Wellman Guy. The Heinemann ELT Wordbuilder
Подождите немного. Документ загружается.
The Heinemann English
Wordbuilder
Wordbuilder
Guy Wellman
HEINEMANN
The Heinemann English
Heinemann English Language Teaching
A division of Reed Educational and Professional Publishing Limited
Halley Court, Jordan Hill, Oxford OX2 8E J
OXFORD MADRID FLORENCE ATHENS PRAGUE
SAO PAULO MEXICO CITY CHICAGO PORTSMOUTH (NH)
TOKYO SINGAPORE KUALA LUMPUR MELBOURNE
AUCKLAND JOHANNESBURG IBADAN GABORONE
ISBN 0 435 28556 4
First published 1989 in association with ELA
© Heinemann International 1992
Design by Arc Design
Illustrations by Laura Potter and Richard Wileman
Printed in Great Britain by
The Bath Press, Avon
96 97 98 10 9 8
Contents
Introduction
Names 8
Age 10
Family relationships 13
Marital status 15
Countries, Nationalities 17
Location 21
Build 25
From the neck up 26
From shoulder to fingertips 29
From the bottom down 31
Inside and outside the torso 32
Compound adjectives using
parts of the body 34
The senses 36
Character and personality 39
Attitudes and beliefs 43
Thinking, wanting and knowing 46
Moods 50
Attitudes and relationships 53
Expressing oneself 56
Reacting to events 62
Sounds people make 65
Gesture, mannerism and
body language 67
Posture and movement 71
Actions and activities 74
The universe 77
Physical geography 78
The plant world 80
The animal world 82
Food and drink 87
Buildings and rooms 91
Furniture and household 94
Vehicles 101
Clothes 107
Size, quantity, dimensions
and measurements 110
Shapes 114
Substances, materials and
textures 116
Colours 119
The condition things
are in 122
Parts and components 125
What things do 127
Noises things make 132
Births, marriages and
deaths 134
Work 140
Earning and spending
money 146
Health and illness 149
Sport and games 154
Entertainment 159
Games and hobbies 163
Music and the Arts 168
Cooking, eating and
drinking 173
Travelling 178
Business, industry and
agriculture 181
Law and order, crime and
punishment 185
Quality 188
Time 191
Numerals and proportions 196
Rise and fall 199
Normality and regularity 201
Probability, necessity and
free will 203
Cause and effect 206
Index 208
Key 259
Introduction
Why
This book is designed to help the student of English whose only weapons in the battle
against vocabulary have, until now, been a dictionary and a dog-eared note-book with
lists of unconnected words, approximate translations alongside. I felt a book which
would help students to build their active vocabulary, while at the same time helping
with the recognition of less common or important words, would be a useful tool with
which they could work their way deeper into the language.
Who
The book is designed to be used by a class of students, a couple of friends or an
individual working alone. It is particularly useful for students who are not living in
an English-speaking country, and so are not exposed to the everyday expressions
that are presented and practised in this book.
The level is post-intermediate, which means it should be useful for students who
have met the basic structures of English at least once, but have a relatively narrow
vocabulary range. It is particularly good practice for users who wish to improve their
speaking or writing, or for those who are preparing for a national exam or for the
Cambridge First Certificate. Even Cambridge Proficiency exam candidates and other
advanced users and students of English will find that there is a lot they can learn in
the Heinemann English Wordbuilder.
Because this is a book about language, some of the sections will be most beneficial if
the user can argue, experiment and practise with someone else, but users working
alone at home can greatly improve and broaden their use of English through the
presentation and written practice provided.
What
The Heinemann English Wordbuilder is made up of 60 units. Each unit focusses on
one vocabulary area. It starts with a reference section which shows you the words (in
bold print) at work, that is to say in context. This is followed by a practice section of
exercises and ideas for further written or spoken practice with space for you to add
any other expressions you know or meet. The Index at the end of the book contains
every word and phrase and so acts as a quick reference guide for you. Some words
have a star beside them. You should be careful how you use these. A brief note on
each is included in the Key at the back of the book.
You will find there are passages to read, some long, a few quite difficult, and many
full to the brim with the target vocabulary. There are often checking exercises after
them to make sure the words have 'gone in', that is to say that you have remembered
them. There are other exercises, too: matching, gap-filling, defining, ordering, etc.
many of which have the answers on the page, which you are asked to cover. The
advantage of this is that you can do the exercises again and again if you like, to check
how your vocabulary is growing. There are games and quizzes, not really to test your
general knowledge but rather to motivate you to study the language under review. (I,
personally, would rather be asked to guess - or work out from given data — when,
why or in what order certain things happened in Siberia than just read a page of
historical facts, for instance. Wouldn't you?)
None of the material is 'authentic' English. You would have to read hundreds of
extracts from other sources before you met the thirty or forty words and expressions
that you will find grouped in each section here. You should, of course, read widely in
addition to this book, to improve your reading skills and to see the vocabulary you
have learnt in this book at work.
How
There are three main ways in which you can use the Heinemann English
Wordbuilder in class or on your own: by looking up a particular word or expression in
the Index and then working on that particular unit; by finding a unit of interest and
working through it systematically; by working through all the units one by one.
