Alford Kenneth D. Allied Looting in World War II: Thefts of Art, Manuscripts, Stamps and Jewelry in Europe
Подождите немного. Документ загружается.
11. Paul E. Krieger, “Synopsis—Office of
the Provost Marshal,” Southern Command,
January 13, 1956, RG 59, box 8.
12. Burton Hugh Young, February 3,
1956, RG 59, box 8.
13. Statement of Robert S. Anderson, July
5, 1956, Investigator Scott, RG 59, box 8.
14. Post Bulletin Archives, March 5, 2001.
260 Notes. Chapters 4–6
Part II
A P
ASSION FOR LUCAS CRANACH PAINTINGS
The primary sources for Part II are the National Archives, College Park, MD, including
parts of the 14 rolls of microfiche publication M192, reproduced records relating to mon-
uments, museums, libraries, archives, and fine arts of the Cultural Affairs Branch, Edu-
cation and Cultural Relations (ECR) Division, Office of Military Government, U.S.
Zone (Germany) [OMGUS] during the period 1946–1949. These records are part of the
Records of U.S. Occupation Headquarters, World War II, Record Group (RG). Donovan
Senter is on roll 14; U.S. Department of State Records maintained by the MFAA advisor,
1944–1961, Ardelia Hall Collection, Record Group 59. Box 2; “Cranach painting returned
to Germany.” Dale F. Shughart, Recollections of a former U.S. Counter-Intelligence
Agent During World War II, 12-page unpublished paper, no date; Al Senter, Donovan
Senter’s brother, interview, December 1994; Margaret Ann “Gretchen” Obenauf, Dono-
van Senter’s niece, interview, May 25, 2009.
Chapter 4
1. Article, general history, no author, no
date, Torrance County, New Mexico, and
affi davit document number 1443, Archives,
Santa Fe, NM.
2. Interview with Albert J. Senter, Albu-
querque; the Fray Angelico Chavez History
Library, Santa Fe, NM, and DD Form 398,
author’s library.
3. Salinas Pueblo Missions, Quarai Trail
Guide, National Monuments, National Park
Service.
4. Donovan Senter, El Palacio, November
21–December 5, 1934.
5. Interview, Albert J. Senter.
6. www.mnsu.edu/museum
7. Florence Hawley Ellis, Pasatiempo
(Santa Fe), January 6, 1980.
8.
Donovan Senter, letter to Dr. Fred
Eggan,
no date, approximately December
1941.
9. Donovan Senter’s military form no. 66-
1, author’s library.
Chapter 5
1. Donovan Senter’s military form no. 66-
1, author’s library.
2. Joseph P. Lash. A World of Love. New
York: Doubleday, 1984.
3. James L. Gilbert. In the Shadow of the
Sphinx. Fort Belvior, VA: U.S. Government
Printing Office, and CIC Documents, Na-
tional Archives.
4. Chief Inspector of Judiciary Police,
French Republic, report, St. Avold, France,
April 10, 1947.
5. William W. Quinn. Buffalo Bill Remem-
bers. Fowlerville, MI: Wilderness Adventure
Books, 1991; Allen Dulles. The Secret Surren-
der. New York: Lyons Press, 2006.
6. Emanuel E. Minskoff, “Preliminary
Report on External Assets of Ernst Kalten -
brunner, 1945.”
7. Dale F. Shughart, “Recollections of a
Former U.S. Counter-Intelligence Agent Dur -
ing World War II,” unpublished manuscript,
Courtesy Dale F. Shughart Jr., Car lisle, PA.
Chapter 6
1. Walter W. Horn, “Illegal Transfer of
Works of Art from the Collection of Willy
Sachs (supplementary report),” April 2, 1946.
2. Walter W. Horn, “Illegal Sale of Art
Works,” November 13, 1945.
3. www.historynet.com/world-war-ii-
eighth-air-force-raid-on-schweinfurt.htm
4. Walter W. Horn to Captain Edwin Ray,
“Illegal Transfer of Art,” April 2, 1946.
5. George Mandler. Interesting Times.
Lon don: Lawrence Erlbaum, 2002.
6. Edwin H Larson and Lieutenant Rolf
Watenberg, sworn testimony, no date, sum-
mer 1945.
7. Ursula Sachs, copy of translation state-
ment, September 19, 1945.
8. Walter W. Horn, “Illegal Transfer of
Art Work from the Collection of Mr. Will
Sachs,” December 13, 1945.
9. Mandler, op. cit.
10. Emil Henriot, Report, Divisional
Com missioner, French Republic, April 15,
1947.
