Wawro G. The Franco-Prussian War: The German Conquest of France in 1870-1871
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246, 290, 299–300, 304, 305–6, 311,
312
disease, 253, 269, 286, 287
Douay, General Abel, 96–8, 101, 103,
104, 121
Douay, General F
´
elix, 95, 96, 208, 218,
220, 221, 224, 228
Dreyse rifle, see “needle rifle”
Ducrot, General Auguste, 73, 123, 130,
134, 135, 212–13, 215, 216, 217, 218,
220, 222, 224, 227, 228; command of
Paris, 231, 252, 253–4, 276–8, 280–1,
283, 284, 293
economic factors, 189, 256, 310
Ems telegram, 37, 301, 311
Eug
´
enie, Empress of the French, 7, 19,
26, 28, 35; downfall, 229, 233, 245,
299; regent, 68, 72–3, 107, 139, 140,
141, 145, 147–8, 165, 167–8, 191,
192–3, 201, 228
Failly, General Pierre de, 26, 92, 96, 107,
137, 185, 188, 206–7, 216
Favre, Jules, 39, 140, 187; foreign
minister, 232, 235, 236, 239–40, 246–7,
253, 254, 263, 296, 298, 300–1
Fay, Colonel Charles, 69, 165, 181,
196
Flourens, Gustave, 234, 296
Foch, General Ferdinand, 307–8
Fontane, Theodor, 1
Forbach, battle of, see Spicheren
Forey, Marshal Fr
´
ederic, 70
Forton, General Henri de, 151, 156,
162
France, 3; army reforms, 41–6, 48–57, 60,
63–4, 111; military morale problems,
42–7, 75–6, 116, 119, 133–4, 136, 144,
158, 166, 177, 184, 194–5, 197, 200,
220, 221–2, 231, 242, 249–51, 252–3,
265, 270, 273–4, 275–6, 287, 288,
292–3, 294, 295, 297; recovery from
defeat, 310–11, 312; war will, 101–2,
103, 138–9, 194, 231–2, 234, 237, 247,
251, 257–8, 263–4, 269, 283, 286–7,
294, 303
Fourichon, Admiral Martin, 189, 190,
191–2, 233
Franco-Austrian War (1859), 11–12, 20,
51, 55, 57, 60, 92
francs-tireurs, 237–8, 257, 264–5, 268–9,
279, 288–90, 309–10
Fransecky, General Eduard von, 183, 184
Franz Joseph, Emperor of Austria, 11,
16, 51, 67
Freycinet, Charles, 265–6, 270–1, 274,
275, 284, 287, 288, 293, 297, 301
Friedrich Karl, Prince, 61, 80, 92, 93;at
Gravelotte, 164, 168, 169–70;at
Mars-la-Tour, 152, 159, 161;at
Spicheren, 107–8, 110, 114, 119, 145,
150; Loire campaign, 271, 274, 275,
284, 287, 288, 292; siege of Metz, 194,
200, 242–3, 250–1
Friedrich Wilhelm, Crown Prince, 81,
84, 93, 95, 97, 101, 107–8;at
Froeschwiller, 121–2, 123, 127, 128,
131, 132, 135, 136–7, 145; Sedan
campaign, 187, 193–4, 201–3, 206, 210,
222, 226; siege of Paris, 290
Froeschwiller, battle of, 85, 92, 93–4, 95,
103, 106, 121–37, 138, 141, 142,
308
Frossard, General Charles, 23, 67, 73, 77,
95, 139, 142; at Gravelotte, 169, 172,
173, 181, 183; at Mars-la-Tour, 151,
154–5; at Saarbr
¨
ucken, 86, 90–2, 107;
at Spicheren, 106, 110–11, 114,
116–19, 135; in Metz, 194–5, 196–7
Gambetta, L
´
eon, 29, 38–9, 46, 140, 232,
234, 236, 240, 243, 245, 247; peace
negotiations, 300, 303, 305, 310; war
leader, 251–2, 262, 265, 266, 269,
270–1, 276, 278, 281, 284, 285, 287,
288, 289, 293–4, 297
Garde Mobile, 46–7, 75–6, 139, 148,
236–7, 238, 248, 257, 260, 262, 264,
265, 267–9, 271, 277, 285, 295
Garibaldi, Giuseppe, 6, 11, 12, 111,
262–3, 289, 297
