Wellman Guy. The Heinemann ELT Wordbuilder
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down
Reading
Read the excerpts from little Johnny's composition below. Make sure you know which
sections of the diagram he is referring to.
13.1.90 My Christmas Holiday
As a special treat, my Mummy and Daddy took me on a
winter sports holiday this year. We all went to the Swiss Alps
for a fortnight. I enjoyed the first few days, but skiing was
more difficult than I thought. On the third day, I twisted my
knee, bruised my shin, sprained my ankle, damaged a
tendon in the back of my foot - my Achilles tendon, I think
it's called - got cramp in my calf, squashed my big toe, got
corns on my heels and hard patches of skin on the soles of
my feet, pulled a muscle in my thigh, and rubbed all the skin
off my instep. On the fourth day, I was unfortunate ... as we
were getting on the bus to the airport, I tore a hamstring.
(My broken leg and fractured pelvis happened after I got
home.)
Practice
Make sure you understand the idiom in each of these questions, then think of a
possible answer. Write it down or compare your ideas with a partner.
1 Why was the teacher rocked back on his heels?
2 How did you put your foot in it with your neighbour?
3 Why was the teacher on her knees after the lesson?
4 In what ways do students have to toe the line?
5 Why haven't you got a leg to stand on concerning your homework?
6 Why have you got to be on your toes in that teacher's lesson?
7 How did your parents cramp your style at the disco?
8 When should parents make children stand on their own two feet?
Discuss or write the answers to these two questions.
1 What exercises do you know of that are designed to keep the different parts of the
leg in good shape? Explain how to do them.
2 What problems do people have with the different parts of their legs, through
accidents, age or lifestyle? What can they do about them?
Add any other expressions about these parts of the body as you meet them.
31
Inside and outside
the torso
Reading
Look carefully at the two pictures below and the list of words under each of them.
Then test yourself on the names of things by covering the lists of words and trying to
identify each number and letter in the pictures.
Note the following.
1 Her bust is 38", his chest is 40".
2 She's got a 24" waist. His waist is 32".
3 She measures 40" round the hips. His inside leg measurement is 32".
4 I've got a stomach-ache,
5 a bad back,
6 and a pain in my abdomen.
7 Hasn't he got a fat belly?*
8 Were you breast-fed as a baby?
9 Let the baby sit on my lap.
10 My bottom aches from sitting down all day.
11 The belly-dancer had a bare stomach except for the pearl in her navel (tummy
button).
32
Inside and outside the toiso
Practice
[Ij What's where inside us? Study the words below, then test yourself with the help of
the picture.
1 collar bone
2 spine or backbone
3 a vertebra (vertebrae)
4 heart
5 arteries
6 liver
7 intestines
8 ribs
9 pelvis
10 appendix
11 lungs
12 veins
13 kidneys
14 bladder
Now describe where each organ or bone in Exercise 1 is found in the body.
Write a simple description of the function of each of the items in Exercise 1.
Add any other words or phrases about these parts of the body you meet here. (If you
are still curious, you can consult a bi-lingual dictionary for further organs.)
33
Compound adjectives
Study and practice
There a lot of compound adjectives in English. Here are some common ones which
are formed from parts of the body. For example, heart gives us warm-hearted,
kind-hearted, hard-hearted etc.
Look at the list of similar compound adjectives below and guess what they mean.
Then read sentences 1 - 10. Complete each sentence with the appropriate
adjective(s).
left-handed double-breasted narrow-waisted cold-blooded
big-headed pot-bellied red-faced round-shouldered
sour-faced cross-eyed knock-kneed slim-hipped
light-fingered strong-willed bow-legged empty-handed
dark-skinned fair-haired broad-minded right-footed
1 My boss is terribly ... , walking around as if he were holding his salary cheque
between his knees. His wife's quite the opposite: ... , as if she had just got off a
horse.
2 I used to wear ... suits until I decided that one button was far more suitable for ...
people such as myself.
3 My sister is so ... and ... she reminds me of one of those long thin wine bottles.
4 He's Scandinavian, so he's ... and ... , and looks far better in jeans than I do.
5 It looked as if United were going to return home ... until Bradfield scored with an
incredibly powerful... shot from outside the penalty area.