11. William W. Quinn. “Correspondence
and Court-Martial of Major Paul Kubala.”
U.S. Army Military History Institute, Carlisle
Barracks, PA.
12. Henriot, op. cit.
13. Walter Horn, “Illegal Transfer of Art
Work from Collection of Will Sachs,” De-
cember 13, 1945.
14. Walter Horn, “Illegal Transfer of Art
Work from the Collection of Mr. Will Sachs,”
April 2, 1946.
15. Ibid.
16. Ibid.
17. Walter W. Horn to Captain Edwin
Ray, “Illegal Transfer of Art,” April 2, 1946.
18. Walter Horn, “Illegal Transfer of Art
Work from the Collection of Mr. Will Sachs,”
April 2, 1946.
19. Sergeant Hausemer, hearing, Gendar -
mery of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg,
March 4, 1948.
20. Elmer Teply, letter, “My Dear
Friends,” Heidelberg, August 4, 1945.
21. Walter W. Horn, “Illegal Sale of Art,”
November 19, 1945.
22. William E. Frye, letter, “Report on the
Sachs Case,” October 29, 1945.
23. Ibid.
24. Paul R. Allerup, no title, United States
Government (injured party) Criminal Inves-
tigation Division, September 18–October 6,
1945.
25. Lieutenant Walter W. Horn, “Synopsis
of Fact,” December 13, 1945.
26. Ibid.
Chapter 7
1. Walter Horn, “Illegal Transfer of Art
Work from the Collection of Mr. Will Sachs,”
December 13, 1945.
2. William G. O’Brien, “Report of Re-
covery of Three Cranach Paintings Owned
by Willy Sachs,” December 11, 1945.
3. William G. O’Brien, “Search for Cra -
nach,” unpublished manuscript, courtesy of
Mrs. Elayne O’Brien, Manlius, New York.
4. Ibid.
5. Record of Trial, Donovan Senter,
General Court Martial, May 20, 1946.
6. Ibid.
7. Lieutenant Senter’s statement of May
20, 1946.
8. Lieutenant Colonel Samuel M.
Hogan, “Review of Staff Judge Advocate,”
May 20, 1946.
9. Peter Blos, letter to Mr. Huntington
Cairns, September 19, 1946.
Chapter 8
1. Chief Inspector, French Republic,
state ment of Mr. Jean Victor, 60 years old,
April 10, 1947.
2. Emelie Menger, letter, “Dear Mr. Sen-
ter,” January 15, 1946.
3. The Chief of the Secretariat in Berlin
to Director General Justice, subject Lieuten-
ant Donovan C. Senter, June 14, 1948.
4. NA Form 13164, Donovan C. Senter,
information releasable under the Freedom of
Information Act, National Personnel Records
Center, St. Louis, Missouri.
5. Ibid.
6. Albert Senter, interview.
Notes. Chapters 7–8 261
Part III
P
LUNDERING PRICELESS MANUSCRIPTS
The primary sources for Part III are the U.S. Department of State Records maintained
by the MFAA advisor, 1944–1961, Ardelia Hall Collection, Record Group 59. Box 2:
Kassel Ivory Diptych—Los Angeles—returned to Germany. Box 3: Rubens painting—
Los Angeles, and other paintings from the same source. Box 6: Manuscript of Hilde-
brandslied from Kassel (three folders). Box 9: Paintings from Bad Wildungen
Repository—Koebroek; Paintings by Neeffs of interior of Antwerp Cathedral. Box 19:
Bad Wildungen.
262 Notes. Chapters 9–13
Chapter 9
1. Omar N. Bradley. A Soldier’s Story.
New York: Holt, 1951.
2. Thomas Seibel, e-mail, July 25, 2009.
3. Walker Hancock. “A Monuments Of -
fi cer in Germany,” College Art Journal, Janu-
ary 1946.
4. Dr. Stuttmann, letter, May 20, 1946.
5. James J. Rorimer. Survival. New York:
Abelard Press, 1950.
6. Joan A. Holladay. Illuminating the
Epic. Seattle: University of Washington Press,
1996.
7. Opritsa D. Popa. Bibliophiles and Bib -
lio thieves. New York: Walter de Gruyter,
2003.
Chapter 10
1. Electronic army serial number merged
file, www.archives.gov, & Application for So-
cial Security Account Number, Baltimore
MD.
2. T/Sgt. Chartrand. History of the 6th
Signal Center Liaison Team. Printed by the In-
ternational Telephone and Telegraph Corpo-
ration, no date; U.S. Army Military History
Institute, Carlisle, PA.
