World War II in Photographs
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1945
ABOVE
The strain of captivity is etched
deep into the faces of these British
prisoners of war, liberated by the
Americans at Göttingen on April 8.
371
ABOVE
British prisoners of war greet the liberators
of Stalag 11 B, near Fallingbostel.
RIGHT
Montgomery reads regional surrender
terms to the German delegation on
Lüneburg Heath, May 4. There were
total surrenders at Rheims and at
Karlshorst, on the eastern edge of Berlin.
372
1945
RIGHT
Many Germans committed suicide rather
than surrender. Here the mayor of Leipzig
is slumped over his desk, with his wife in
an armchair and his daughter, m a nurse's
uniform, on the settee, April 25.
BELOW
This deeply symbolic shot, taken after
American capture of Nuremberg on April
20, shows a knocked-out Sherman in front
of the tiers of empty seats in the stadium
which once echoed the applause for Hitler.
Contrast it with the picture on page 16.
1945
THE PACIFIC WAR
American B-29s based in the Marianas began bombing Japan
in November 1944. The tiny island of Iwo Jima, between the
Marianas and Tokyo, and thus an invaluable base for the
strategic air offensive, was attacked in February 1945 but took
almost a month to clear. Okinawa was invaded on April 1, and
the Japanese fought fiercely for its interior organized resistance
ceased only on June 21. With Okinawa in their hands, the
Americans were in a position to close in on the Japanese
home islands, though it was not a prospect many relished.
RIGHT
When the American entered Manila, capital
of the Philippines, on February 4, they found
these US civilians in Santo Tomas University,
used as a Japanese internment camp.
BELOW
US Marines on the beach at Iwo Jima,
February 19, with Mount Suribachi
rising in the background. It took the
Marines 36 days and over 23,000
casualties to take the island: only 216
of the garrison of 20,000 were captured.
OPPOSITE PAGE
Raising the flag on Mount Suribachi.
This, one of the most famous war
photographs ever taken is posed: a smaller
flag had been raised two hours earlier.
1945
ABOVE
The oldest carrier in American service, the
USS Saratoga was hit on February 21, off Iwo
Jima, but managed to make her way back
to Puget Navy Yard on the US Pacific coast.
376
ABOVE
During operations against Kyushu in
March USS Franklin was badly damaged
by air attack. Her crew suffered about
1,000 casualties, but she was saved by
the determination of her crew and the
US Navy's emphasis on damage control,
and limped back to Brooklyn Navy
Yard under her own power.
RIGHT
Rockets from a US Navy landing craft
streak ashore in support of an Australian
landing on the oil-rich island of Tarakan,
off the east coast of Borneo, April 30.
377
1945
ABOVE
Off le Shima, a tiny island in the Ryuku
archipelago, an American battleship fires a
barrage at a Japanese aircraft: it is almost
hidden by smoke and spray, just above the
horizon and slightly left of centre.
378
1945
ABOVE
Japanese kamikaze pilots deliberately
crashed their aircraft into enemy
warships: the practice became official
policy in October 1944. Kamikaze attacks
reached their zenith during the battle for
Okinawa: here a kamikaze pilot narrowly
misses the battleship USS Missouri.
379
ABOVE
An American battleship blasts Okinawa
as a line of Amtracks heads for the beach.
RIGHT
A flame-thrower tank clearing
Japanese snipers from caves on Okinawa.
380