Занг В.Б. Синергетическая экономика. Время и перемены в нелинейной экономической теории

Подождите немного. Документ загружается.

Springer Sprier in Synergetics Editor: Hermann Halcen

Wei-Bin Zhang

Synergetic Economics

Time and Change in Nonlinear Economics

With 92 Figures

Springer-Verlag

Berlin • Heidelberg • New York • London

Paris • Tokyo • Hong Kong • Barcelona

ȼ.-Ȼ. Ɂɚɧɝ

ɋɢɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ

ɗɄɈɇɈɆɂɄȺ

ȼɪɟɦɹ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɵ

ɜ ɧɟɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɣ

ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɬɟɨɪɢɢ

ɉɟɪɟɜɨɞ ɫ ɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɨɝɨ

ɇ. ȼ. Ɉɫɬɪɨɜɫɤɨɣ

ɩɨɞ ɪɟɞɚɤɰɢɟɣ

ȼ. ȼ. Ʌɟɛɟɞɟɜɚ ɢ ȼ. ɇ. Ɋɚɡɠɟɜɚɣɤɢɧɚ

ɆɈɋɄȼȺ «ɆɂɊ» 1999

ɍȾɄ 519.86

ȻȻɄ 16.22.9

Ɂ27

ȼ.-Ȼ. Ɂɚɧɝ

Ɂ27 ɋɢɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɚ. ȼɪɟɦɹ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɵ ɜ ɧɟɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɣ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ

ɬɟɨɪɢɢ: ɉɟɪ. ɫ ɚɧɝɥ. — Ɇ.: Ɇɢɪ 1999. —335 ɫ., ɢɥ.

ISBN 5-03-003304-1

Ʉɧɢɝɚ ɤɢɬɚɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɫɬɚ ɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɚ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɟɝɨ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɜ ɒɜɟɞɫɤɨɦ

ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɟ ɉɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɢ ɛɵɥɚ ɢɡɞɚɧɚ ɜ 1991 ɝ. ɜ

ɡɧɚɦɟɧɢɬɨɣ ɒɩɪɢɧɝɟɪɨɜɫɤɨɣ ɫɟɪɢɢ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɩɨ ɫɢɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɤɟ, ɪɟ-

ɞɚɤɬɢɪɭɟɦɨɣ

Ƚɟɪɦɚɧɧɨɦ ɏɚɤɟɧɨɦ. ȼ ɤɧɢɝɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɣ

ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬ ɧɟɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɞɥɹ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɦɚɤɪɨɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ

ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɢ.

Ȼɭɞɟɬ ɩɨɥɟɡɧɚ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɚɦ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɦɚɤɪɨɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢ, ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɤɚɦ-

ɩɪɢɤɥɚɞɧɢɤɚɦ, ɚɫɩɢɪɚɧɬɚɦ ɢ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɚɦ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɜɭɡɨɜ.

ȻȻɄ 16.22.9

ɂɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɨ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɟ

Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɮɨɧɞɚ ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɩɨ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɭ

ʋ97-06-87089

Ɋɟɞɚɤɰɢɹ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɩɨ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɧɚɭɤɚɦ

Originally published in English

under the title:

«Synergetic Economics» by

Wei-Bin Zhang.

1999

ISBN 5-03003304-1 (ɪɭɫɫɤ.)

ISBN 0-387-52904 (ɚɧɝɥ.)

ɋɈȾȿɊɀȺɇɂȿ

1 ȼɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ................................................................................................................................... 16

2 ȼɪɟɦɹ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɵ ɜ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɬɟɨɪɢɢ.................................................................................. 24

2.1 ɗɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɷɜɨɥɸɰɢɹ. ȼɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ .......................................................................24

2.2 Ɍɟɨɪɢɢ ɪɚɜɧɨɜɟɫɢɹ ɜ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɟ.........................................................25

2.3 Ⱦɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɬɟɨɪɢɢ ɜ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɟ.......................................................................... 27

2.4 ɉɪɢɧɰɢɩ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɹ ɋɚɦɭɷɥɶɫɨɧɚ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɹ ........................................ 30

2.5 ɇɟɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɟ..............................................................32

3 ɗɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɬɟɨɪɢɢ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ........... 35

3.1 Ⱦɢɧɚɦɢɤɚ ɢ ɪɚɜɧɨɜɟɫɢɟ............................................................................................. 36

3.2 Ʉɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ ɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɜɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ ...............................41

3.3 ɉɪɢɧɰɢɩ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ ɩɨ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɦɭ ɩɪɢɛɥɢɠɟɧɢɸ ............................................45

3.4 ɉɪɹɦɨɣ ɦɟɬɨɞ Ʌɹɩɭɧɨɜɚ............................................................................................ 48

3.5 ɋɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɚɹ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɶ........................................................................................52

3.6 Ʉɨɧɫɟɪɜɚɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ.......................................................................................... 56

3.7 Ɍɟɨɪɢɹ ɛɢɮɭɪɤɚɰɢɣ ...................................................................................................60

3.8 Ɍɟɨɪɢɹ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ................................................................................................. 67