3. Ibid.
4. C. A. Harrison. Cross Channel Attack.
Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing
Office, 1951.
5. National Archives, “Guide to Foreign
Military Studies 1945–54” B-656 (Pemsel):
MS B-637 (Blumentritt); MS B636 (Ziegel-
mann). B-782 (Oberst Anton Staubwasser G-
2 Army Group B). Cf. MS B-901, in which
Zimmermann (G-3 of OB WEST) says that
the large number of Allied units estimated to
be still in England after the Normandy assault
made it impossible for the Germans to rule
out the probability of a second landing.
6. Harrison, op. cit.
7. David Brinkley. Washington Goes to
War. New York: Knopf, 1988.
8. Final pay voucher of Bud Berman,
National Personnel Records Center, St. Louis,
MO.
9. Chartrand, op. cit.
10. New York passenger list, U.S.S. Mon-
ticello (AP61), www.ancestry.com
Chapter 11
1. Ardelia R. Hall, memorandum of con-
versation; January 27 and July 12, 1961.
2. Bud Berman, letter, “Dear Mr. Rosen-
bach,” no date; Rosenbach Museum & Li-
brary, Philadelphia, PA.
3. The Rosenbach Company, signed by
John Fleming, also signed by Meyer Kahn for
Bud Berman, two dates: July 6, 1945, and
October 8, 1945.
4. Meyer Kahn, information releasable
under the Freedom of Information Act, Na-
tional Archives and Records Administration.
5. Berman, op cit.
6. Ardelia R. Hall, op cit.
7. U.S. Treasury Department, registered
letter, commissioner of customs; June 13,
1952.
8. Lawrence S. Morris, letter to customs,
August 22, 1950.
9. Edwin Wolf II. Rosenbach. New York:
World Publishing, 1960.
10. Unsigned memo, commissioner of
customs, June 13, 1952.
Chapter 12
1. Carrie Estelle Doheny Foundation and
Robert O. Schad, “The Estelle Doheny Col-
lection,” The New Colophon 3 no. 9, 1950.
2. Ardelia Hall, memorandum of conver-
sation, January 16, 1952.
3. Archbishop of Los Angeles, letter, “My
Dear Miss Hall,” April 7, 1953.
4. Ardelia Hall, letter, “My Dear Cardi-
nal McIntyre” May 5, 1953.
5. Carl P. White, “Subject Return of
Looted Objects,” August 14, 1953.
6. Ardelia R. Hall, memorandum of con-
versation, January 27 and July 12, 1961.
7. Ardelia R. Hall, letter to Mr. Schwenk,
October 26, 1953.
8. John S. Baky, Director of Libraries,
Connelly Library, La Salle University, e-mail,
08/17/2009.
Chapter 13
1. Records of Museums and Fine Art,
RG260, National Archives.
2. Edith Standen, diary, The National
Gallery of Art, Washington, DC.
3. Sworn testimony of Dr. Albert Rapp,
Charles McLean, inspector general, August
27, 1945.
4. Herbert Steward Leonard, letter, Au-
gust 13, 1946.
5. Bernard Taper, investigation of miss-
ing paintings, July 27, 1946.
6. Diebstahl von Gemälden, printed by
the U.S. Army, no date but printed in August
1946.
7. Hans Joachim Zienke, letter to the au-
thor, November 20, 1990.
8. LeRoy B. Powers, received from How -
ard F. Travis, November 21, 1946.
9. Theodore Heinrich, letter, “Dear Dr.
Helsinger,” June 27, 1950.
10. James B. Byrnes, letter to Thomas
Carr Howe, March 1, 1951.
11. Shirley Stephens to Miss Ardelia Hall,
“This receipt is acknowledgment of your let-
ter of April 15, in regard to the seizure of two
paintings from Laventine Lavin, 4806 Cleve-
land Avenue, Canton, OH,” April 22, 1952.
12. Bill of lading for two paintings, Janu-
ary, 16, 1952.
Notes. Chapters 14–16 263
Part IV
T
HE SCHWARZBURG CASTLE
In the early 1990s the primary sources for Part 4 were the U.S. Department of State
records maintained by the MFAA advisor, 1944–1961, Ardelia Hall Collection, Record
Group 59. The documents have since been removed. The author has a copy of these
documents.
Chapter 14
1. Shelby l. Stanton. World War II Order
of Battle. New York: Galahad Books, 1984.
2. After Action Report, 102nd Infantry
Division, June 9, 1945.
3. After Action Report, 102nd Infantry
Di vision, June 9, 1945.
4. 102nd Infantry Journal, May 14, 1945.