6 Off we go on holiday with visions of returning ... and beautiful, forgetting that we
always come back ... and with peeling backs.
7 Hoskins, if you go on staring at that magazine any longer, you'll go .... Now either
be ..., dear boy, and put it away or give it to me until the end of the lesson.
8 My boss is so ..., always looking as if he knew tomorrow was going to be the end of
the world. And his wife is so ... ; I have to keep a careful eye on my things when
they come round to the house, or they just disappear.
9 Most... tennis players seem to win more easily against right-handers. Talking of
tennis players, aren't those professionals a ... bunch, shouting all the time about
how great they are?
10 A lot of liberal,... people find it difficult to accept that there is such a thing as ...
murder.
Practice
1 Complete each sentence with the appropriate word from the list below. Note that
they are all adjectives made from parts of the body, and that bloody is a frequently
used and not very rude swear word.
hairy cheeky bloody leggy handy
nosey hearty skinny heady chesty
1 ... congratulations on your success!
2 I could watch those ... women high jumpers for hours.
3 That sounds like a rather ... cough you've got.
4 The shops are quite ... — only two minutes' walk.
5 No, you can't borrow my girlfriend for the evening! Don't be so ...!
6 It's nothing to do with you what we're doing tonight! Don't be so ...!
7 She's so ... that when she turns sideways, she's almost invisible!
34
Compound adjectives
8 Did you know he's got a ... chest? Like a doormat, it is!
9 I reckon you'd have to be a ... fool to want to learn this ... stupid language!
10 I feel quite ... after getting all those right. Or perhaps it's the champagne.
Discuss or write the answers to these questions.
1 Which elements of your body - from split ends to toenails - do you wish were
different in some way?
2 What are the necessary physical attributes of the following types of athlete?
Use the phrases: You have to be I have ...; You need ...; You can't... without ... .
1 a swimmer
2 a skier
3 a tennis player
4 a footballer
5 a sprinter
3 How important do you think physical appearance is for a happy or successful
life?
Write a paragraph on one of the following topics.
1 A description in your diary of how your body felt when you suffered from and slowly
recovered from frost-bite or bad sunburn.
2 Continue this paragraph: 'Suddenly the door opened and the strangest-looking man
I have ever seen seen came into the room. ...'
3 A description from your short story of the people in the waiting room of a marriage
guidance bureau.
Add any other adjectival expressions about the body as you meet them.
35
The senses
Dialogue
Read the conversations below. Note these patterns used to talk about the five basic
senses.
A Look at that!
В I can't see anything.
A It looks like a boat.
В Where?
A Over there! It's clearly visible.
It's
just
come
in
sight
It's
just
come
into view.
В You must have good eyesight.
You must have sharp eyes.
A Listen to that!
В I can't hear anything.
A It sounds like a cry for help.
В Where's it coming from?
A Over there! It's clearly audible.
It's a very clear sound.
В
Your
hearing
must
be
good.
You must have good ears.
A Smell this!
В I can't smell anything.
A It smells like stale fish.
В Does it?
A Yes, it's quite a strong smell.
You must have a very sensitive nose.
You must have a keen sense of smell.
A Taste this!
В I can't taste anything wrong.
A It tastes like vinegar.
В Really?
A Yes, it's got quite a strong
(after-)taste.
В You must have a very sensitive
palate.
Your
sense
of
taste
must
be
very good.
A Touch (Feel) this!
В I can't feel anything.
A It feels as if it's vibrating.
В Where?
A Here. It's quite a strong
sensation.
It's
a
very
funny
feeling.
В You must have very sensitive
fingers.
You must have a special sense
of touch.
Remember: taste can also relate to artistic and social life.
Is your bedroom tastefully decorated?
Don't
you
think that joke
you
told
at the
party
was in
rather poor (bad)
taste?
The vicar certainly thought it was tasteless.
Note too:
That darts player has a good eye.
That musician has a good ear.
And also:
It's out of sight, out of earshot, and out of reach.
36
The senses
There are more than five senses, aren't there? Have a look at this short conversation.
A Something tells me you could do with another drink.
В You must be psychic. Thanks.
A I can sense that you probably love tea. Is that so?
В Great. You must have extra-sensory perception.
A And I feel it in my bones that it's China tea. Am I right?
В Fantastic. We must be telepathic.
A My intuition says it's green tea.