3.9 Ɍɟɨɪɢɹ ɤɚɬɚɫɬɪɨɮ.......................................................................................................72

ɉɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ: ɇɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɡɚɦɟɱɚɧɢɹ ɨ ɬɟɨɪɢɢ ɛɢɮɭɪɤɚɰɢɣ ..............................................75

4 Ɇɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɚ ɪɚɜɧɨɜɟɫɢɣ ɢ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɵɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɯ.......................... 78

4.1 Ɍɟɨɪɢɹ ɤɚɬɚɫɬɪɨɮ ɢ ɫɪɚɜɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɫɬɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ .......................................78

4.2 Ɇɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɢ ................................................................84

4.3 ɇɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɵ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɵɯ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ.........................................................87

4.3.1 Ⱦɟɥɨɜɵɟ ɰɢɤɥɵ ɜ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ Ʉɚɥɞɨɪɚ..........................................................87

4.3.2 ɍɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɦɢ.............................................................................89

4.3.3 Ⱦɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɜɵɛɨɪ ɜɢɞɚ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɢ ɛɢɮɭɪɤɚɰɢɢ .........................91

4.3.4 Ɇɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɚ ɪɚɜɧɨɜɟɫɢɣ ɜ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɪɨɡɧɢɱɧɨɣ ɬɨɪɝɨɜɥɢ ȼɢɥɶɫɨɧɚ .......92

4.4 Ȼɢɮɭɪɤɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɨɫɬɚ .......................................94

4.5 Ɍɟɨɪɢɹ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɜ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɟ...................................................101

4.6 Ɂɚɦɟɱɚɧɢɹ .................................................................................................................103

5 ɗɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɰɢɤɥɵ ................................................................................................................... 104

5.1 Ɍɟɨɪɢɢ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɰɢɤɥɨɜ............................................................................... 104

5.2 ɇɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɬɟɨɪɢɢ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɰɢɤɥɨɜ..................110

5.2.1 Ɍɟɨɪɟɦɚ ɉɭɚɧɤɚɪɟ-Ȼɟɧɞɢɤɫɨɧɚ ɢ ɟɟ ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɤ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɟ..........110

5.2.2 Ɍɟɨɪɟɦɚ ɏɨɩɮɚ ɨ ɛɢɮɭɪɤɚɰɢɹɯ.............................................................114

5.3 ɍɩɪɨɳɟɧɧɚɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɞɟɥɨɜɨɝɨ ɰɢɤɥɚ Ʉɟɣɧɫɚ.........................................................117

5.4 ɏɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɧɟɪɚɜɧɨɜɟɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɛɟɡ ɪɚɜɧɨɜɟɫɢɣ........................................... 122

5.5 Ɇɨɧɟɬɚɪɧɵɟ ɰɢɤɥɵ ɜ ɨɛɨɛɳɟɧɧɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ Ɍɨɛɢɧɚ .............................................. 126

5.6 Ɉɫɰɢɥɥɹɰɢɢ ɜ ɝɢɛɪɢɞɧɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɪɨɫɬɚ ȼɚɧ ɞɟɪ ɉɥɸɝɚ ......................................133

5.7 Ɉɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɚ ɡɚɧɹɬɨɫɬɢ ................................................138

5.8 Ɉɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɪɨɫɬ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɣ ɫ ɷɧɞɨɝɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɮɥɭɤɬɭɚɰɢɹɦɢ 142

5.9 Ɂɚɦɟɱɚɧɢɹ ɨ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɯ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɯ ɛɢɮɭɪɤɚɰɢɹɯ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɰɢɤɥɨɜ ........ 145

5.10 Ʉɨɧɤɭɪɟɧɬɧɵɟ ɞɟɥɨɜɵɟ ɰɢɤɥɵ ɜ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɟ ɫ ɩɟɪɟɤɪɵɜɚɸɳɢɦɢɫɹ

ɩɨɤɨɥɟɧɢɹɦɢ — ɞɢɫɤɪɟɬɧɚɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ........................................................................................149

6 ɗɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɯɚɨɫ ɜ ɞɟɬɟɪɦɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɯ................................................................ 155

6.1 ɏɚɨɫ ɜ ɞɟɬɟɪɦɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɯ .................................................................... 155

6.2 ɗɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɯɚɨɫ ɜ ɞɢɫɤɪɟɬɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ..........................................................158

6.3 Ⱥɩɟɪɢɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɪɨɫɬ ........................................... 166

6.4 Ⱦɢɧɚɦɢɤɚ ɝɨɪɨɞɨɜ — ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ Ʌɨɪɟɧɰɚ .................................................................169

6.5 ɏɚɨɫ ɜ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢ ...........................................................174

6.6 ɏɚɨɫ ɢ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ............................................................... 176

6.7 Ɂɚɦɟɱɚɧɢɹ .................................................................................................................180

ɉɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ: ɇɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɢ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɚɬɬɪɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ ...................................180

6.7.1 ɉɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ Ʌɹɩɭɧɨɜɚ ɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɣ .......................181