general staffs, growing importance of,
49–50
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German Confederation, 16–17, 19, 21, 22
German Empire, 282–3, 302–3, 312
German nationalism, 24, 80, 105, 226,
230, 304, 312
Goeben, General August von, 114, 118,
172, 182, 183
Government Delegation, see Tours
government
Government of National Defense, 167,
231–4, 243, 246, 247–8, 252, 253
Gramont, Duc Antoine de, 33, 35, 36,
37, 38, 76, 85, 103, 140, 162, 190
Gravelotte, battle of, 144, 166, 169–85,
186, 187, 193, 224, 274, 307, 308
Great Britain, 187–8, 190, 290, 305, 312,
313
guerre
`
a outrance, see total war
Haussmann, Baron Georges, 28
H
´
ericourt, battle of, 295
Hindenburg, Lt. Paul von, 58, 176, 177
Hohenzollern Candidature, see Spanish
throne crisis
Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, Prince
Leopold von, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 68
Hugo, Victor, 6, 239, 257, 311
Italy, 4, 32, 73, 85, 138, 187–8, 239
Jarras, General Louis, 22, 49–50, 68, 72,
92, 141, 142, 164
Jena, battle of, 10, 74
Juarez, Benito, 70
“June Days” of 1848, 6
Kameke, General Georg von, 110–11,
112, 114, 115, 119, 183
Kirchbach, General Hugo von, 123, 131,
136, 137
K
¨
oniggr
¨
atz, battle of, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19,
21, 22, 51, 52, 57–8, 59, 60–1, 81, 82,
100, 108, 111, 112, 119–20, 145, 150,
157, 159, 177, 193, 196, 212, 313
Krupp artillery, see artillery
Ladmirault, General Louis, 87, 95,
107–8, 143, 144, 147, 151, 155, 156,
157–8, 169, 173–4, 177, 178,
197, 200
La Motterouge, General Joseph, 257,
260–1, 262, 265, 270
Lartigue, General Marie-Hippolyte, 123,
132, 134
Laveaucoupet, General Sylvain de,
111–12, 114, 116
Leboeuf, Marshal Edmond, 41, 46, 49,
50, 67, 76, 80; corps commandant, 151,
155, 156, 169, 181, 183, 197, 200, 244;
major g
´
eneral, 68, 69, 70, 72–3, 86,
90–1, 92, 94–5, 96, 107, 120, 140–1, 147
Lebrun, General Barth
´
elemy, 50, 67, 68,
70, 72, 141, 206, 213, 224, 228, 313
Lefl
ˆ
o, General Adolphe, 233, 248, 257
Le Mans, battle of, 288, 292–3, 295
Liberal Empire, 27–9
Loigny, battle of, 274–5
Loire campaign and armies, 251–2, 256,
260–1, 263, 265, 266, 268–71, 274,
275–6, 279–80, 283–4, 287–8, 290,
293
Luxembourg crisis (1867), 18, 21, 22–3,
32, 66, 191, 299–300
MacMahon, Marshal Patrice, 25, 59, 68,
139, 143, 150, 165, 167, 297; command
of I Corps, 67, 72–3, 86, 92, 93–4;
direction of Froeschwiller, 107, 120,
121–3, 126, 131–2, 134, 135, 137; role
in Wissembourg battle, 95–6, 97, 103;
Sedan campaign, 167–8, 185, 187, 188,
192–3, 194, 195, 196, 198, 201, 203,
206, 209–10, 211–12, 215
Magenta, battle of, 11, 36, 57
Manstein, General Albrecht von, 170,
172
Margueritte, General Jean, 220–1
Mars-la-Tour, battle of, 151–63, 165,
175, 308
Marx, Karl, 1, 4, 302
Maximilian, Archduke of Austria, 70
Mazzini, Giuseppe, 6, 68, 111
Mecklenburg-Schwerin, Grand Duke
Friedrich, 269, 270, 275, 284, 285–6,
287, 288
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Metternich, Prince Richard, 29, 73, 168,
187, 229
Metz, siege of, 85–6, 186–7, 193, 195,
197–8, 240–7, 249–53, 256
Mexican adventure, 39, 70, 243
mitrailleuse, 53, 54, 91, 99–100, 124, 129,
183
mobilizations of 1870, 65–6, 74–84,
85–6, 190
Moltke, General Helmuth von, 24, 312,
313, 314; army reforms, 45, 47–8;at
K
¨
oniggr
¨
atz, 16; dispute with
Bismarck, 278–80, 290–2, 304–5;
Gravelotte, 164, 168–9, 170, 172–3,
176, 183; Loire campaign, 256, 257,
263, 265, 269, 278–80, 284, 287, 292;
peace negotiations, 304–5; Sedan
campaign, 187, 193, 202–4, 211–12,
226, 227, 228; siege of Paris, 235–6,
237, 247, 249, 278–80, 281–2; Spanish
throne crisis, 37; tactical changes,
54–5, 57–9, 61; war leadership, 86–7,
93, 95, 97, 107–8, 111, 119–20, 143,
145, 147, 149–50, 151–2, 160, 183, 193;
war preparations, 80–2, 84
Montaudon, General Jean-Baptiste, 115,
116
Napoleon I, 4, 8, 9–10, 11, 12, 21, 54, 57,
66, 144, 185, 239
Napoleon III: corruption, 25–6; coup of
1851, 6–8, 20, 233; Crimean War aims,
10–11, 20; demoralization in 1870, 69,
78–9, 90; domestic opposition to his
rule, 20, 24–30; downfall, 228–9, 233,
234–5, 240, 299; early life and career,
3–4; Franco-Austrian War aims,
11–12, 20; Liberal Empire, 27–9;
military decisions in 1870, 67–8, 70,
72–4, 85, 86, 91–2, 106–7, 136–7, 139,
141–2, 143, 145–6, 148–9, 165, 167–8,
189, 190, 192–3, 203; military reforms,
46, 49, 50, 52, 54; political ideas, 9–10,
12, 20; reaction to Austro-Prussian
War, 15, 16–18, 19–20, 21, 22, 26, 32;
rivalry with Bismarck, 12–13, 21,
22–3, 31; Sedan campaign, 203, 205–6,
224–6, 228; Spanish throne crisis, 35,
36–7, 38
navies, role in 1870, 74, 75, 188–92,
206
“needle rifle,” 51, 52–3, 57, 90, 102, 242,
272, 307
Nicholas I, Tsar of Russia, 10
Niel, Marshal Adolphe, 31, 46, 48, 49,
50, 52, 54, 63, 66, 73, 75, 76, 96
Noisseville, battle of, 198–201
North German Confederation
(1866–70), 16, 20, 21, 22, 30, 32, 312
Ollivier, Emile, 28, 29, 30, 33, 35, 38–40,
65, 76, 139–41
operational art, 50–60, 116–17, 119, 122,
157, 168, 212, 226–7, 237, 253, 270–1,
306–9
Orl
´
eans, battles of, 257, 260–2, 263,
265–6, 268, 269–71, 274–6, 283
Palikao, Count Charles, 140–1, 148, 162,
187, 192–3, 201, 216, 232
Paris, siege of, 143–4, 167, 201, 203,
236–7, 238, 247–8, 249, 253–4, 265,
270–1, 274, 276–83, 290–2,
295–6
Pell
´
e, General Jean, 121, 123
Persigny, Jean, 28, 29
Pietri, Franceschini, 28
Pius IX, Pope, 6, 11
Plombi
`
eres, meeting of (1858), 11
Podewils rifle, 102, 126
Prince Imperial, 28, 78, 90, 168, 224, 233,
236, 245, 299, 309
proclamation of the German Empire,
282–3
provisional government, see
Government of National Defense
Prussia, 1–3, 16–17, 19; army reforms,
41–2, 47–8, 50–2, 56–63, 111; military
morale problems, 105–6, 112, 124, 127,
129, 130, 156, 168, 183–4, 189, 217,
218–19, 253, 254; military treatment of
French civilians, 145, 202, 238, 254–5,
263, 264–5, 279–80, 286–7, 309–10,
314
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railways, military use of, 48–9, 74, 80