В
What
an
instinct
you
have!
A small cup, is it?
A No, a large one, please.
Practice
Often our five senses don't work as well as they might.
Cover the right column, and then the left, and try to recall the equivalent expression
from the other column.
to be short-sighted / long-sighted to be hard of hearing
to go blind to go deaf
to wear glasses / contact lenses to wear a hearing aid
to be as blind as a bat to be deaf as a post
to read Braille to lip-read
to use sign language
to be
colour
blind
to be
tone-deaf
(of
music)
to visit an oculist to go to an ear specialist
Look at the list of words formed from the word sense. Complete the sentences with an
appropriate word from the list or the word sense, which you will use three times.
sensible sensitive sensation sensational sensual sensuous
senseless
1 What should you say? You'll just have to use your common ... .
2 The news of the scandal caused a ....
3 I've always found the buzzing of bees has a very ... attraction.
4 I think the ... thing to do would be to stop now and get a good night's sleep.
5 In one ... I think you're right, but not completely.
6 Kleindorf's defeat of Real Madrid in the European Cup was ....
7 It's ... trying to argue with him; he never listens to a word anybody says.
8 She's very ... on the subject of divorce, so be careful what you say.
9 I felt a ... of 'deja vu' when I was turned down for the job the second time.
10 The cashier at the bank has incredibly ... hands.
A hundred British people were asked to complete the phrase a sense of. These were
the most popular choices. Do they tell you anything about the British?
Complete each sentence 1-9 with an appropriate phrase.
a sense of humour a sense of duty a sense of power
a sense of fairness a sense of adventure a sense of timing
a sense of discipline a sense of fun a sense of balance
1 Having a little red button not far from his desk must give a President an enormous
2 Without a ... you'll never be able to hit the ball correctly.
37
The senses
3 Some people say that a ... is the only thing that makes difficult situations bearable.
4 He went ahead and arrested his uncle through a ....
5 One of the major tasks of parents should be to give their children a ....
6 His inborn ... led him to the slopes of the Himalayas.
7 At high altitudes one is apt to lose one's ... .
8 His ... is so strong, he protests to umpires on behalf of his opponent.
9 Personally, I don't call putting dead fish in friends' beds a sign of a healthy....
Discuss or write the answers to these questions.
1 What ten things would you miss most if you were blind or deaf? In other words,
what are your favourite sights and sounds?
2 What evidence have you heard of people who are deprived of one sense having
unusually well-developed other senses?
3 Do you believe in a sixth sense? Have you heard of any cases of ESP (extra-sensory
perception)?
4 Goethe said that a meal should please the eye before it pleases the stomach. How
important do you think this is?
Write a paragraph on one or all of the following subjects.
1 Your sensations (visual, aural and personal) while watching a forest fire. This will
be part of your short story.
2 A page from your diary, recording your feelings and sensations as you looked at a
room the morning after a party.
3 Part of a letter to a friend telling him or her about a lovely long walk you had one
spring morning.
Add any other words about the senses as you meet them.
38
Character and
personality
Game
Are we the kind of people we are because of the time of the year we were born? See if
you can complete the adjectives below at home over the next day or so. Each one has
a clue beside it to help you and a dot for each letter that you need to add.
ARIES (Mar 21-Apr 20)
You won't find him in the corner at the party. o.tg.i.g
That's her doing the can-can on the table. ex...v.rt
She has no problems. c.. ef.ee
He never frowns. l...t-h.a.t.d
She tells no lies. t.u.hf..
He has few secrets. o..n
He'll tell you if he doesn't like your make-up. c.n.id
She'll tell you if she doesn't like your after-shave. f...k
He's the person to ask for that five pounds you are owed. e..y-g...g
TAURUS (Apr 21 - May 20)
He knows what he wants and he usually gets it. s.r.n.-wi..ed
She never gives up without a fight. d.t.r.i.ed
He knows he's good. s.l.-as.u..d
She knows she's as good. s.l.-co..i..nt
She likes to be the boss, the one on top. d.m.n.nt
He wants to be even bigger, even better — the best am..t.o.s
and expects high standards of performance from others. d.m.n.i.g
He works 18 hours a day, jogs,and plays squash. e.e.ge..c
She hates to lose, in business or at tiddlywinks. c.mp...t..e
GEMINI (May 21 - Jun 20)
She thinks she's good. p.o.d
He thinks he's superior to everyone. a.r.g..t
'As the most experienced and sensible person
present, I...' p.mp..s
'Of course, I could have beaten him even more
easily, but I wanted to give him a chance.' b..stf.l
She won't share her presents with her sister. s..f..h
He spends half the day in front of the mirror. v..n
She thinks the whole world revolves around her. s..f-c.n.r.d
He thinks he's the centre of the universe. e.oc..t..c
She looks down on anyone who hasn't got a
heated indoor swimming pool at home. s.o.b.Ji
CANCER (Jun 21 - Jul 20)
She seems to enjoy finding fault with others. c.it...l
He'll take off marks if you don't dot your i's. P-t.y
She can only ever see one side of things. na...w-m.n..d
He always likes the fat taken off his bacon. f.s.y
He's like a donkey. s.u.b.r.
She's like a mule. o.s.in.t.
He loves money, loves having 'things'. m.t.r.a.i.t.c
39
Character and personality
Oh yes, he'll help you - if you make it worth his while. m.r.en.ry
She never lets her husband out of her sight. p.ss.ss..e
LEO(Jul21-Aug21)
You never know what he's going to do. u.p.ed.ct.Je
He never knows what he's going to do. i.d.c.s.ve
There are two things I don't like about her - her face! t.o-f...d
Be careful what he's saying about you behind your back. h.po.r.t.c.l
Be careful what she's doing while your back is turned. d.sh.n..t
He behaves like the weather in April. cha.g.a.le
She behaves like the proverbial primadonna. t.mp.r.m..t.l
He says what I want to hear, not what he thinks. i.s.nc.r.
He never does all the things he says he'll do. u.r.l.a.l.
VIRGO (Aug 22 - Sep 22)
Other people's points of view always impress him. i.p.e.s.on.Je
She'd believe you if you told her pizzas grew on trees. g.lLble
She lacks will-power. w..k-w....d
He lacks courage. c.w..d.y
He doesn't do much — he just sits back and watches. p.s..v.
She'll do what she's told. ob.d...t
You never know what he's thinking. s.cr.t..e
'It was an honour just to be on the same court as McEnroe. h.mb.e
How I beat him 6-0, 6-0, 6-0? It was just luck.' m.d..t
LIBRA (Sep 23-Oct 22)
He uses his common sense. s.n.i.le
She never does silly things under pressure. l.v.l-h..d.d
She's like the Libran symbol of the scales. w..l-b.l.n.ed
She'd solve all the problems on a desert island, p.ac..c.l
and nothing would upset her. c..m
He'd be a good judge or referee. f..r-m..d.d
She's got both feet on the ground and is really down-to-earth. r.aL.t.c
His heart rarely rules his head. r.t..n.l
I think, therefore I am. That's my approach. l.g.c.l
SCORPIO (Oct 23 - Nov 22)
Keep out of her way when she loses her temper. a.gr..s.v.
He's always the first one to put his fists up, v. J.nt
and he's quick to use them - to the full. b.u.al
He may even add a boot or two for good measure. v.c.o.s
She won't let anything stand in her way. r..hl..s
He has no principles about hurting other people. u.sc.u.u.ous
He almost seems to enjoy causing trouble. m.l.c.ous
She's a strong believer in an eye for an eye, sp.t...l
and a tooth - or, in her case, teeth - for a tooth. v.n.i.t.ve
SAGITTARIUS (Nov 23 - Dec 20)
Those with some Latin blood in their veins. p.s.i.n.t.
They are fiery and emotional. h..- bl..d.d
She's not afraid to go mountain climbing, b.a.e
or to join a mountain rescue team. c.ur.g...s
He wants to go to wild and unexplored places. a.v.nt.r..s
They're vivacious, like champagne bubbles. l.v.l.
She puts her heart and soul into her profession. d.d.c.t.d .
On the sinking ship, the dog never left its master's side. d.v.t.d
These friends do not desert you in a crisis. l.y.l
CAPRICORN (Dec 21 - Jan 19)
He'd
always stop
to
help
a
disabled person across
the
road.
c.ns.d....e
That's her on the beach wiping oil off the sea-birds' feathers. t.nd..
40