "2BFB59 723 4CB E

CEA7$2 6B23F7F 6C49C.

4CEFF +9F "574 F 258E23EF3C9 8BC37F9EA72 738245

6B2FD32F9EA7289A 4259C92B23 &.25, 4292BC 8289C3E9 7842EA42

98 6C4923 3 84575.

!B29242E 89 &.25 EF BCDBC29C7 F 78CE3E3537AD

E676F3 C8  A3E8 5372 32D F 72 4656785$ 5223B

53E73B 33738, 72 259 589C7C3EF3C9A 6BF2BF99 9BC"F4C

29EA7 3FB95CEA7 4C7CE23, 4292B 54CD3C98 3 DC6B28 7C

589C723E7F 82F77F 3 62E 58E5.

4.3.3. !65C Frame Relay

4.3.3.1. 'B3(9773BCF C9 73E3FF Frame Relay

Frame Relay – 89F, 4292B 62 8BC377F 8 89F &.25 2BCD2

E5$ 6229 E 6BCF 65EA8FB52 9BC"F4C E24CEA7 89 3

9 8E5C, 42C 4C7CE 83DF 6BFEFC98 62 4C8935 4 4C7CEC

E24CEA7 89, 7C6BFB 6BF F862EAD23C7FF 32E242772-269F84F

4CE.

6C8829BF 4BC942 287237 28277289F 972E2FF Frame Relay.

1. 18CE6 533E3F76 8CA39738 F 2B64567AB 52#8

563A 89 Frame Relay 286F3C9 38245 6B2658475

862827289A (2 2 (F9/8) F 72EA$F DCB4F 4CB23.  92  3B

972E2F Frame Relay 72 3229862 762#7$ 25269 4CB23,

32DECC +9F "574 FF 7C 6B29242E 3B7F 5B237.

2. .65678536776 325#E6 3737AD 3E6C62F2B E6926

3F#8678 – 8B7 842B289F 6BCF C77 62 3FB95CEA725

4C7CE5 6BF 26589F 65EA8C F 9BC"F4C – 287237C 28277289A,

29EFCC 972E2F Frame Relay 29 &.25.

3. 19C7CB9 Frame Relay 26BE9 6 86 856F7AD

E676F3 – 6289277 (PVC) F 4259FB5 (SVC).

123456 4. 768926ABC5 D5EF

275

4. )72E2F Frame Relay F862EAD59 E 6BCF C77 97F45

3FB95CEA7 82F77F, C7CE2F75 92, 4292BC 6BF798 3 89

&.25. *7C42 62EAD23C9EA84F C77 (6BF 589C723E772 3FB95CEA72

82F77FF) 3 89 Frame Relay 6BC98 62 6B29242EC 92EA42

8C892E343 8 E676F7343 5372B, 3 92 3B 4C4 3 89 &.25 628E

589C723E7F 82F77F C77 6BC98 6B29242E2 3-2 5B237.

5. !2 8BC377F 8 972E2F &.25 3 89 Frame Relay 7A$

76EF67A2 56D3A 6BF 6BC C77, 9C4 4C4 27F 34EC3C98 3

4CB 4C7CEA722 5B237, C 7 3 6C49 89322 5B237, 4C4 3 89 &.25.

6. !B29242E 4C7CEA722 5B237 LAP-F 3 89 Frame Relay,

29728F8 4 88935 6B29242E23 HDLC, F9 6 52#86 563A –

$* (core)  %&#2$6 /2* (control).  2872372 BF 4CB

6BC98 D 6B2BCD23C7F F 4279B2E, 4C4 F 3 4259C92BC

E24CEA7 89. -C 89 +922 89F Frame Relay 2ECC9 38AC 38242

6B2FD32F9EA7289A, 9C4 4C4 4CB 3 4259C92BC 7 623BC98

6B2BCD23C7F, C 89A 7 6BC9 43F9C7 FF 6293B7F 5

4259C92BCF 7C 4C 62EAD23C9EA84F 4CB, 4C4 +92 6B2F82F9 3

89F &.25. !5EA8FB5F 9BC"F4 6BC#98 3 89F Frame Relay

289C9272 89B2 F D 2EA$F DCB4.

7. )72E2F Frame Relay, 2BF79FB23C77C 7C F862EAD23C7F

4C7CE23 83DF 382422 4C893C, 7 6B58C9BF3C9 362E77F

"574 F 62 3765#278$ 8 E3552E88 8E6#,77AD E653. '9F "574 FF

32DECC98 7C 4277 5DE, 4292B 2E7 27CB5F3C9A F

42BB49FB23C9A 2$F4F 8 F862EAD23C7F 6B29242E23 9BC7862B9722 FEF

2E 3824F 5B237.  +92 2972$7FF 972E2F Frame Relay EFD4C

4 972E2F E24CEA7 89, 9C4F 4C4 Ethernet, Token Ring F FDDI,

4292B 92 92EA42 356A6$ 8E6#277A2 E65A, 72 8CF 7

DC7FC98 F 62392B72 6BC.

162827289A 972E2FF Frame Relay 465678536 72E335A2

65625A E6926 3F#8678 (QoS) 3E98 4E32. 2772

62+925 C77C 972E2F 62E5FEC $FB242 BC86B289BC77F.

4.3.3.2. 1392)5 569BC!5 3(BE)F!57F

)72E2F Frame Relay CBC79FB23C772 286F3C9 362E77F

287237 6CBC9B23 4C893C 9BC7862B9722 28E5F3C7F,

722F 6BF 2F77FF E24CEA7 89. %E +922 6BF

589C723E7FF 82F77F F862EAD598 &#54%#2 32232 2"5$2

6%3$2 , 298598935C 3 89 &.25 F DC4ECC8 3

8E5.

%E 4C22 3FB95CEA722 82F77F 26BE98 D7C7F

6CBC9B23, 3EFF 7C 4C8932 28E5F3C7F (BF8.4.24):

• CIR (Committed Information Rate) – A5F76A56996

4953645996 A535A18, 8 4292B2 89A 59 6BC3C9A C77

62EAD23C9E;

123456 4. 768926ABC5 D5EF

276

• B (Committed Burst Size) – A5F76A5699 5(2 BD78A644, 92

89A C48FCEA72 42EF8932 C923, 4292B2 89A 59 6BC3C9A 29

+922 62EAD23C9E DC F79B3CE 3B7F ";

• Be (Excess Burst Size) – C5B579412789 5(2 BD78A644, 92

89A C48FCEA72 42EF8932 C923, 4292B2 89A 59 69C9A8

6BC9A 83B 589C723E7722 D7C7F / DC F79B3CE 3B7F ).

,CBC79F 62 C625#E6 6BCF 4CB23 972E2F Frame Relay 7

C9, 289C3E +95 58E55 89 /)(.

*87237 6CBC9B2, 62 4292B25 C2779 F 89A DC4EC9

82EC$7F 6BF 589C723E7FF 3FB95CEA722 82F77F, 3E98

34F636776 E353 252698 677AD. %E 6289277 3FB95CEA7

4C7CE23 +92 82EC$7F 3E98 C89A 4279BC49C 7C 62EAD23C7F

58E5CF 89F. !BF 589C723E7FF 4259FB522 3FB95CEA722 4C7CEC

82EC$7F 2 4C893 28E5F3C7F DC4EC98 C392C9F84F 8

622A 6B29242EC Q.931/933 – 9B5 6CBC9B CIR, / F Be

6BC98 3 6C49 DC6B28C 7C 589C723E7F 82F77F.

)C4 4C4 842B289A 6BCF C77 272 FDBF9A 92EA42 7C 4C42-

92 F79B3CE 3B7F, 92 3 4C893 9C422 4279B2EA722 F79B3CEC, 7C

4292B2 6B23B98 58E23F 82EC$7F, 3FBC98 3B ), D7C7F

4292B22 26BE98 8E5F 2BCD2:

CIR

(BF8.4.25).

!2EAD23C9EA 3 822939893FF 8 82EC$7F 2E7 6BC3C9A 3

89A C77 82 8B7 842B289A, BC372 CIR (6BC

tCIRB *

BF8.4.25). 18EF  27 7CB5$C9 82EC$7F F 6BC#9 C77 82 8B7

842B289A R (6BC

tRB *

7C BF8.4.25), 92 89A 7 CBC79FB59

289C345 4CBC. !BF +92, 2 9 62B, 624C 2# 6BC77 C77 7

6B3$C9 / 4CB F9 86 FCEA7 6BFD7C4 DE (Discard Eligibility),

BC37 0 (4CB .

F .

). 18EF  2# 6BC77 C77 6B38FE /,

92 38 628E5F 4CB 62C98 6BFD7C42 DE, BC37 1 (4CB .