6.7.2 ɉɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ Ʌɹɩɭɧɨɜɚ ɞɥɹ ɞɢɫɤɪɟɬɧɵɯ ɨɬɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɣ .........................182

6.7.3 ɋɢɝɧɚɥ, ɫɩɟɤɬɪ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ, ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹ ɚɜɬɨɤɨɪɪɟɥɹɰɢɢ ɢ ɨɬɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ

ɉɭɚɧɤɚɪɟ 184

7 ɋɬɨɯɚɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ ɢ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɷɜɨɥɸɰɢɹ............................................................... 187

7.1. ɋɥɭɱɚɣɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ ɢ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɷɜɨɥɸɰɢɹ...........................................187

7.2. ɋɬɨɯɚɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ. ȼɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ................................................................190

7.2.1. ɇɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɹ ɬɟɨɪɢɢ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɟɣ............................................191

7.2.2. ɋɬɨɯɚɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ .....................................................................193

7.3. ɉɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ ɪɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ—ɝɢɛɟɥɢ ɢ ɦɚɫɬɟɪ-ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ.......................................... 197

7.4. ɇɟɪɚɜɧɨɜɟɫɧɚɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɱɚɫɨɜ ɒɭɦɩɟɬɟɪɚ......................................................... 203

7.5. ȼɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɲɭɦɨɜ ɧɚ ɬɪɚɟɤɬɨɪɢɢ ɧɟɥɢɧɟɣɧɵɯ ɫɬɨɯɚɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɜɛɥɢɡɢ

ɨɫɨɛɵɯ ɬɨɱɟɤ .............................................................................................................................213

7.6. ȼɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɫɥɭɱɚɣɧɵɯ ɜɧɟɲɧɢɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɧɚ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɜɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ ɜ

ɨɤɪɟɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɫɨɛɵɯ ɬɨɱɟɤ........................................................................................................ 218

7.7. ȼɵɜɨɞɵ................................................................................................................ 222

8 Ƚɪɚɞɨɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ — ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɶ, ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɵɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɯɚɨɫ..................................... 225

8.1 ɉɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɧɟɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɚɹ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɚ ɢ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ

ɝɪɚɞɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ......................................................................................................................226

8.2 Ɋɨɥɶ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɞɜɭɦɟɪɧɨɣ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɟ...................................231

8.3 ɗɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɰɢɤɥɵ ɜ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ «ɦɭɥɶɬɢɩɥɢɤɚɬɨɪ-

ɚɤɫɟɥɟɪɚɬɨɪ» ɉɭɭ ...................................................................................................................... 239

8.4 ɉɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɞɢɮɮɭɡɢɹ ɤɚɤ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɚɬɨɪ ....................................................242

8.5 Ɋɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɫɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɪɚɡɧɨɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɝɪɭɩɩ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɝɨɪɨɞɚ...............245

8.6 ɍɪɛɚɧɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɬɢɩɚ ɛɟɝɭɳɢɯ ɜɨɥɧ...............................................252

8.7 ɇɟɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɝɪɚɞɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ .....................................................................256

ɉɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ: ɋɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɵɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɞɜɭɯɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɧɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ............................257

8.7.1 Ɇɨɞɟɥɶ ɦɨɪɮɨɝɟɧɟɡɚ..............................................................................257

8.7.2 Ȼɪɸɫɫɟɥɹɬɨɪ ...........................................................................................260

9 ɉɪɢɧɰɢɩ ɩɨɞɱɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɏɚɤɟɧɚ ɢ ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɜ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɟ........................... 268

9.1 ɉɪɢɧɰɢɩ ɩɨɞɱɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɏɚɤɟɧɚ .................................................................................268

9.2 Ɍɟɨɪɟɦɚ ɨ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɦɧɨɝɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɢ...................................................................272

9.3 ɋɢɧɝɭɥɹɪɧɵɟ ɜɨɡɦɭɳɟɧɢɹ....................................................................................... 276

9.4 ɋɜɹɡɶ ɛɵɫɬɪɵɯ ɢ ɦɟɞɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɟ ................. 280

9.5 Ɇɚɫɲɬɚɛ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɜ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɟ ........................................................284

9.6 Ⱦɢɧɚɦɢɤɚ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ. ɉɨɩɵɬɤɚ ɨɫɦɵɫɥɟɧɢɹ............................................................289

ɉɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ: ɉɪɢɧɰɢɩ ɩɨɞɱɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɫɬɨɯɚɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɣ

....................................................................................................................................................291

10 ɋɢɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɚ ɢ ɟɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ.................................................................................. 295

10.1 ɋɢɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɚ ɢ ɟɟ ɫɜɹɡɶ ɫ ɫɢɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɤɨɣ ..................................296

10.2 ɋɜɹɡɶ ɫɢɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢ ɫ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɬɟɨɪɢɟɣ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ

ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɢ | 297

10.3 Ʉɨɧɤɭɪɟɧɬɧɚɹ ɢ ɩɥɚɧɨɜɚɹ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɚ ɫ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ ɫɢɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ

ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢ 303

10.4 Ɋɚɡɜɢɬɚɹ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɸɳɚɹɫɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢ ɫ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ ɫɢɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ

ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢ 306

10.5 ɋɥɭɱɚɣɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɠɢɡɧɢ.................................310

10.6 Ɋɨɥɶ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɯɚɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɦɢɪɟ..........................................311

10.7 ɋɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɦɢɤɪɨ- ɢ ɦɚɤɪɨɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɨɣ ........................................... 313

11 ȼɵɜɨɞɵ ɢ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɵ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɢɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ.................................................................... 317

ɉɪɟɞɢɫɥɨɜɢɟ ɪɟɞɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ

ɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɚ

ȼɫɹɤɨɟ ɡɧɚɧɢɟ ɟɫɬɶ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɨɞɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɫɭɳɧɨɫɬɢ

ɠɢɡɧɢ ɩɨɞ ɡɚɤɨɧɵ ɪɚɡɭɦɚ.

Ʌɟɜ Ɍɨɥɫɬɨɣ, «ȼɨɣɧɚ ɢ ɦɢɪ»

ɏɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɨɣ ɱɟɪɬɨɣ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɷɬɚɩɚ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɧɚɭɤɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɟɟ

ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɡɚɰɢɹ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɡɚɦɟɧɟ ɢɡɭɱɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ

ɚɞɟɤɜɚɬɧɨɣ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɶɸ ɢ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɦ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɷɬɨɣ

ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɥɢɛɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɚɦɢ, ɥɢɛɨ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɢɬɟ-

ɥɶɧɵɯ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɨɜ. ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɨɞɟɥɟɣ ɜ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɟ ɢɦɟɟɬ

ɛɨɥɟɟ ɱɟɦ ɫɬɨɥɟɬɧɸɸ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɸ. ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɨɞɧɚ ɢɡ ɩɟɪɜɵɯ ɦɨɞɟɥɟɣ

ɪɵɧɨɱɧɨɣ

ɤɨɧɤɭɪɟɧɰɢɢ (Ɉ. Ʉɭɪɧɨ) ɛɵɥɚ ɨɩɭɛɥɢɤɨɜɚɧɚ ɜ 1838 ɝ., ɚ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɩɨɥɜɟɤɚ Ʌ. ȼɚɥɶɪɚɫ

ɭɠɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɥ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɩɪɢ ɱɬɟɧɢɢ ɤɭɪɫɚ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɢ ɜ

Ʌɨɡɚɧɧɫɤɨɦ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɟ. Ʉ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɦɭ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɜ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɬɟɨɪɢɢ ɩɪɨɱɧɨ

ɡɚɤɪɟɩɢɥɢɫɶ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɪɵɧɤɨɜ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɣ ɫɢɥɵ, ɬɨɜɚɪɨɜ ɢ

ɞɟɧɟɝ, ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɨɞɧɨɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜɨɣ ɢ ɦɧɨɝɨɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜɨɣ ɮɢɪɦ, ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ

ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɹ,

ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɟɧɰɢɢ ɮɢɪɦ ɧɚ ɪɵɧɤɟ ɬɨɜɚɪɨɜ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ, ɩɨ

ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭ, ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɪɚɜɧɨɜɟɫɧɵɦɢ ɦɨɞɟɥɹɦɢ.

Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɩɨɞɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɟ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɨ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɟɬ, ɜɨ

ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ, ɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɱɟɝɨ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɜ

ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɟ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ. Ɉɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɨɜ ɤ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ

ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɫɥɭɠɢɬ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɪɚɜɧɨɜɟɫɢɹ

ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ, ɜɵɡɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɬɟɯ ɢɥɢ

ɢɧɵɯ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ.

Ɍɚɤɨɣ (ɤɜɚɡɢɫɬɚɰɢɨɧɚɪɧɵɣ) ɩɨɞɯɨɞ ɨɩɢɪɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɤɥɸɱɟɜɭɸ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɸ

ɤɥɚɫɫɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɢ — «ɧɟɜɢɞɢɦɭɸ ɪɭɤɭ» Ⱥɞɚɦɚ ɋɦɢɬɚ. Ʉɚɤ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨ,

ɷɬɚ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɹ ɨɩɢɪɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɝɢɩɨɬɟɡɭ ɨ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɧɚ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɟɧɬɧɵɯ ɪɵɧɤɚɯ

ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɜɧɨɜɟɫɧɨɝɨ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɚ.

ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɤɜɚɡɢɫɬɚɰɢɨɧɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɚ ɤ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɭ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ

ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢ ɩɪɢɜɟɥɨ ɤ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɸ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ

ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɨ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɥɸɛɨɣ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɬɶ

ɤɚɤ ɫɦɟɧɭ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɞɪɭɝɢɦ ɫ ɤɪɚɬɤɢɦ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɨɦ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ

ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɧɢɦɢ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɢ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ

ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɚ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɨɤɚɡɚɬɶɫɹ ɨɲɢɛɨɱɧɵɦ, ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɧɟɪɚɜɧɨɜɟɫɧɨɝɨ

ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɦɧɨɝɢɯ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɨɤɚɡɚɬɶɫɹ ɫɥɢɲɤɨɦ ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ,

ɱɬɨɛɵ ɢɦ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɛɵɥɨ ɩɪɟɧɟɛɪɟɱɶ

. ɉɪɟɤɪɚɫɧɨ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɹ ɜɚɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ

ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɜ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɟ, ɤɥɚɫɫɢɤ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɧɚɭɤɢ

Ⱥ. Ɇɚɪɲɚɥɥ ɨɩɪɚɜɞɵɜɚɥ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɤɜɚɡɢɫɬɚɰɢɨɧɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɚ ɞɥɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ

ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ ɧɚ ɪɵɧɤɟ ɬɟɦ, ɱɬɨ «ɧɚɲ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɜɫɟ ɟɳɟ ɩɪɟɛɵɜɚɟɬ ɜ ɦɥɚɞɟɧɱɟɫɤɨɦ

ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɟ».

Ɉɬɦɟɬɢɦ, ɱɬɨ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɥɢɲɶ ɞɨ ɩɨɪɵ ɞɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ,

ɩɨɤɚ, ɜ ɫɢɥɭ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɩɪɢɱɢɧ, ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ

ɫɬɚɰɢɨɧɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɧɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɢɬɫɹ

ɤɚɪɞɢɧɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ. ɉɨɞɨɛɧɵɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ, ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɦɵɟ ɛɢɮɭɪɤɚɰɢɹɦɢ,

ɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɚɬ ɭɠɟ ɤ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɧɟɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɝɨ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ

ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ, ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɜɫɟ ɛɨɥɶɲɟɦɭ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɸ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɬɨɱɤɢ

ɡɪɟɧɢɹ: «Ɇɢɪ — ɷɬɨ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ, ɜɟɱɧɚɹ ɧɟɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɶ, ɚ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɵ

ɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ — ɥɢɲɶ ɤɪɚɬɤɢɟ ɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɧɚ ɷɬɨɦ ɩɭɬɢ».

Ⱦɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɯɨɪɨɲɨ ɡɚɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɨɜɚɜɲɢɟ ɫɟɛɹ ɜ

ɮɢɡɢɤɟ, ɚ

ɡɚɬɟɦ ɜ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɢ, ɢɦɟɸɬ ɦɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ, ɯɨɬɹ ɢ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɸɬ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ

ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɚɠɞɨɣ ɢɡ ɷɬɢɯ ɧɚɭɤ. ɋɟɣɱɚɫ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɤɥɚɫɫɚ ɜɫɟ ɲɢɪɟ

ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɨɰɢɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɢ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɟ. Ʉ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɦɭ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɚɹ

ɦɟɬɨɞɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɧɟɥɢɧɟɣɧɵɯ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɨɮɨɪɦɢɥɚɫɶ ɜ ɧɨɜɨɟ ɧɚɭɱ-

ɧɨɟ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ, ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɦɨɟ ɫɢɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɤɨɣ. ɗɬɚ ɦɟɠɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɚɪɧɚɹ ɧɚɭɤɚ

ɧɚɰɟɥɟɧɚ ɧɚ

ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɨɛɳɢɯ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɨɜ ɷɜɨɥɸɰɢɢ ɢ ɫɚɦɨɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɫɥɨɠɧɵɯ

ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɹɯ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ

ɧɟɥɢɧɟɣɧɵɯ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɨɞɟɥɟɣ. ȼɚɠɧɵɦɢ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɹɦɢ

ɫɢɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɤɢ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ «ɤɚɬɚɫɬɪɨɮɚ», «ɛɢɮɭɪɤɚɰɢɹ», «ɩɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɰɢɤɥ», «ɫɬɪɚɧɧɵɣ

ɚɬɬɪɚɤɬɨɪ», «ɞɢɫɫɢɩɚɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ», «ɛɟɝɭɳɚɹ ɜɨɥɧɚ» ɢ ɬ. ɞ. ȼɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɳɢɟ ɩɪɢ

ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɫɪɚɜɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɨɫɬɵɯ ɧɟɥɢɧɟɣɧɵɯ ɦɨɞɟɥɟɣ, ɷɬɢ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɹ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ

ɧɚɦ ɝɥɭɛɠɟ ɩɪɨɧɢɤɧɭɬɶ

ɜ ɫɭɬɶ ɦɧɨɝɢɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɢ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɣ. Ɏɢɡɢɤɚ, ɯɢɦɢɹ,

ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɜ ɢɡɨɛɢɥɢɢ ɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɢɪɭɸɬ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɵ ɭɫɩɟɲɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɷɬɨɣ

ɦɟɬɨɞɨɥɨɝɢɢ. Ʉ ɧɢɦ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɬɧɟɫɬɢ ɮɚɡɨɜɵɟ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɵ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɧɵɦɢ ɫɨ-

ɫɬɨɹɧɢɹɦɢ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ, ɬɭɪɛɭɥɟɧɬɧɵɟ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ, ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɜ ɫɪɟɞɚɯ ɩɪɢ

ɧɚɥɢɱɢɢ ɚɜɬɨɤɚɬɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɣ, ɜɨɥɧɵ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɢ ɜɨɥɧɵ ɝɨɪɟɧɢɹ, ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɹ

ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɩɨɩɭɥɹɰɢɣ ɢ ɞɪ.

ɇɟɭɞɢɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ,

ɱɬɨ ɷɬɚ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɥɨɝɢɹ, ɜɨɡɧɢɤɲɚɹ ɫɪɚɜɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ

ɧɟɞɚɜɧɨ ɢ ɯɨɪɨɲɨ ɡɚɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɨɜɚɜɲɚɹ ɫɟɛɹ ɜ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɨɡɧɚɧɢɢ, ɫɬɚɥɚ ɩɪɨɧɢɤɚɬɶ ɢ ɜ

ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɨ ɝɭɦɚɧɢɬɚɪɧɵɟ ɧɚɭɤɢ, ɢ

ɜ ɩɟɪɜɭɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ ɜ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɭ. ɇɟ ɛɨɹɫɶ ɨɲɢɛɢɬɶɫɹ, ɦɨɠɧɨ ɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɥɸɛɨɣ

ɪɚɡɞɟɥ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɧɚɭɤɢ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɨɬɧɟɫɟɧ ɤ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ

ɫɢɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɤɢ, ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɢɢ ɥɸɛɨɝɨ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ

ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɚ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ

ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɣ, ɬ. ɟ. ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɸɳɢɣ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɭɸ ɫɜɹɡɶ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ, ɟɫɥɢ ɦɵ ɯɨɬɢɦ

ɡɚɝɥɹɧɭɬɶ ɡɚ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬ ɭɡɤɨɝɨ

ɦɢɪɚ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɜɫɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɵɦ ɢ ɜ

ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɧɟɬ ɦɟɫɬɚ ɤɚɬɚɫɬɪɨɮɚɦ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɫɬɪɨɣɤɚɦ, ɧɚɦ ɧɟ ɨɛɨɣɬɢɫɶ ɛɟɡ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ

ɫɢɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɚ.

ȼ ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɦɨɣ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɸ ɱɢɬɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɤɧɢɝɟ ȼ.-Ȼ. Ɂɚɧɝɚ «ɋɢɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ

ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɚ» ɫɞɟɥɚɧɚ ɩɨɩɵɬɤɚ ɞɚɬɶ ɨɛɳɟɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɨ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɹɯ

ɫɢɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɚ ɜ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɟ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɟ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɭɞɟɥɟɧɨ

ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɢɸ ɫɪɚɜɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɨɫɬɵɯ

ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɨɞɟɥɟɣ ɦɚɥɨɣ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ,

ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ, ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, ɭɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɶ ɚɧɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɚɦɢ. ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚ-

ɧɢɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɫɢɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɤɢ ɜ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɟ — ɧɟ ɞɚɧɶ ɦɨɞɟ, ɚ ɧɚɫɭɳɧɚɹ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɶ

ɞɜɢɝɚɬɶɫɹ ɜɩɟɪɟɞ ɡɚ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɵ, ɨɱɟɪɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɪɚɦɤɚɦɢ ɤɜɚɡɢɫɬɚɰɢɨɧɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɚ,

ɢɫɤɚɬɶ ɧɨɜɵɟ ɩɭɬɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɳɧɵɯ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɞɥɹ

ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɫɟɪɶɟɡɧɵɯ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ.

Ɇɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɚɪɢɣ ɤɧɢɝɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ

ɤɨɦɩɚɤɬɧɵɣ

ɧɚɛɨɪ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ, ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɜɟɫɶɦɚ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ

ɧɟɥɢɧɟɣɧɵɯ ɦɨɞɟɥɟɣ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ. ɇɟɫɨɦɧɟɧɧɨɟ

ɞɨɫɬɨɢɧɫɬɜɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɚ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɜ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɨɛɫɭɠɞɚɟɦɵɯ ɜ ɤɧɢɝɟ

ɦɨɞɟɥɟɣ ɦɚɥɨɣ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ ɥɟɝɤɨ ɩɨɞɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɫɦɵɫɥɟɧɢɸ, ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɧɚɛɨɪ

ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ, ɹɜɥɹɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɹɪɤɢɦɢ ɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɹɦɢ ɧɟɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɫɬɢ, ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ

ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɜ ɤɧɢɝɟ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɫɬɚɬɶ

ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ

ɚɡɛɭɤɨɣ ɞɥɹ ɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɨɥɟɧɢɹ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɫɬɨɜ, ɧɨ ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ ɢ ɦɚɹɤɨɦ,

ɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɧɚɫɬɪɚɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɷɤɨɧɨ-

ɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɜɭɡɨɜ. ɉɨ-ɜɢɞɢɦɨɦɭ, ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɜ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɷɬɢɦ ȼ.-Ȼ. Ɂɚɧɝ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬ ɫɜɨɸ

ɤɧɢɝɭ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɚɦ, ɧɨ ɢ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɚɦ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɟɣ.

Ɇɚɫɲɬɚɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɭɸ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɢɥ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɚɜɬɨɪ, ɧɟ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɥɚ ɟɦɭ

ɢɡɛɟɠɚɬɶ

ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɤɨɜ. ɗɬɨ ɤɚɫɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɟɠɞɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɱɪɟɡɦɟɪɧɨɣ

ɤɨɧɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɡɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɨɩɨɥɚɝɚɸɳɢɯ ɝɢɩɨɬɟɡ ɩɪɢ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɢɪɨɜɤɟ

ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɨɞɟɥɟɣ, ɱɬɨ, ɤ ɫɨɠɚɥɟɧɢɸ, ɩɪɢɫɭɳɟ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɷɬɨɣ, ɧɨ ɢ ɦɧɨɝɢɦ

ɞɪɭɝɢɦ ɤɧɢɝɚɦ ɩɨ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɟ. Ɇɨɠɧɨ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ ɢ ɬɨ; ɱɬɨ

ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɜ ɤɧɢɝɟ ɡɚɱɚɫɬɭɸ ɫɥɭɠɚɬ ɤɚɤ ɛɵ ɢɥɥɸɫɬɪɚɰɢɹɦɢ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɯ

ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ. ɗɬɨ ɫɬɚɜɢɬ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɦɵɟ

ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɜ ɩɨɞɱɢɧɟɧɧɨɟ

ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɩɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɸ ɤ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɭ, ɱɬɨ, ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨ ɠɟ, ɧɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ

ɧɟ ɜɵɡɜɚɬɶ ɍ ɱɢɬɚɬɟɥɟɣ-ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɫɬɨɜ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɚ ɧɟɞɨɜɨɥɶɫɬɜɚ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ

ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɚ ɚɜɬɨɪɚ ɤ ɢɡɥɨɠɟɧɢɸ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɱɢɬɚɬɟɥɶ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɢɜɚɟɬ,

ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɱɬɨ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɰɢɤɥɵ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵ, ɤɚɤ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɹ

ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɩɭɥɹɰɢɣ, ɚ «ɫɤɚɱɤɢ» ɜ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟ, ɬ. ɟ. ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɜɨɥɸɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ

ɬɢɩɚ, — ɤɚɤ ɮɚɡɨɜɵɟ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɵ ɞɥɹ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ. Ɍɚɤ ɱɬɨ ɤ ɷɬɨɦɭ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɶɫɹ ɤɚɤ

ɤ ɧɚɦɟɪɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɭ ɜ ɩɨɞɚɱɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ

ɜɵɧɭɠɞɚɟɬ ɱɢɬɚɬɟɥɟɣ

ɛɨɥɟɟ ɬɳɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɜɧɢɤɚɬɶ ɜ ɬɟ ɫɤɭɩɵɟ ɫɬɪɨɤɢ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ

ɢɡɥɨɠɟɧɵ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɝɢɩɨɬɟɡɵ ɢ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɦɨɞɟɥɟɣ, ɢ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɬɶ

ɦɚɤɫɢɦɭɦ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢ ɨɫɦɵɫɥɟɧɢɢ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɢɡɥɚɝɚɟɦɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ,

ɧɨ ɢ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢ-1ɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ.

Ʉ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɦ ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɨɰɟɧɤɚɦ (ɢ ɫɚɦɨɨɰɟɧɤɚɦ) ɚɜɬɨɪɚ ɱɢɬɚɬɟɥɸ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ

ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɶɫɹ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɤɪɢɬɢɱɧɨ. ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɝɨɜɨɪɹ ɨ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɟ ɩɨɞɱɢɧɟɧɢɹ

ɏɚɤɟɧɚ,

ɧɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɧɟ ɭɩɨɦɹɧɭɬɶ ɢ ɨ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɢɪɨɜɤɟ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɚ —

ɬɟɨɪɟɦɟ Ɍɢɯɨɧɨɜɚ ɞɥɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɣ ɫ ɫɢɧɝɭɥɹɪɧɵɦɢ ɜɨɡɦɭɳɟɧɢɹɦɢ. ɂ ɜɨɨɛɳɟ,

ɝɨɜɨɪɹ ɨ ɫɢɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɤɟ, ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɩɨɦɧɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɦɧɨɝɢɟ ɟɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ

ɫɜɹɡɚɧɵ ɫ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟɦ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɭ ɢɫɬɨɤɨɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɜ ɧɚɲɟɣ

ɫɬɪɚɧɟ ɫɬɨɹɥɢ Ⱥ. Ⱥ. Ⱦɨɪɨɞɧɢɰɵɧ, ɇ. ɇ. Ɇɨɢɫɟɟɜ, Ⱥ. Ⱥ. ɋɚɦɚɪɫɤɢɣ ɢ

ɞɪ. (ɞɥɹ

ɭɞɨɛɫɬɜɚ ɱɢɬɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɦɵ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɦ ɜ ɤɨɧɰɟ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɞɢɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɫɩɢɫɨɤ

ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɧɚ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɦ ɹɡɵɤɟ ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɬɟɦɚɬɢɤɟ).

ȼɦɟɫɬɟ ɫ ɬɟɦ ɦɵ ɯɨɬɟɥɢ ɛɵ ɨɛɪɚɬɢɬɶ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɱɢɬɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɧɚ ɝɥɚɜɧɨɟ

ɞɨɫɬɨɢɧɫɬɜɨ ɤɧɢɝɢ: ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ ɚɜɬɨɪɭ ɭɞɚɥɨɫɶ ɞɚɬɶ ɲɢɪɨɤɭɸ ɩɚɧɨɪɚɦɭ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɞɟɥ

ɜ ɫɟɝɨɞɧɹɲɧɟɣ ɫɢɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɤɟ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɟ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɫɪɚɜɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɨɫɬɵɯ ɦɨɞɟɥɟɣ

ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ. Ȼɨɥɟɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɤɧɢɝɚ ɧɚɰɟɥɟɧɚ ɧɚ

ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɭ ɱɢɬɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɧɟɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɢɥɹ ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɹ, ɱɬɨ ɜɚɠɧɨ ɜ ɥɸɛɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫ-

ɬɢ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ, ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ, ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨ ɠɟ, ɢ ɜ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɟ.

ɉɪɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɧɚɞ ɪɭɤɨɩɢɫɶɸ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɚ ɡɚɦɟɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɧɟɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɪɢɝɢɧɚɥɚ ɦɵ

ɢɫɩɪɚɜɢɥɢ ɛɟɡ ɨɫɨɛɵɯ ɨɝɨɜɨɪɨɤ, ɚ ɬɚɦ, ɝɞɟ ɷɬɨ ɛɵɥɨ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ, ɫɞɟɥɚɥɢ

ɩɨɞɫɬɪɨɱɧɵɟ

ɩɪɢɦɟɱɚɧɢɹ. Ɉɫɨɛɨ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɩɭɛɥɢɤɚɰɢɹ ɤɧɢɝɢ ɧɚ

ɪɭɫɫɤɨɦ ɹɡɵɤɟ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɚ ɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ ɢɧɢɰɢɚɬɢɜɟ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɱɢɤɚ ɤɧɢɝɢ ɇ. ȼ.

Ɉɫɬɪɨɜɫɤɨɣ, ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɚɜɲɟɦɭ ɟɟ ɢɧɢɰɢɚɬɢɜɭ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɦɭ ɮɨɧɞɭ ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ

ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ (ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɢɤ ɢɡɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɬɞɟɥɚ ȼ. Ⱦ. ɇɨɜɢɤɨɜ), ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɤɚɦ

ɢɡɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ «Ɇɢɪ», ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ Ⱥ. ȼ. Ɏɟɞɨɬɨɜɭ, ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɜɲɟɦɭ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɟ ɜ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɟ 5 ɢ

9 ɝɥɚɜ.

Ɇɵ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɯɨɬɟɥɢ ɛɵ ɜɵɪɚɡɢɬɶ

ɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɧɨɫɬɶ ɚɜɬɨɪɭ ɤɧɢɝɢ ɩɪɨɮ. ȼ.-Ȼ. Ɂɚɧɝɭ ɡɚ

ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɤ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɦɭ ɢɡɞɚɧɢɸ — ɨɧ ɥɸɛɟɡɧɨ ɩɪɢɫɥɚɥ ɩɨ ɧɚɲɟɣ ɩɪɨɫɶɛɟ ɫɩɢɫɨɤ

ɨɩɟɱɚɬɨɤ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɭɱɬɟɧ ɜ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɦ ɢɡɞɚɧɢɢ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨɬɜɟɬɢɥ ɧɚ ɪɹɞ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɨɜ ɩɨ

ɭɬɨɱɧɟɧɢɸ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɦɟɫɬ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ. ȼ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɦɵ ɜɵɪɚɠɚɟɦ ɧɚɞɟɠɞɭ, ɱɬɨ ɤɧɢɝɚ

ɛɭɞɟɬ ɩɨɥɟɡɧɚ ɜɫɟɦ ɱɢɬɚɬɟɥɹɦ, ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɭɸɳɢɦɫɹ ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ

ɧɟɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɜ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɟ. Ʉɬɨ ɡɧɚɟɬ, ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɫɪɟɞɢ ɧɢɯ ɨɤɚɠɭɬɫɹ ɢ ɬɟ,

ɤɬɨ ɧɚɣɞɟɬ ɫ ɟɟ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɬɭ ɫɚɦɭɸ ɧɢɬɶ, ɪɚɫɩɭɬɵɜɚɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɭɸ, ɭɞɚɫɬɫɹ ɞɨɛɪɚɬɶɫɹ ɞɨ

ɱɟɬɤɨɣ ɫɢɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɵ ɬɟɯ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɦɵ ɜɫɟ

ɫɟɝɨɞɧɹ ɩɟɪɟɠɢɜɚɟɦ ɢ, ɢɦɟɹ ɷɬɭ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɭ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɫɨɛɨɣ, ɧɚɣɬɢ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɭɬɢ ɤ

ɞɨɫɬɨɣɧɨɦɭ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɸ.