World War II in Photographs
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194 I
ABOVE
A German machine gun post covers a
street in Kharkov, taken by Rundstedt's
Army Group South in October.
RIGHT
Narva, on the Gulf of Finland, had
witnessed a Russian defeat by Charles XII
of Sweden in 1700. Here German
infantry pass beneath its old
fortifications, September 1941.
FOLLOWING PAGES
Ukrainian peasants directing German
soldiers. Much of the population of
areas overrun by the Germans was not
unsympathetic to the removal of the Soviet
yoke: German failure to recognize this
was a major political and strategic failure.
151
194 I
ABOVE
This photograph, released by the Russians
in January 1942, shows the bodies of
civilians shot by the Germans in a
schoolyard at Rostov-on-Don.
RIGHT
German occupation was harsh and helped
alienate national groups who had initially
welcomed the Germans. This undated
photograph, attributed by its original
caption to a captured German soldier,
shows a German officer hanging a prisoner.
154
1941
ABOVE
The Russian counterattack of December
used troops trained and equipped to
operate in the sub-zero conditions.
German commanders were badly
shaken, and Hitler assumed personal
command of the army, ordering his
men to hold on regardless of cost.
RIGHT
A nation at war: members of the Moscow
Young Communists digging an anti-tank
ditch outside the Russian capital.
155
1941
156
1941
ABOVE
German prisoners captured
during the Russian winter offensive.
157
1941
BELOW
Leningrad, now known by its old name
of St Petersburg, was encircled by the
advancing Germans, and in the
ensuing siege perhaps one million
soldiers and citizens died. These civilians
have been killed by German shelling.
158
1941
The Russians kept Leningrad
supplied by running trucks
across the frozen Lake Ladoga.
159
ABOVE
PEARL HARBOR
In mid 1941 America reacted to Japanese occupation of French
Indo-China by freezing Japanese assets. In October Prince Konoye's
moderate cabinet was replaced by a government headed by General
Tojo, and, despite the recognition by several leading figures that she
could not win a long war, Japan prepared a devastating strike.
On December 7, carrier-borne aircraft struck the US Pacific Fleet
at Pearl Harbor, on the Hawaiian island of Oahu. Surprise was
complete, although the Americans had received warnings which
should have enabled them to meet the attack. American losses were
heavy, but aircraft carriers were at sea and escaped the carnage.
ABOVE
Battleship row at Pearl Harbor.
From left to right are the USS West Virginia,
Tennessee and Arizona. All three, along
with the battleships California and
Nevada eventually sank, but only
Arizona and Oklahoma were total losses.
160