.CB, 2977 9C4F 6BFD7C42, 62EC9 5CE7F, 27C42 27F

5CE98 FD 89F 92EA42 3 92 8E5C, 8EF 4259C92B 559

-2#2(5# 2"5$2 6%3$2 (QoS)

CIR (Committed Information Rate) –

82EC823C77C 842B289A 6BCF C77

B (Committed Burst Size) – 82EC823C77C

3EFF7C 65EA8C FF

Be (Excess Burst Size) – 262E7F9EA7C

3EFF7C 65EA8C FF

4.24

123456 4. 768926ABC5 D5EF

277

6BB57. 18EF  6BB5D24 79, 92 4CB 8 6BFD7C42 DE=1

289C3E98 CB8C95.

)C42 6237F 89F 82293989359 8E5C, 42C 2 2#

C77, 6BC77 62EAD23C9E 3 89A DC 6BF2 ), 7 6B3$C9

(/+/2). 18EF  +929 62B2 6B3$7, 92 4CB 7 62C98 6BFD7C42

DE, C 7E772 5CE98 FD 89F (4CB .

%E 4279B2E 82EC$7F 2 6CBC9BC 4C893C 28E5F3C7F 38

4259C92B 89F Frame Relay 362E79 9C4 7CD3C CE2BF9

«B322 3BC» (Leaky Bucket). /E2BF9 F862EAD59 9298E

628956F3$F 29 62EAD23C9E C9. .C " 8457 D7C7F 89F4C

57A$C98 7C 3EFF75 / FEF  8BC83C98 3 0, 8EF D7C7F

89F4C 7A$,  /. 8 4CB, C77 4292B 7 53EFFEF

D7C7F 89F4C 83$ 62B2C /, 6B26584C98 3 89A 82 D7C7F

6BFD7C4C DE=0. .CB, 4292B 53EFFEF D7C7F 89F4C 83$ /,

72 7A$ (/+/2), 9C4 6BC98 3 89A, 72 8 6BFD7C42 DE=1. 2

7C427 , 4CB, 4292B 53EFFEF D7C7F 89F4C 83$ (/+/2),

29BC83C98 4259C92B2.

!2EAD23C9EA 29 34EF9A 3 82EC$7F 7 38 6CBC9B

4C893C 28E5F3C7F, C 92EA42 74292B. 4C6BFB, F862EAD23C7F

6CBC9B23 CIR F / 286F3C9 2E 4C893772 28E5F3C7F, 9C4

4C4 4CB 7F42C 7 29BC83C98 4259C92B2 8BCD5. .259C92B

92EA42 62C9 6BFD7C42 DE=1 4CB, 4292B 6B3$C9 62B2 / DC

3B ". 18EF 3 89F 7 32D7F4C9 6BB5D4F, 92 4CB 9C422 4C7CEC

38C 259 2 427722 5DEC, C 8EF 62EAD23C9EA 7CB5$C9

82EC$7F 8 89A.

(C7FD DC4CDC 8B7 6B2658472 862827289F F C48FCEA72

65EA8C FF 3E98 287237 C7FD2 56BC3E7F 62924CF 4CB23 3

Bc+Be

CIR

=CIR*t

B2=R*t

(DE=0)

(DE=1)

(29B2$7)

T=Bc/CIR

(DE=0)

4.25

123456 4. 768926ABC5 D5EF

278

89 Frame Relay. 12EC$7F 2E7 DC4EC9A8 9C4F 2BCD2, 92

85C 8B7F 842B289 3FB95CEA7 4C7CE23 7 6B3282FEC

32D27289 62B923 4259C92B23. !BF DC4CD 6289277 4C7CE23 DC +92

293C9 CF7F89BC92B, C 6BF 589C723E7FF 4259FB5 3FB95CEA7

4C7CE23 – 6B2BC72 2867F 4259C92B23. !BF 6BC3FEA72 3D9

7C 8 2DC9EA893C 89A 2B98 8 6BB5D4CF 659 5CE7F 4CB23

8 6BFD7C42 DE=1 F 4CB23, 6B38F3$F 62B2 (/+/2).

.B2 +922, 3 972E2FF Frame Relay 26BE7 # F

262E7F9EA7 (72DC9EA7) C7FD 56BC3E7F 4CBCF. '92

C7FD 26237F 4277 62EAD23C9E 2 6BB5D4C 3

4259C92BC 89F.

!BF 82DC7FF 4259FB522 3FB95CEA722 4C7CEC 6CBC9B

4C893C 28E5F3C7F 6BC98 3 89A 8 622A 6B29242EC Q.931.

'929 6B29242E 589C7C3EF3C9 3FB95CEA72 82F77F 8 622A

7842EA4F 8E57 6C4923.