5. Ralph W. Anderson, Field Director,
ARC, 406 Infantry, June 30, 1945.
6. Sworn statement of Clinton R. Wal-
ters, Waco, TX, August 18, 1954.
7. Sworn statement of Cecil Wooten,
Metuchen, NJ, September 9, 1954.
8. Sworn statement of Clinton R. Wal-
ters, Waco, TX, August 18, 1954.
9. Affidavit, Paul N. Estes, state of Flor -
ida, December 1979.
10. Ibid.
11. “Staatliche Kunstsammlunger, über
Dieb stahl von Kunstwerke...,” January 28,
1961.
12. Walter Scheidig, “Direktion der Staat -
liche Kunstsammlungen in Weimar,” July 25,
1945.
13. Walter Scheidig, registered airmail to
Ardelia Hall, October 21, 1953.
14. Affidavit, Paul N. Estes, state of Flor -
ida, December 1979.
15. I.A. Gatlin, affidavit, November 24,
1954.
Chapter 15
1. New York Times, May 30, 1966.
2. Ardelia Hall to Walter Scheidig, July
1966.
3. cases.justia.com Kunstsammlungen zu
Weimar, Plaintiff-appellant, v. Edward Elico -
fon. On January 27, 1969, the Federal Repub -
lic of Germany brought suit in the district
court for the Eastern District of New York
against Edward Elicofon, U.S. Court of Ap-
peals.
4. Ibid.
5. Ibid.
6. Ibid.
7. F. E. Sheehan, “Report on Discovery
and Transportation from Eschwegge to
Frank furt/Main of Property Belonging to
House of Saxe-Weimar,” October 10, 1946,
Parkley Lesley papers, National Art Gallery.
8. Affidavit, Paul N. Estes, state of Flor -
ida, December 1979.
Chapter 16
1. Affidavit, Churchill J. Brazelton, state
of New York [illegible], 1979.
2. Princeton Alumni Weekly, November,
17, 1944; June 8, 1945; May 2, 1947; Novem-
ber 19, 1948; and Fifteenth Year Book.
3. Churchill Brazelton, letter, “Dearest
Mother,” March 3, 1945. The Harry Ransom
Center, University of Texas at Austin.
4. Churchill Brazelton, letter, “Dearest
Mother,” March 2, 1945. The Harry Ransom
Center, University of Texas at Austin.
5. Churchill Brazelton, letter, “Dearest
Mother,” March 3, 1945. The Harry Ransom
Center, University of Texas at Austin.
6. Churchill Brazelton, letter, “Dearest
Mother,” March 16, 1945. The Harry Ransom
Center, University of Texas at Austin.
7. Ibid., April 13, 1945.
8. Ibid., May 3, 1945.
9. Churchill Brazelton, letter, “Dearest
Mother,” May 6, 1945. The Harry Ransom
Center, University of Texas at Austin.
10. Omar Bradley. A Soldier’s Story. New
York: Holt, 1951.
11. Churchill Brazelton, letter, “Dearest
Mother,” July 20, 1945. The Harry Ransom
Center, University of Texas at Austin.
12. Churchill Brazelton, letter, “Dearest
Mother,” June 27, 1945. The Harry Ransom
Center, University of Texas at Austin.
13. Churchill Brazelton’s letters were do-
nated to the Harry Ransom Center, Univer-
sity of Texas at Austin, by Mrs. T. Berry
Brazelton, 2005 Austin Avenue, Waco, Texas,
on April 3, 1974. There are approximately
200 letters or about 1,000 pages. Letter from/
to mother and Churchill are consecutively
numbered. Both refer to letters, such as #74,
and state a subject related to the number. All
letters except one are from Churchill (Chuck)
to mother. That one letter is to mother from
son T. Berry Brazelton, November 23, 1945,
at U.S. Naval Receiving Barracks, Naval
Training Center, Long Island, NY.
Chapter 17
1. New York Times, November 10, 1999;
Thuringer Allgemeine, December 5, 2000;
Star-Ledger, December 6, 2000.
264 Notes. Chapters 17–20
Part V
VIGNETTES OF LOOTING
Chapter 18
1. John J. Butler letter to Kenneth D. Al-
ford, National Archives, June 28, 1990, and
historical data.
2. Dr. Bernard V. Limburger, command-
ing officer, June 2, 1945.
3. Ibid.
4. Ibid.
5. James J. Rorimer, memorandum, Au-
gust 21, 1945.
6. Bernard V. Limburger, letter to mili-
tary government, July 2, 1945.
7. Company history: 603, Quartermaster
Graves Registration Company, page 53.
8. Captain Francis E. Ewing, Headquar-
ters, 4460th QM Service Company, certifi-
cate, December 4, 1945.
9. Lt. Col. Harvey M. Coverley, “Looted
Art Treasures at Reutte,” July 17, 1945.
10. James J. Rorimer. Survival: The Sal-
vage and Protection of Art in War. New York:
Abelard Press, 1950.
Chapter 19
1. Lt. Walter Horn, “Paintings Missing
from Art Repository of Staedtische Galerie
and Lenbach Galerie at Castle Hohenaschau,”
September 4, 1946.
2. Ibid.
3. Lieutenant Jonathan T. Morey, “Paint-
ings Missing from Schloss Hohenaschau,”
October 17, 1945.
4. Walter Horn, report, September 4,
1946.
5. Lieutenant Walter Horn, “Paintings
Miss ing from Art Repository of Staedtische
Galerie and Lenbach Galerie at Castle Ho-
henaschau,” September 4, 1946.
Chapter 20
The primary sources for this chapter are the
U.S. Department of State Records maintained
by the MFAA advisor, 1944–1961, Ardelia
Hall Collection, Record Group 59, Box 3.
“Egyptian Gold Ring from Meroe (M&A
Boston) returned to Germany.”
1. Konstantin Akinsha and Grigorii Ka-
zlov. Beautiful Loot. New York: Random
House, 1995.
2. Rabbi Joseph S. Shubow, letter to James
F. Malons, U.S. Customs, November 12, 1951.
3. Ibid.
4. Dows Dunham, “Dear Ardelia,” no
date (about August 26, 1951).
5. Dows Dunhill, letter to Ardelia Hall,
about August 26, 1951).
6. Rabbi Joseph S. Shubow, letter to James
F. Malons, U.S. Customs, November 12, 1951.
7. Lee M. Freedman, letter to Mr. J. H.
Burke, November 19, 1951.
8. Lee M. Friedman, letters to several
politicians, November 20, 1951.
Chapter 21
The primary informational sources for this
chapter are the U.S. Department of State Re -
cords maintained by the MFAA advisor,
1944– 1961, Ardelia Hall Collection, Record
Group 59, Box 3. “MS of Political Testament
of Frederick the Great—Returned to Ger-
many.”
1. John Henry Murphy, commissioner of
customs, August 20, 1951.
2. Extract from The Montgomery Advisor,
May 27, 1951.
3. Ibid.
4. John Henry Murphy, Dr. Ernest Poze -
ner, August, 15, 1951.
5. John Henry Murphy, Dr. Ernest Poze -
ner, August, 15, 1951.
6. John Henry Murphy, letter to commis-
sioner of customs, August, 18, 1951.
Chapter 22
The primary informational sources for this
chapter are the U.S. Department of State
Records maintained by the MFAA advisor,
1944–1961, Ardelia Hall Collection, Record
Group 59, Boxes 14–15. Scalzo and Scalzo
Case location: 250/52/9/02.
1. Main Archives, Berlin-Dahlem, Sep-
tember 4, 1959.
2. Dr. Hans Bellee, letter, “Dear Dr. von
Tieschowitz,” November 5, 1952.
3. Hans Bellee, letter to Custodial Admin-
istration of Cultural Property, November 5,
1952.
4. Capt. John A. Bacher, from the Annual
Report of the 66th Field Hospital, and Col.
John Hodges, “Dear Miss Hall,” June 23,
1959.
5. Ardelia Hall, letter, Dear Mr. Shapiro,
March 17, 1960.
6. Buffalo Evening News, June 2, 1960.
7. Dr. Scheidig, letter to Miss Ardelia
Hall, April 11, 1961.
8. Niagara Gazette, Niagara Falls, NY,
September 22, 1976.
Chapter 23
The primary sources for this chapter are the
U.S. Department of State Records maintained
by the MFAA advisor, 1944–1961, Ardelia
Hall Collection, Record Group 59, Box 10.
“Saarbrucken ‘Golden Book’ and Werner
Theis, Landeshauptstadt Saarbrücken.”
1. Deutschen Saar, September, 6, 1960.
2. Deutschen Saar, September 4, 1956.
3. Louis J. Link, Foreign Service Dispatch,
September 18, 1956.
4. Des Moines Register, September 12, 1956.
5. Robert C. Creel, Officer in Charge of
German Political Affairs, letter to Mr. Walter
E. Clark, May 8, 1957.
6. Deutchen Saar, September 4, 1956.
Chapter 24
The primary sources for this chapter are the
U.S. Department of State Records maintained
by the MFAA advisor, 1944–1961, Ardelia
Hall Collection, Record Group 59. Box 2.
“1457 Mainz Psalter from Dresden Landes
Bibliothek.”
1. Wm. A. Jackson, memo, “The State
De partment and the 1457 Psalter,” no date,
NAS.
2. “Memorandum on the Recovery of the
1457 Mainz Psalter by the Department of
State,” top secret, no date.
Chapter 25
The sources for this chapter are the U.S. De-
partment of State Records Maintained by the
MFAA advisor, 1944–1961, Ardelia Hall Col-
lection, Record Group 59, Box 2: Two paint -
Notes. Chapters 21–25 265
ings in Arkansas returned to Poland location:
250/52/9/01. Box 9: Index set of photos and
documents for each Czartoryski Collection.
1. Nuremberg Military Tribunals, 1945/
1946, International Military Accession Num-
ber: AC-94x-05472.
2. Czartoryski Collection, references
Charles Estreicher, “Cultural Losses of
Poland.”
3. Hans Posse, report on the trip to Cra-
cow and Warsaw, December 14, 1939.
4. OSS, Consolidated Interrogation Re-
port No. 2, Theodore Rousseau Jr., Septem-
ber 25, 1945.
5. Vera Münch, written statement, Bad
Wiessee, August 8, 1947.
6. Interrogation of Ernst Wilhelm von
Palézieux, Bernard Taper, June 17, 1947.
7. Ardelia Hall, letter, “Dear Count Za -
moy ski,” December 15, 1960.
8. Nuremberg Military Tribunals, 1945/
1946.
9. Bernard Taper, interrogation of He-
lene Kraffcyck, former secretary to Hans
Frank, June 27, 1947.
10. Lieutenant Daniel J. Kearns, certifi-
cate of receipt, June 14, 1945.
11. Howe, Thomas Carr Jr. Salt Mines and
Castles. New York: Bobbs-Merrill, 1946.
12. San Francisco Chronicle, Jesse Hamlin,
May 4, 2007.
13. R. S. Wilson, letter to Mr. Lawrence
S. Morris, October 9, 1950.
14. R. S. Wilson: letter to attorney gen-
eral, September 15, 1950.
15. New York Times, September 14, 1952.
16. Department of State Memo, January
12, 1949.
Chapter 26
The main sources for this chapter are the U.S.
Department of State Records maintained by
the MFAA advisor, 1944–1961, Ardelia Hall
Collection, Record Group 59, Box 7. “The
Hertling fake German antique jewelry.”
1. Nuggett, Der Gral, “Geheimnisvoll—
der Goldkessel vom Chiemsee,” November,
2003.
2. Articles from Weltkunst, November 1,
1949; Nugget 53, November, 2003.
3. Gunter Hertling, letter, “Dear Ken,”
July 25, 2007.
4. Mrs. Clara E. Hertling, affidavit of
ownership, no date.
5. Ardelia R. Hall, ICS, March 7, 1953.
6. Stanley P. Spinola, commissioner of
customs, September 17, 1953.
7. Thomas M. Beggs, director, Smith-
sonian Institute, National Collection of Fine
Art, September 21, 1954.
266 Notes. Chapter 26–28
Part VI
LOOTING FROM HUNGARY IN WORLD WAR II
Chapter 27
1. Miklos Horthy. My Memoirs. New
York: R. Speller, 1957.
Chapter 28
1. Dr. Julius Torzsay Biber, letter to the
International Red Cross, May 30, 1945.
2. Dr. Julius Torzsay Biber, letter to Col-
onel Ball, May 29, 1945.
3. Dr. Julius Torzsay Biber, letter to the
International Red Cross, May 30, 1945.
4. SHAFE, telegram to G5 Gen. F. J.
McSherry, April 1945. OMGUS: Telegram—
Economics Division, Restitution Branch,
March 1945.
5. William I. DeHuszar, 80th Counter
Intelligence Corps, “Memorandum for the
Officer in Charge,” May 14, 1945.
6. Paul D. Harkins, “Tally, Transport and
Delivery of Treasure,” May 12, 1945.
7. Major Lionel C. Perera, receipt for
valuables, May 14, 1945.
8. Juilis Biber, letter to the International
Red Cross, may 30, 1945.
9. W. R. Loeffler, letter to Hungarian
National Bank, July 30, 1946.
10. Vilag, August 8, 1946, Magyar Nemzet,
August 8, 1946, Szabad Szo, evening edition,
August 8, 1946 and from a four-page docu-
ment titled “Background,” no date, no sig-
nature.
11. Bank of Hungary, letter, April 24,
1947.