Raoult, General Noel, 123, 126, 130,
134
Revolution of 1848, 6
Revolution of 4 September 1870, 140,
231–4
Roon, General Albrecht von, 37, 160,
170, 202, 280, 304, 312
Rouher, Eug
`
ene, 17, 28, 29, 192–3
Russia, 36, 188, 190, 238–9, 246, 290,
312, 313
Saarbr
¨
ucken, battle of, 86–93, 95, 107,
110
St. Privat, battle of, see Gravelotte
Schlieffen Plan, 313
Sebastopol, battle of, 10
Sedan, battle of, 167–8, 192–3, 195, 196,
198, 203, 209, 211–29, 230–1, 256, 297,
313
Sheridan, General Philip, 170, 173, 184,
186, 210, 224, 236, 265, 300
Solferino, battle of, 11, 12, 36, 57, 59, 70
Spanish throne crisis, 34–8, see also Ems
telegram
Spicheren, battle of, 85, 94, 95, 107–20,
122, 123, 135, 137, 138, 141, 142,
308
Steinmetz, General Karl von, 80, 86, 93,
107–8, 110, 119, 145, 146, 159, 161,
164, 168, 172–3, 178–9, 182, 183,
194
Stoffel, Colonel Eug
`
ene, 51, 58
tactical lessons, 50–64, 87, 100, 101, 102,
105–6, 111, 114, 115–17, 118, 124–5,
132–3, 135, 136, 142, 158, 161–2,
173–5, 216–17, 218, 226–7, 267, 275,
285, 307–9, see also artillery and
cavalry
Tann, General Ludwig von der, 102,
127–8, 213, 217, 256, 257, 260–1, 263,
264–5, 266, 268, 269
Thiers, Adolphe, 17, 18, 29, 35, 39, 46,
140, 239, 244, 256, 301, 303, 304, 305,
310, 311
total war, 140, 143, 233, 236, 251–2, 254,
287–8, 289, 293, 303, 309–10
Tours government, 236, 243, 246, 256,
263, 265, 271, 276, see also
Government of National Defense
Treaty of Frankfurt and armistice, 296,
299–306, 310, 313, see also armistice
negotiations
Trochu, General Louis, 42–3, 143–4, 148,
189, 190; government of national
defense, 167, 232, 233, 234, 237, 243,
247, 248, 252, 256, 263, 274, 276, 278,
282, 283, 296
Verdy du Vernois, General Julius, 184,
209, 307
Verg
´
e, General Charles, 114, 115
Villiers, battle of, see Champigny
Vinoy, General Joseph, 148, 201, 283
Vionville, battle of, see Mars-la-Tour
Visconti-Venosta, Emilio, 187–8, 238,
246
Vittorio Emanuele II, King of Italy, 12,
239
Voights-Rhetz, General Konstantin von,
155, 157, 198, 200, 271, 292
Waldersee, Major Alfred von, 30, 35, 45,
48, 56, 110, 170, 203, 313
war plans in 1870, 47–8, 66–7, 72–4,
81–2, 93
Washburne, Elihu, 33, 138
Werder, General August von, 121, 123,
294
Werder rifle, 100
Werther, Baron Karl von, 33, 35, 37
Wilhelm I, King of Prussia, 56, 79, 108,
119, 147, 173, 183, 184–5, 202, 219,
221, 228, 230, 234, 280, 282–3, 291,
304, 308, 312; Kaiser-Titel
controversy, 32, 34; Spanish throne
crisis, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39
Wilhelm II, Emperor of Germany,
302–3, 308, 312–13
Wimpffen, General Emmanuel, 216–18,
220, 221, 222, 224–5, 227–8
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Wissembourg, battle of, 85, 92, 93–4,
95–107, 120, 121, 122, 126, 137
Woyna, General Wilhelm von, 114, 183,
273
W
¨
urttemberg, General August von,
176–7
Zastrow, General Dietrich von, 146, 172,
182, 183
Zollparlament, 23
Zollverein, 2
Z
¨
undnadelgewehr, see “needle
rifle”