4.3.3.3. B3E43!57F9 B9C9 Frame Relay

38E5F Frame Relay F &.25 272 6B289C3E98 27FF F 9F

 26BC92BCF, C 6B2FD32F9EF 36584C9 4259C92B, 4292B 259

BC29C9A 4C4 62 6B29242EC &.25, 9C4 F 62 6B29242EC Frame Relay.

)72E2F Frame Relay 3 9BBF92BFCEA7 89 8 4259C F

6C4923 272 BC88C9BF3C9A 4C4 C7CE2 972E2FF Ethernet 3 E24CEA7

89. * 972E2FF:

• 6B289C3E9 89B CD23 9BC7862B97 58E5F, 289C3E

4CB D CBC79F 3 5DE 7CD7C7F 9CBC7 862822;

• 8EF 4CB 9B98, 92 7 6B6BF7FC98 7F4C4F 58FEF

E F 32889C723E7F.

*98C 332 – 3F2C76 53E76 3373 58 5632 9252C

28 Frame Relay C688 3 E6926 E676F3 8 233

3673F278 6E23 7C 5B237 894C 6B29242E23, BC862E27722

7C 6B29242E2 Frame Relay. 18EF 4C7CE 4C89377, 92 4CB 559

9B9A8 F F84CC9A8 B42, 9C4 92 842B289A 32889C723E7F 6C4923

6B29242ECF 9BC7862B9722 5B237 59 362E7 6BFEC. 18EF 

4CB F84CC98 F 9B98 C892, 92 62ED7C 6B265847C 862827289A

3 89F Frame Relay 29 56C89A 3 894F BCD, 4C4 +92 6B2F82F9 3 89

Ethernet 6BF 6E22 828927FF 4CEA72 8F89. !2+925 89F Frame

Relay 8E59 6BF79A 6BF 7CEFFF 7C CF89BCEA7 4C7CEC

32E242772-269F84F 4CE 382422 4C893C. .C7CE 28956C 259

9A F 7C 3F92 6CB, 6BF 58E23FF 2867F 6BFE22 5B237

F84C7F C77.

082 465678B 76 C625#E 6BCF 4CB23 3 89 Frame

Relay F 8BC37F9EA72 72EA$C 842B289A 6BCF C77 3 2 (F9/8

2BC7FF3C9 F 6BF77F E 6BCF 2E28C F 6BC49F84F EC9

732D27 6BC5 3F2.

123456 4. 768926ABC5 D5EF

279

%E 6BCF 2E28C 3 89 Frame Relay F862EAD598

6BF2BF9DC F 9BC"F4C, DC4ECC8 3 6BF8327FF 4CBC,

6B728F DCB 2E28C, 5835823. (CF89BCEA7 4259C92B

Frame Relay 9C4F 4CB 28E5F3C9 3 6B35 2BA.

4.3.4. "679E9DC# $"

B' (Asynchronous Transfer Mode) - 972E2F 687D5377343

52#86 252698, F862EAD5C CE7A4F 6C49 "F48FB23C7722

BCDBC, 7CD3C 92BE68 (cells), 6B7CD7C77C E 6BCF 3

89F 56CF897AD 83 56 8E6 – 2E28, 3F2 F C77, 286F3C 6BF

+92 289C9275 6B2658475 862827289A E 4C22 FD 7F F

CBC79FB5 8323B775 289C345 3286BFFF3 4 DCB4C C77.

)72E2F ATM 29 F862EAD23C9A8 4C4 E 6289B27F

38242842B2897 E24CEA7 89, 9C4 F CF89BCE, 2F7F

9BCF F277 E24CEA7 89F.

/)( BCDBCC93CEC8A 4C4 CEA9B7C9F3C 87D53773B 252692 STM

(Synchronous Transfer Mode), 3 28723 4292B2 EF9 972E2F TDM.

,EC37 7289C924 972E2FF TDM DC4EC98 3 732D27289F

6BBC86BE9A 6B2658475 862827289A 2F77722 4C7CEC 5

624C7CECF (3B77F 8E29CF), 4292B 6B289C3E98

62EAD23C9E E 6BCF C77. 18EF 3B772 8E29 7 F862EAD598

62EAD23C9E F 624C7CE 83227, 2 B85B8 7 259 9A 6BC7

B525 62EAD23C9E, 92 6BF32F9 4 629B 6B2658472 862827289F

4C7CEC F, 4C4 8E893F, 4 87F7F BCEA72 842B289F 6BCF C77.

 972E2FF /)( 4F 7 6BF3DC7 4 3B77A 8E29C, C F

F79F"F4C F 7C 6BF#72 892B27 285893E98 7 62 72B5 8E29C, C

62 F79F"F4C92B5 3FB95CEA722 82F77F.

)BC"F4 823B77 426A9B7 89 272 BCDF9A 7C 3C

2EA$F 4EC88C:

• 6292423 (stream), 6B89C3EF 822 BC372B7 62924

C77 (BF8.4.26,C) 8 62892772 F9232 842B289A (CBR – Constant Bit

Rate);

• 65EA8FB5F (burst), 6B89C3EF 822 7BC372B7

76B84CD5 62924 C77 (BF8.4.26,) 8 6B772 F9232

842B289A (VBR – Variable Bit Rate).

!292423 9BC"F4 (CBR)

!5EA8FB5F 9BC"F4 (VBR)

4.26

123456 4. 768926ABC5 D5EF

280

!292423 9BC"F4 CBC49B7 E C5F2 F 3F2 C77, E

4292B 2872372 CBC49BF89F42 4C893C 28E5F3C7F 3E98

DCB4C 6BCF C77. !5EA8FB5F 9BC"F4 "2BFB598

6BFE27FF, 83DC77F, 7C6BFB, 8 6BC "CE23 F 6BF BC29

62EAD23C9E 3 BF «DC6B28-2939». !5EA8FB5F 9BC"F4 272

753893F9E7 4 DCB4C, 72 53893F9E7 4 629B F F84C7F

6BC3C 6C4923.

)72E2F /)( BCDBCC93CEC8A 4C4 972E2F, 862827C

28E5F3C9A 38 3F 9BC"F4C 3 822939893FF 8 F 9B23C7FF DC 8#9

F862EAD23C7F:

• 97F4F 3FB95CEA7 4C7CE23;

• 6B3CBF9EA722 DC4CDC 6CBC9B23 4C893C 28E5F3C7F;

• 6BF2BF9DC FF 9BC"F4C.

19C7CB9 26BE9 /)( 4C4 8725 2B 8 533E3F, 4292B

BCDBC29C7 F E3688 9BC"F4C BD 25 A3E3E3537$

8B5 8 62892772 FEF 6B772 F9232 842B289A.

4.3.4.1. '(F9 2F7F8 C9 73E3FF *D

!22, BCEFD23C77 3 972E2FF /)(, 82892F9 3 6BC

E22 3FC 9BC"F4C – 426A9B722 FEF 5EA9FF722 – 6C49CF

"F48FB23C772 EF7 3 53 C9C, 7CD3CF 4CF (cell). !2E

C77 4F DC7FC9 48 C9, C DC2E2324 – 5 C9.

6CDB 4 3FBCE8 F82 FD 35 6B29F32BF3 58E23F:

• 8 272 892B27, BCDB 4F 2E7 9A 289C9272 CE,

92 824BC9F9A 3B DCB4F 3 5DEC 89F;

• 8 B52 892B27, BCDB 4F 2E7 9A 289C9272 3EF4,

92 F7FFDFB23C9A 629BF 6B2658472 862827289F, 258E23E77

7C4EC7F BC82CF 7C 6BC5 DC2E234C 4F.

!BF5893C 4 6B 4CBCF E24CEA7 89 62B272

BC8829B7 3 6.1.5.1.4.

%E 57A$7F 2EF 8E572 F7"2BC FF 3 4 3 972E2FF

/)( 6BF77 89C7CB97 E 9BBF92BFCEA72-BC86BE77

3F8EF9EA7 89 6BF – 6BCC 4 3 822939893FF 8 2D78E3B

856F7AD E676F3 8 EF72 72BC 3FB95CEA722 82F77F 3 24 F9,

92 362E7 289C9272 E 28E5F3C7F 2EA$22 42EF893C

3FB95CEA7 82F77F 4C 62B92 4259C92BC 89F /)(.

19A /)( F9 4EC88F845 89B5495B5 9BBF92BFCEA72 89F

(BF8.4.27,C) – 4277 89C7 FF A, B, ..., G 82F798 F7F3F5CEA7F

4C7CECF 8 4259C92BCF, 4292B 3 832 2BA 259 82F79A8 8

B5FF 4259C92BCF. 122939893772 3 89C7CB9 26BE7 2 9F6C

F79B"8C (BF8.4.27,):

• 62EAD23C9EA – 89A (User-Network Interface, UNI);

• 89A – 89A (Network-Network Interface, NNI).

16 F"F4C F UNI 26BE9:

• 89B5495B5 6C49C,