If you are working alone, and you wish to use the book to increase your vocabulary
range, work through at a reasonable pace. If you come across a section which you
think is of no importance to you or in which you feel your vocabulary is already very
strong, leave it out, perhaps returning to it later. Some parts are easier than others.
Never spend too long on one particular section. Treat the book as a cross between a
manual and a collection of short stories, not as a novel which you want to read quite
quickly from cover to cover. Sometimes refer to it to check a word you're not sure of
or need to use; sometimes browse through it and pick a section to read and study, just
because it's of interest or perhaps an area of English you have never really
considered before. And keep coming back to it, as you would a story you have just
enjoyed. Each time you look at a particular section, you will find your vocabulary
seems stronger, more refined, more elastic than the time before.
At the end of nearly every unit, there is a Practice section which asks you to
incorporate the new and old vocabulary you have studied in a series of speaking or
writing activities. They are an important part of the book. There is little point in
having thirty thousand words in your head if you are only able to call up about five
hundred when you find yourself in a particular situation. The Practice sections will
help you to start using the vocabulary more or less automatically and without too
much hesitation. These sections will also help your speaking and writing skills in
general. There is enough here to give Examiners quite a surprise when they read
your compositions and hear your answers to Interview questions.
The book contains a lot, we hope most, of the essential vocabulary within the topics
covered. However, if you are a keen reader of or listener to English, you will
occasionally come across items that are not included here. You might like to use the
'Add more words ...' sections in each unit to note these down and to make the
Wordbuilder very much your own book.
The Key
At the end of the book, you will find a Key. Here we have given the answers to
exercises. Look at the title of the unit you are working on and the page number. Then
find these in the Key in order to check your work or find words you didn't know.
When the answers depend on general knowledge or are particularly difficult, you will
find them in the unit itself. Only refer to the Key when you have done a task. No
cheating!
Note that in the practice sections there are some activities suggested which are
better done with other students, so that you can speak together in small groups. You
have been given the choice between speaking and writing, however, in case you are
working on your own.
I hope you enjoy using the book. Writing it made me realise again what an
interesting language English is. I hope you'll find you agree.
Guy Wellman
Names
Quiz
See how easily and quickly you can find the missing names in the sentences below.
The answers are printed after the exercise to help you.
1 William F. Cody (1846 - 1917) was nicknamed ....
2 Mozart's Christian names were ....
3 Queen Elizabeth's youngest son is called ....
4 The Idlewild Airport in New York was renamed ... after this man's death.
5 ...'s real name is Richard Starkey.
6 A Swedish actress by the name of Greta Gustaffson adopted the screen
pseudonym
of...
.
7 Bach's initials, J.S., stand for ....
8 Mrs Mark Phillips' maiden name was ....
9 The newest airport in Paris is named after ....
10 Most Englishmen have pretended at some time in their life to be William Younger,
alias
....
11 Samuel Clemens' pen-name was ....
12 The stretch of coastland between Toulon in France and Spezia in Italy is known
as
....
13 The tallest building in Paris takes its name from the engineer, ....
14 Someone christened Adolph Schickelgruber became world-famous under the
name of... .
15 The film recognised as the first 'talking picture' was entitled ....
16 During the seventies a certain Cassius Clay changed his name to ....
Answers
1 Buffalo Bill 2 Wolfgang Amadeus 3 Prince Edward 4 Kennedy
International Airport 5 Ringo Starr 6 Greta Garbo 7 Johann Sebastian
8 Princess Anne (Windsor) 9 Charles de Gaulle 10 Billy the Kid 11 Mark
Twain 12 The Riviera 13 (Alexandre Gustave) Eiffel 14 Adolf Hitler-the
best known false name in the world? 15 The Jazz Singer 16 Mohammed AH
Practice
Discuss or write the answers to these questions.
1 What nicknames have you had, if any? Why did people choose them?
2 What will you call or have you called your children? Why?
3 What's the derivation of the most popular surnames in your country?
4 How has the fashion in first names changed in your lifetime?
5 How important do you think a good name is for pop and film stars?
6 How important is a good name for commercial products like shampoo, soap, cars or
cigars? Can you think of any examples of names which have ruined a product's
success?
Surname
Forename(s)
Names
Write a dialogue between a husband and wife as they try to agree on names for their
expected child.
Add any other expressions about names as you meet them.
Age
Date of birth / / 19 ..
Age .... (years) (months)
Reading
Read through these expressions relating to how old we are and what age does to us.
1900
a new-born baby, 10 Ibs. 3 ozs. at birth
ten months old
nearly eighteen months old
a toddler
four next birthday
coming up to school age
at infants' school
a schoolgirl
1910
all those in the 9-11 age group
he had a happy childhood
he's a nice kid
a teenager
in his youth
the agonies of adolescence
still a minor, legally speaking
a juvenile delinquent
congratulations on your coming of age
1920
you have to be over 21
Miss June Hoskins, aged 22, of 35 Stanfield Road
in his mid-twenties
in his prime
at the age of 26 she got married
by the age of 26 she had lived in five different countries
an adult
a grown-up
1930
don't be so childish
he's turned thirty
thirtyish
not a youngster any more
not as young as she was
36 years of age
approaching middle-age
the Under 40s Social Club
1940
on the wrong side of forty
beginning to look his age
an ageing playboy
beginning to feel her age
I prefer mature people
10