12. Jack Bennett, “Restitution of Hungar-
ian Gold,” July 25, 1946.
13. Walter L. Kluss, “Plans for Movement
of Hungarian Silver and other Valuables,”
April 2, 1947.
14. Karl Kristof, Vilag, April 24, 1947.
Chapter 29
The primary sources for information about
the travails of the Hungarian Crown Treasure
were obtained in response to a Freedom of
Information request (9104455); this material
was received by the author on October 26,
1993, and November 28, 1994.
1. “Outline of Origin and History, De-
partment of State Study,” Secret/Limdis,
drafted by Andor C. Klay, 1971.
2. Tamas Bogyay, “Problems around
Saint Stephen and his Crown,” Munich, April
15, 1970.
3. “Outline of Origin and History,” De-
partment of State Study, Secret/Limdis,
drafted by Andor C. Klay, 1971.
4. Statute XXV, 1928.
5. “Outline,” op. cit.
6. Ibid.
7. Hungarian Weekly, Munich, July 7,
1950.
8. Paul Kabala, statement, August 2,
1945, and The Crown in World War II and
Since, Department of State Study, Secret/
Limdis, drafted by Andor C. Klay, 1971.
9. Captain B. S. Schelling, Reference
ship ment no. 59, August 3, 1945.
10. Martin Himler, Igy Neztek ki magyar
nemzet sirasoi, New York 1958.
11. Capt. George A. Selke, “Discovery of
Holy Hand of Hungarian Court Collection
at Mattsee,” June 19, 1945, and Lt. James J.
Shea, “Discovery of Parts of Hungarian
Crown,” July 3, 1946.
12. Capt. George A. Selke, received from
Lt. James W. Shea, June 18, 1945.
13. Captain George A. Selke, “Material
Entrusted to Custody of the Prince-Arch-
bishop of Salzburg,” June 18, 1945
14. Capt. George A. Selke, Report to Col-
onel Janzan, June 19, 1945.
15. Segreteria Di Stato, letter, December
22, 1945.
16. Ralph J. Diefenbach, the Rev. Stephen
Komenes, January 11, 1946.
Chapter 30
1. Robert Scholz, [illegible] to the Ein-
satzstab Rosenberg, May 19, 1945.
2. Lieutenant Walter W. Horn, “The
Gold Treasure of Kremsmünster,” May 11,
1946.
3. Rohracher, letter of April, 24, 1946.
4. Edgar Breitenback, receipt of one case
of gold coins, May 1, 1946.
5. Walter W. Horn, interrogation of
Charles Brousz, July 2, 1946.
Chapter 31
1. “Outline of Origin and History,” De-
partment of State Study, Secret/ Limdis,
drafted by Andor C. Klay, 1971.
2. Jozsef Mindszenty. Memoirs. New
York: Macmillan, 1974.
3. “Outline of Origin and History,” De-
partment of State Study, Secret/ Limdis,
drafted by Andor C. Klay, 1971.
4. Ibid.
5. Department of State Telegram T-182,
Berlin, July 29, 1948, SECRET.
6. Major Richard P. Weeber, “Hungarian
Coronation Regalia,” September 23, 1948.
7. General Geoffrey Keyes, Your Excel-
lency, September 20, 1948.
8. Herbert Stuart Leonard, Evelyn
Tucker, receipt of the objects listed, Septem-
ber 23, 1948.
9. “Outline of Origin and History,” De-
partment of State Study, Secret/ Limdis,
drafted by Andor C. Klay, 1971.
10. Quoted in The Trial of Jozsef Mind-
szenty, Budapest, 1949.
11. Department of State Telegram T-182,
Berlin, July 29, 1948, SECRET.
12. “Subject: Hungarian Crown of St.
Stev ens,” Department of State, May 21, 1970.
13. Cardinal Mindszenty: letter to Rich -
ard Nixon, October 26, 1972.
Chapter 32
1. FM AMEMBASSY BUDAPEST TO
SECSTATE WASHDC, September 24, 1975.
2. John A. Baker Jr., Department of
State, September 19, 1973.
3. Telegram, Budapest to Dept. of State,
October 6, 1977, Secret/NODIS
4. 42 signatures, the President, Novem-
ber 4, 1977.
5. Jeane Dixon, letter to President of
United States, November 8, 1977.
6. FM AMEMBASSY BUDAPEST TO
SECSTATE WASHDC, November 30, 1977.
Notes. Chapter 29–32 267
7. FM SECSTATE TO AMEMBASSY
BUDAPEST, December 26, 1977.
8. FM SECSTATE WASHOC TO
AMEMBASSY BUDAPEST, December 24,
1977.
Chapter 33
Primary source are the National Archives, RG
338, E. Hung Jewels, File S4. 8007/3 and
Case No. 01-1859-CIV-SETZ, First Amended
Complaint.
1. Signature illegible, Hungarian docu-
ment, April 13, 1946, and Szoke Bela, “Mr.
Mayor,” July 23, 1948.
2. Unsigned, “Hungarian Train Bearing
Civilians,” May 16, 1945.
3. John F. Back, “Report on the Werfen
Train,” September 17, 1945.
4. Dr. Steffan Mingovits, “Sworn Proto-
col,” July, 28, 1945.
5. Maj. F. D. Gallagher, “Property Con-
trol,” May 21, 1945.
Chapter 34
1. Capt. John S. Back, “Inventory of Wer-
fen Train,” September 1945.
Chapter 35
1. OSS Art Investigation Unit, “At present
Gen. Collins Lives in Schloss Prilau,” Sep-
tember 10, 1945.
2. Maj. R.W. Cutler, Lt. Col. Heller, Au-
gust 28, 1945.
3. “List of Property Released from Prop-
erty Control Warehouse Salzburg to War De-
partment Personnel and Agencies in Land
Salz burg.”
4. Ibid.
5. Interview with Howard A. Mackenzie,
age 80, December 10, 1983.
Chapter 36
1. From Commanding General U.S. Forces
Austria, to War Department, June 4, 1946.
2. AGWAR FROM JCS, November 16,
1946.
3. Abba P. Schwartz, General Jesmond D.
Balmer, May 23, 1947, and Walker M. Treece,
inventory of movable property, May 23, 1947.
4. Jonathan W. Cuneo, letter to Kenneth
D. Alford, January 31, 2006.
5. William H. Fischer, letter, “Dear Mr.
Alford,” January 10, 2005.
268 Notes. Chapters 33–36
Bibliography
The source material used to prepare this study was largely obtained from manu-
script documents, which are listed under the notes for each specific chapter. The
titles listed below were used primarily for general background information.
Akinsha, Konstantin, and Grigorii Kozlov. Beautiful Loot: The Soviet Plunder of Europe’s
Art Treas ures. New York: Random House, 1995.
Alford, Kenneth D. The Spoils of World War II. New York: Birch Lane Press, 1994.
_____. Great Treasure Stories of World War II. Mason City, IA: Savas, 2000.
_____. Nazi Millionaires. Haverty, PA: Casemate, 2002.
Bradley, Omar N. A Soldier’s Story. New York: Holt, 1951.
Bradley, Omar N., and Clay Blair. A General’s Life: An Autobiography by General of the
Army Omar N. Bradley. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1983.
Butcher, Harry C. My Three Years with Eisenhower: The Personal Diary of Captain Harry
C. Butcher, USNR, Naval Aide to General Eisenhower, 1942–1945. New York: Simon
& Schuster, 1946.
D’Este, Carlo. Patton: A Genius for War. New York: HarperCollins, 1995.
_____. Eisenhower: A Soldier’s Life. New York: Holt, 2002.
Duberman, Martin. The Worlds of Lincoln Kirstein. New York: Knopf, 2007.
Dulles, Allen. The Secret Surrender. New York: Lyons Press, 2006.
Edsel, Robert M. Rescuing Da Vinci: Hitler and the Nazis Stole Europe’s Great Art, America
and Her Allies Recovered It. Dallas: Laurel, 2006.
Eisenhower, Dwight D. Crusade in Europe. New York: Doubleday, 1948.
Flanner, Janet. Men and Monuments. New York: Harper & Brothers, 1957.
Harrison, C. A. Cross Channel Attack. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office,
1951.
Hitler, Adolf. Mein Kampf. Translated by Ralph Manheim. New York: Houghton Mifflin,
1943.
Holladay, Joan A. Illuminating the Epic. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1996.
Horthy, Miklos. My Memoirs. New York: R. Speller, 1957.
Howe, Thomas Carr, Jr. Salt Mines and Castles. New York: Bobbs-Merrill, 1946.
Kurtz, Michael J. America and the Return of Nazi Contraband: The Recovery of Europe’s
Cultural Treasures. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2006.
Lash, Joseph P.
A World of Love. N
ew Y
ork: Doubleday, 1984.
Mandler, George. Interesting Times. London: Lawrence Erlbaum, 2002.
McDonald, Charles B. The Last Offensive. Washington DC: U.S. Army, 1984.
Mindszenty, Jozsef. Memoirs. New York: Macmillan, 1974.
269